I weave fate in parallel time and space

Chapter 163

Shaar closed his eyelids slightly, and continued.

"Then again, the economic base determines the superstructure.

Due to the advancement of farming technology and the emergence of the sub-agricultural system, productivity has been developed again, and the population has shown explosive growth.

The original ruling model could not adapt to the new ruling needs, and it would change from a slavery dynasty to a feudal dynasty.

But unfortunately, just as the Roman Empire was evolving into a feudal system along this road, the Germans conquered the Roman Empire.

This also accelerated the process of feudalization in Rome and throughout Western Europe. "

"First, after the Germanic peoples at the end of primitive society conquered Rome.

They could neither absorb the great Romans into the gentes nor rule them through them.

A substitute must be set in place of the Roman state.

This substitute is the feudal state established on the basis of the original military organization by the conquering clan, and the military leader of the clan becomes the king.

The king gave the occupied land to his cronies and subordinates as fiefs or territories through enfeoffment, and the big lords then enfeoffed the land to small and medium lords, thus forming a new feudal aristocracy and feudal lord economy.

Secondly, with the conquest of Rome by the Germans, a large number of members of the Germanic tribes moved into Rome, allocated a piece of land to cultivate, and became free people.

Like the original Roman free people, they were plundered by feudal lords and feudal countries, and were made extremely impoverished by continuous wars. Lease back the land as leased land.

Once caught in this form of attachment, they gradually lost their personal freedom, and after a few generations most of them became serfs."

In this way, the Germanic nation established a feudal system on the ruins of Roman slavery.

It is worth mentioning that although the invasion of the Germans accelerated the feudalization process of Rome and various nations in Western Europe,

But feudalism in Rome and Europe was by no means the result of violent Germanic conquest.

If the Roman Empire did not form the social and economic conditions for the establishment of the feudal system, there would be no corresponding productivity and sufficient population.

It was also impossible to "create" a feudal society after the Germanic invasion.

At the same time, it is certain that even if no foreigners conquered Rome, due to the effect of objective economic laws, the Roman Empire would inevitably develop into a feudal country sooner or later along the road of feudalization. "

Arthur nodded, "What about the next step, after the feudal state?"

"Next, with the continuous improvement and promotion of farming technology, productivity has improved again, and the land that can produce a lot of wealth has become the core interest of these enfeoffment kings.

The king who owns more land can support more people, obtain more soldiers and wealth, and gain greater advantages in wars. In turn, the feudal dynasty will transform into a unified dynasty.

But it is worth mentioning that the opening of the great unification war is inevitable, but the occurrence of true unification is accidental.

Years of wars on the land of Europe, but there is still no one who stands out and defeats the rest of the enemies.

Of course, in addition to the factors of individual ability, there are more reasons for Europe's failure to unify, such as the fragmentation of culture, language, writing, nationality and geography.

However, there is one country that has achieved this unification. "

Arthur knew what Shaar said, and he spoke.

"Beichen."

"To be precise, that country is called Qin." Xia Ya whispered.

"There are two big rivers in the north and south of Beichen's core land, namely the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, which create two large-scale farming areas.
But these two areas are very close to themselves and there are no mountains in between, so they are easily connected as one.

The criss-crossing mountains in Europe make rivers so numerous that almost every nation has its own mother river.

For example, the Danube River in Germany, the Seine River in France, the Vistula River in Poland, the Volga River in Russia, etc., the existence of each system makes Europe lack the motivation and desire for unity.

However, the existence of the Mediterranean also allowed them to develop in another direction. Since they could not integrate resources and obtain more arable land through unification, they would exchange food and trade through long voyages, and they developed a marine civilization.

They value contracts and pay more attention to private interests rather than cooperation between people. They lack collectiveness, which also makes them lack a unified ideological foundation. "

"Britannia isn't like them," said Arthur.

"Yes." Xia said with emotion, "The land you occupy is really rich, with a vast plain, and the Mississippi River Basin has the largest black land in the world, which can produce a lot of food. Then Naturally, there is no need to develop navigation for trade.

So you are closer to farming civilization than ocean civilization.

The reason why the Spanish Empire in the south keeps invading you is to seize that land. "

Arthur was lost in thought.

The emergence of the slavery economy in the Roman Republic led to the bankruptcy of the small peasant economy, shaking the class and economic foundations of the Roman city-state republic, leading to the existence of the Republic in name only and the birth of the monarchy.

The improvement of farming ability and the production contradiction of slavery led to low productivity, which promoted slavery to become slave farming system, and produced the germination of feudal system.

"Productivity determines the relations of production, and the economic base determines the superstructure."

He seemed to have thought of something and suddenly raised his head to look at Shaar.

"That is to say, if the production method improves again, then it's time to change the dynasty."

Xia Ya's eyelids were slightly closed, and his cheeks were raised, revealing a smile that didn't mean anything.

"Isn't productivity already improving?"

Arthur was taken aback for a moment, but then, he seemed to realize something, his pupils shrank slightly, a cold current rushed from his tailbone straight to the top of his head, and his hair stood on end.

"factory."

Char's words continued, "The economic basis of feudal society is the private ownership of land by the landlord class.

The land is owned by the landlord class, and the peasants have personal freedom, but they have no land, so they can only rent the land from the landlords and pay a certain amount of income as rent.

As for the factory owners, I prefer to call them capitalists.

Their economic basis is capitalist ownership of the means of production.

Here land is no longer a decisive factor in the economy, but one of many means of production.

The capitalist owns all the means of production including money, large machinery including steam engines.

The factory replaces manual labor with large-scale mechanical labor such as steam engines. The advantages of large output and low cost will also impact the small peasant economy just like the slavery of the Roman Empire, leading to the bankruptcy of farmers.

The bankrupt peasants lost their land and had to sell their labor power to live. Here they transformed into the working class, and the capitalists obtained surplus value from the labor of the working class. "

Shaar's words paused here, and he looked around.

"Let me test you, and continue to push down according to this logic. Where is the contradiction between nobles and capital?"

Isabel frowned and said.

"Land is no longer the decisive means of production, and the status of those nobles who own a large amount of land will naturally be shaken.

Instead of renting their land and farming it, people went to factories instead. "

Arthur murmured softly, "That's how the contradiction arose."

This is also the reason why Heilang's factory was coveted by nobles. Some nobles realized this, and conflicts were already happening.

"And the emperor is the biggest landlord." Xia Ya said, "This is also one of the foundations of the emperor's power."

"So there is a natural conflict between the autocratic monarchy and capitalism, and capital will definitely affect the autocratic monarchy."

The knowledge Shaar said was very advanced, so at this moment it deeply shocked the hearts of Arthur and Alicia.

Isabel also frowned slightly. It can be said that the words Xia Ya said now are words that would punish any emperor.

Although she is not the emperor now, she is also the royal family.

For a while, the atmosphere in this office was a little quiet.

And Arthur seemed to realize something, and murmured softly, "It was like this in Napoleon's era, the king of France was sent to the guillotine by the people.

And he was quickly overthrown after becoming emperor.

He hindered the progress of the river of human history, and he was bound to be swallowed by the raging river. "

Isabel came back to her senses, but she was still not reconciled, "Is there a possibility that the emperor and capital can coexist?"

"It's possible, but the emperor is no longer as autocratic as in the past." Shaar said.

"Because capitalist businessmen demand a free economic system, autocracy is not acceptable. When imperial power conflicts with capital, it will inevitably be overthrown by capital."

"but."

At this time, Arthur spoke, but he hesitated slightly, as if he was organizing his words.

"Although it seems that productivity and production relations have changed, the essence has not changed, and the people are still being exploited.

In the past it was the aristocracy, in the future it will be the capital.

People's lives don't seem to have changed much. "

Xia looked at Arthur in surprise. This is the difference between Arthur and Isabel. Although she also cares about the people, she cares more about the glory and power of the royal family.

Arthur, on the other hand, can truly consider the people.

"Is there a stage where the people are not exploited?" Arthur asked.

He looked at Xia, and asked eagerly, "You must know, right?"

Shaar smiled, nodded and said, "Of course, it's in the next stage of capital."

Shaar's words attracted everyone present, their eyes were focused on him, waiting for his narration.

They have a premonition that the world behind this stage may be the ultimate yearning of all human beings and the end of ideals.

(End of this chapter)