Traveler Major League

Chapter 188 Technology and underlying architecture

Four hundred miles northeast of Xinhefei City within the control area of ​​the People's Government, this is an open-pit coal mine under development. The blood vessel-like wooden track leads directly to the river wharf twenty miles away. The blood coal of the industry is drawn from here. The miners with Hongmaoman as the main labor force excavated and loaded the trucks, sent them to the dock along the track for loading, and then sent them along the river to the industrial base in New Hefei.

After the coal delivery ship arrived, the receiver at the dock jumped onto the cargo ship before the ship was stable, and shouted to the person in charge of the coal delivery: "Come on, hurry up, and count the list for me."

As he said that, the receiver grabbed the list and compared the quantities one by one. Seeing his anxious appearance, the delivery man asked, "Why are you so anxious today?"

"There is a breakthrough."

"Is the steam engine ready?"

The receiver shook his head, "It's just a breakthrough, and it shouldn't be far from the practical application that the commander said."

"Is it so difficult? I have seen the model in school a long time ago, and we thought it would be fine to enlarge it."

The receiver spat, "What's this? How can science be so simple? Look at the material department next door in our institute. Just cooling and quenching steel is done in different ways, and all have to be recorded. In the book, water, animal fat, vegetable oil, and I heard that saline solution is also used, which is very complicated. The experiment of changing the method of various alloys, each ratio is different, it is completely lucky, it seems that it is Never ending."

"So complicated?"

"No, it's a thousand miles away. The chairman requires that the records and maintenance of technical data must be done well, and even accurate enough to fart must be written in the document." The receiver mentioned the bitter history of these researchers, Their faces are full of constipation, and they are only under 20 years old. After studying with Liu Ze, they were given such an important career. They study while studying, and discuss with each other when they encounter problems, and then go to the meeting organized by Liu Ze to discuss.

This is the case with technology. Various details will affect the final result, so it is very easy to lose. Even in modern times, after decades of deindustrialization in the United States, it is extremely difficult to reproduce the technology of manned moon landing. If the United States The moon landings are real words.

There are some things in common with project management. It is very, very difficult for complex projects to be permanently preserved and inherited by purely objective information. The loss of information and environmental changes that seem inconspicuous at first will accumulate and cause the entire The process cannot be reproduced.The so-called orderly inheritance is always verified and guaranteed by the repeated learning process of generations of executors. Before the work can be repeated or even improved in the current environment, it is very common for a complex technology to be lost.

As the core figure of the Science Department of the People's Union, Liu Ze did not blindly let everyone invest in a certain research and development, but first set up a system, and then filled the staff under the framework of the system. Select the elite among young people working on literacy, and then study while studying.

For example, the principle of a steam engine is very simple, that is, to boil water. It is very easy to make a small steam engine model to make it work, but the only trouble is how to enlarge it. The steam engine that can be used in the model will not work after being enlarged, which requires personnel to conduct research. Various structures and production processes.

Far more difficult than power system applications.

At least since everything has been on the right track after crossing, the power department under the Ministry of Science has used the method of coating lead compounds on lead sheets, and the principle of converting chemical energy into electrical energy in dilute sulfuric acid to create a practical lead storage battery. The electric energy division of the company uses this kind of storage battery to carry out various experiments and researches, such as electrolyzed water experiments.

Before the steam engine was put into practical use, Liu Ze's subordinates were mainly powered by hydraulic power, supplemented by animal power.

As a power source, electricity is also known as an increasingly important item. First of all, electric energy can be produced in a centralized manner and used in a decentralized manner. Compared with the kinetic energy of water energy, it must be transmitted through cranks, flywheels, gears, belts, etc. to transmit energy to each unit. Machines, this transmission method is very inconvenient, and the energy loss during the transmission process is also very large, which is far inferior to the transmission and distribution of electric energy.

Moreover, the application of electrical energy is flexible, and only one idea is needed to convert it into heat energy, light energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy, etc.

Since Liu Ze made the first batch of artificial magnet generators by lightning strike method, the manual experiment of electric shock with drum armature winding and slotted laminated core structure has been put on the agenda.

It also uses the principle of electromagnetic induction phenomenon, that is, put a magnetic needle next to the wire connected to the battery, and the basic phenomenon of deflection of the magnetic needle immediately makes a wired telegraph that uses wires to transmit signals, and uses current pulses to deflect the electromagnet. Move a mark to make it write on a piece of paper, print dots and lines, and use dots and lines to represent corresponding meanings, which is also the principle of Morse code.

The use of electricity is only a theoretical problem. After the theory has no obstacles, the application is extremely simple. The only problem is the lack of resource materials. Experiments on processing and other primary processes have fed back the progress of many material processes.

The practical application of the steam engine is also accelerating on this basis. The most basic steam engine only needs a simple wrought iron boiler. In the steam boiler, water is boiled into steam through the combustion process.Steam is sent to the cylinders through pipes.The valve controls the time when the steam reaches the cylinder, enters the slide valve chamber through the main steam valve and the throttle valve, and is controlled by the slide valve to alternately enter the left or right side of the cylinder to push the piston to move.The steam pushes the piston to do work in the cylinder, and the cooled steam is introduced into the condenser through the pipe and recondensed into water.This process is repeated continuously while the steam engine is in motion.

The only thing that limits its practicality is the immature processing technology precision, which leads to air leakage, especially the piston and cylinder. Once the piston does not fit the cylinder, the efficiency is frighteningly low. This is also the reason why the prototype machine has not been able to produce a practical model so far.

In addition, in related fields, if you say that the most difficult technology is the most difficult to break through, it is the coal coke chemical industry. Even after half a year, the research on the role of various complex compounds of coal by-products has not made much progress. Now What can be used is only coal as raw material, which is heated to about 950°C under the condition of isolation of air, and is produced by high-temperature dry distillation to produce coke, and at the same time obtain gas and coal tar.

Coke and gas are the simplest and can be applied directly. Unlike other places, as a place such as a steel factory that needs to operate in three shifts around the clock, gas lamps are the first to be used, and with cheap gas lamps, It is very cost-effective to realize night shift production under large-area lighting, but because of safety reasons in urban areas, the laying of gas pipelines has never been approved.

But at least in and around the steel mill, the pale artificial light source, a symbol of industrialization, first appeared.

As for the important chemical raw materials such as benzene, phenol, naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene contained in coal tar, Liu Ze, as a core technical staff, only knows their names, not their shapes. The best way is to distill.

This is also the most basic common sense. In the early days of chemical development, distillation was the main content of routine experiments, and it was applied in the extraction of natural products and minerals.The early distillation method of coal tar was to heat the coal tar, and then use a condenser to cool down the things evaporated in different stages to obtain various fractions. Obviously, the substances with low boiling points will be distilled out first.Of course, each fraction can be further distilled to separate the chemical substances to obtain more refined chemical products.

However, Liu Ze doesn't understand even these primary separated things. This is the defect of human memory. He can only remember things in general and more detailed things that he has never touched, even if he has learned in school before. They all went back.

All kinds of problems came up during the experiment. Liu Ze’s solution was to set up a science department. This department was set up by Liu Ze to study various technical details. He can only provide the most basic ideas and theories. It is suggested that the ones who do in-depth research are those teenagers.

Liu Ze stipulated that the Ministry of Science is the highest academic institution of natural science, the highest consulting institution of science and technology, and the comprehensive research and development center of natural science and high technology of the People's Government.

Under the jurisdiction: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth Science, Astronomy and Meteorology, Engineering Technology, Medicine, Environmental Science, Agriculture and Forestry Science, Social Science, Management Science, History Language, Chinese Literature, Archeology, Education, etc. [-] research institutes.

What is modern science and technology?This has the most basic development cornerstone, summed up:

Geological Materials Science: "It may be useful to burn stones of various colors in the fire"

Physics: "Everything in the world can be quantified, and everything in the world can be falsified"

Food: "Packaging and reheating, sealing and refrigerating can make the food shelf life longer"

Optics: "Use the strongest light to illuminate the smallest gap, shoot the fastest object, and find the weakest light."

Medicine: "Heat water to cleanse the body and drink."

Mathematics: "With a hammer of one foot, take half of the day and use it inexhaustibly"

History: "Single evidence does not stand, double evidence."

Computers: "Pile up lots of ANDs and NORs that might be useful"

Accounting: "If there is a loan, there must be a loan, and the loan must be equal"

Sports: "Single action is repeated regularly and intermittently, which can be strengthened"

Circuits: "Inflow equals outflow"

Design: "Less is more, form serves function"

Chemistry: Water and fire are born together, and so are all things.

Ecology: "Limited demands, don't exhaust the water."

Civil Engineering: "Mud, water, stone, sand, wood, iron, try to mix them up."

Sociology: "Man is the sum of all social relations."

Machine: "If a certain item makes you feel easy, let the world know about it!"

This is how the science department was established among Liu Ze's student assistants who are good at technical research. After Liu Ze got married, he devoted nearly half of all his time to the science department. This place is like a large practical classroom.

And plant the seeds of modern science from three aspects: scientific thinking, basic mathematics, and units of measurement.

First, scientific thinking is to maintain an open mind, be brave to observe and explore, not to believe in authority, and have the ability to think logically. To solve problems, follow the steps below:
Observing phenomena—discovering problems—proposing hypotheses—testing hypotheses—drawing conclusions

so back and forth

Second, mathematics is the key to open the door of science and the foundation of natural science.

In fact, it is very simple, just three aspects:

（1）首先需要定义的就是十进制的阿拉伯数字：0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12——
(2) The concept of positive numbers, negative numbers and zero
(3) Use of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
The third item, unit of measurement

In fact, modern measurement units are basically established by convention, so Liu Ze only used the modern units as a reference, and came to refer to the measurement units established in the Ming Dynasty to unify the weights and measures, all for convenience.

For example, the definition of temperature, 0 degrees is a mixture of ice and water, 100 degrees is boiling water, and taking 100 equal parts is the division of temperature (you can use a mercury thermometer, of course, the altitude of each place is different, and the conclusions are different.)
You can use the pendulum effect to define length and time: any pendulum as long as its length is 99.4cm, no matter how high you pull the pendulum before letting go, the time for the pendulum to swing once after letting go is 1 second (regardless of the weight There are multiple), so as long as the experiment is repeated, the length and the time of 1 second can always be determined.It can also be divided by referring to the time of two solar noons as 24 hours.

And 1kg = the weight of one liter of water, that is, the cube with a side length of 10cm is filled with water.

With these foundations, other units can basically be deduced.

With these three aspects as the foundation, coupled with the talent training system established by Liu Ze, the flowers of science are slowly blooming in this land.

Every day, Liu Ze basically follows the three-point-one-line life rule: home-science department-office conference room, he is not a god, and he cannot solve all problems by himself.

Just like returning to school life, except for the slightly rich food and drink, there is no such thing as the enjoyment of the top leaders.

(Lucky, I deleted them all, and I have been failing the review, Luffy)

(End of this chapter)