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Chapter 284 War Crimes Review Commission

After the news of the successful recovery of Liaodong reached the pass, the entire official system of the original Ming Dynasty, which was still passively resisting, was shocked. The degree of cooperation has improved significantly, and almost all places have spread the word.

Taking into account the fact that the troops arrived at the gates of Nanjing in less than a month, as evidenced by Chongzhen's surrender edict and the video of laser projection, anyone who dared to declare war was a traitor. After Nanjing was captured without bloodshed, the rate of surrender of the entire South in the future It was only related to the speed of the People's Army marching south. By the end of the second year of Chongzhen, the entire Ming Dynasty territory had been included in the hands of the People's Alliance.

There were only a few of these war conflicts. Let’s not list them for now. What attracted the most attention during this period and became the focus of global public opinion in the Ming Dynasty and even the third world was the trial of the resistance forces in this unification war.

Among them, the trial of the slaves in Liaodong attracted the most attention in the third world.

After the First Army captured Shenyang on October 7, the second year of Chongzhen, the Human Rights Council under the Popular Alliance established a War Crimes Review Committee in the capital, which established seven principles for punishing war criminals:
The Council emphasized that war crimes committed by slaves should be counted from the starting point of 1616 AD when Nurhaci established the Houjin regime and established the capital city of Hetuala to determine the principles for investigation of war crime evidence. All war criminals who committed crimes should be tried in accordance with the Basic Law of the Popular Alliance. According to the proposal of Chairman Liu Ze, "crimes against humanity" should be set as the basic sentencing criterion.

One month later, the preliminary preparations for the trial of the slave-building war criminals by the Popular Alliance were basically completed, and the relevant departments jointly drafted the "Work Report of the War Criminals Processing Committee".

According to the Council on Human Rights, the seven principles for punishing war criminals after the war were their inception:

1. Policies and procedures shall be jointly agreed upon by the Popular Alliance and some representatives of Liaodong survivors from all walks of life.

2. Apply existing human rights laws and other regulations.

3. Implement immediately after the trial.

4. Issue a list of criminals and evidence.

5. Retroactive arrest of criminals without a time limit.

6. Strictly prevent war criminals from escaping and hiding in hiding.

7. Criminals such as traitors should be distinguished from slaves, and the former should be dealt with severely and strictly in accordance with human rights laws.

This is the largest action since the establishment of the Human Rights Council in the Second World. First, in the investigation of slave war crimes in Liaodong, the People's Alliance deployed officials from the former Ming Dynasty Ministry of Justice, the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and the Dali Temple to conduct preliminary data collection work in Shenyang. We also sincerely invite personnel from the legal profession in the Third World to assist in the work of the Human Rights Council, and openly recruit personnel from all walks of life who are interested in this on the Third World Network to form a private supervision group to supervise the above reviewers, and will announce progress. and the right to make suggestions.

In line with the principle of public openness, during the initial chaos, all work gradually got back on track.

First of all, the work process of the Human Rights Council is divided into:

1. Formulate the scope of war crimes and collect evidence of war crimes from the entire society.

2. Discuss the organizational structure of joint trials.

3. Organize legal experts to study relevant laws and trial procedures for punishing war criminals.

4. Determine the final verdict.

Regarding the collection of evidence, the conditions and elements that the evidence should have were publicly submitted in order to serve as effective documents presented in the trial.

It mainly consists of the following aspects:

After reviewing some of the war crimes cases that have been referred to the Commission for the Investigation of War Crimes, the following points should be followed:

1. In any case of special war crimes that the Commission for the Investigation of War Crimes deems appropriate, a person who submits a criminal certificate to the Commission shall state:

(1) What crime was committed?
(2) Can the criminal prove

(3) How serious is the criminal’s responsibility based on his/her status?

(4) Whether the criminal act was due to the criminal’s intention, or was due to obedience to an order, or due to the execution of some plan or legal disposition

(5) What is the evidence sufficient to prove the crime?
(6) Whether the defendant has any indication of possible defense
(7) Whether the proposed war crimes case is considered to be quite complete

2. The Commission for the Investigation of War Crimes hopes that the legal profession will adhere to the rigor of the law and, when reporting war crimes cases, not only indicate which items in the war crimes schedule they belong to, but also indicate that the criminals have violated criminal law (ordinary criminal law or military law). ) what kind of terms.

3. The Commission for the Investigation of War Crimes is fully aware that in certain circumstances, in order to protect the privacy of witnesses, it is impossible to identify the witnesses mentioned in the certificate or to name the witnesses. However, the Commission should at least prove the crime and prosecute the criminals. The report shall be summarized and reported to all relevant witnesses, and the committee or the first group shall be notified orally if deemed necessary.

4. The Committee hopes that each war crimes case sent to the Committee shall be accompanied by at least four copies (a carbon copy will suffice) in addition to the original signature. 5. All war crimes cases should be indicated in the specified order (such as the crime incident number) and listed according to the file number for easy reference. The purpose of this method is to avoid errors, especially war crimes cases, in which the criminals in the case do not know the facts. The names are confused with each other.

6. The original military or civilian official ranks and military designations of war criminals shall be retained in order to prepare for the committee to accurately include them in the list of war criminals.

7. Regarding prisoner concentration camps, if possible, the following should be described:

(1) Prisoners held in concentration camps are officials or other classes.

(2) Official numbers and markings of concentration camps
(3) Place of origin and correct address of the location of the concentration camp
8. In order to take into account the possibility of death or disappearance of witnesses, or the geographical isolation, or the possibility that the Jian slaves deliberately destroyed criminal evidence in the occupied areas, the Committee hopes that the presiding officer will pay attention to registering war crimes in a proper format immediately. The purpose of the evidence is not only for the use of the committee, but also for the purpose of preparing future prosecutions of the offenders before the appropriate courts.

Since this is a public trial of a large bandit group in three worlds, involving a large number of people and rarely seen for a long time, it is very difficult to collect evidence that can be used in the trial of war criminals in court.

It is foreseeable that the difficulties encountered in the process of collecting evidence will be unimaginable.

During the war, when the slave-building collective committed atrocities against the people of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, who was the specific perpetrator? Whose last name is it? What unit? What position?
How are their crimes effectively documented?
On the other hand, how can the victim testify against the criminal in compliance with legal requirements?
When the Eight Banners Army was killing and chasing the people, the people were in a state of extreme fear. How could they know who Jiannu was? Most of the victims have died and there is no way to accuse them. Even for survivors, it is difficult to accurately identify the victims due to the language barrier and high mobility faced by the brutal slave builders.

Jiannu will not deliberately retain any evidence of his crimes.

In view of this serious asymmetry, the collection and preservation of personal and material evidence at that time were quite difficult.

Therefore, the committee particularly emphasized that the trial will be based on the witnesses of survivors, parties, and on-site archaeological investigation and on-site physical evidence. If there is no conclusive evidence for collective crimes, the trial should also be based on witness evidence and the suspects will be interrogated in isolation. , in principle, the judgment shall be based on the existing criminal facts, and shall not be extended to various crimes in the third world's historical timeline that have not occurred in the first world's time and space.

In addition, in view of the special situation of this kind of collective crime, the basic principle is that the suspect must be guilty, and all the beneficiaries are jointly and severally liable.

For minors who have not committed any crime, a special atonement camp is established for their care and is managed by the Human Rights Council.

Regarding witnesses, the significance and purpose of investigating the crime of slavery were widely publicized through various channels such as announcements by military control agencies, garrisons in villages, newspapers, etc., and mobilized the participation of all people.

It mainly publicizes the atrocities committed by the slaves since Nurhaci raised his army, such as killing, wounding, and rape, which are too numerous to describe.

To punish such atrocities, detailed information and evidence must be collected before the world can be educated.

The Association is currently stepping up its investigation work and has formulated detailed forms for request.

For the sake of simplicity and speed, the main points of the investigation are summarized below:
(1) Anyone who witnessed or suffered from the atrocities committed by slaves should make a detailed report on the facts, date and location of the atrocities (in any format, the paper should be firm)

Prison, copy it with an ink pen or go to the special acceptance points of the People's Alliance to write it down orally).

(2) If you know the name of the prisoner, please indicate it.

(3) At the end, list the identity of the reporter (name, place of origin, occupation, address) and sign and seal it.

(4) When there is more than one witness or victim to the same case, a joint report can be submitted.

(5) If you have relevant evidence, please send it to this association.

If you have any correspondence inquiries or interviews, please contact the association.

The name of each reporter and the content of the report shall be kept confidential by the committee. It will never be published without my consent.

Special announcement
Commission of Inquiry into the Crime of Slavery

Since Mao Wenlong's troops have been forced to surrender, all the old, weak, women and children from Pi Dao have returned to various places in Liaodong for resettlement. Pi Dao is now empty. The First Army will dispatch a brigade of troops to take custody, and the captured slaves of the Eight Banners will be concentrated on the Pi of Iron Mountain in Korea. On the island, soldiers from the original Pi Island volunteered to fill the shortage of guard personnel.

The officers and flag owners of the Eight Banners of Jiannu and their civilian officials were all isolated in Shenyang. They were interrogated and reviewed in a single room, and they were not allowed to talk to each other or make confessions.

In addition, the non-military slaves and Zhenyi people from all over Liaodong were forcibly gathered in Shenyang City to assist in the investigation.

Anyone who resists will be subject to military law.

(End of this chapter)