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Chapter 129 One Whip Method and Examination Method

[Zhang Juzheng may not be as great as Yu Qian, but Zhang Juzheng's role is indeed greater than Yu Qian's. 】

[As a famous minister of a generation, Zhang Juzheng is also an apprentice of Yangming theory, and he is greatly influenced by Wang theory.

During Zhang Juzheng's ten-year reign,

Follow the officials, dismiss the cleanliness, emphasize actual results, carry out reforms, eliminate the long-standing abuses in the officialdom, reform the tax law, and implement the test method, so that the Ming Dynasty has a looming ZTE atmosphere. It can be said that the process of the Ming Dynasty’s decline has been greatly delayed. .

In particular, the "one-whip law" promoted by it can be described as a great pioneering work, which has had a huge impact on the evolution of tax laws in later generations. 】

[But at the same time, Zhang Juzheng monopolized the power, formed an alliance with Feng Bao internally, and appointed private individuals externally, with extravagance.

Coupled with the drama of seizing love, it offended a large number of Qingliu officials.

When Zhang Juzheng was alive, many officials were dissatisfied with him. After his death, with the support of Emperor Wanli, hundreds of officials attacked him, and finally his reputation was ruined, and even his family was affected. 】

[Zhang Juzheng has merits and demerits, let's take a look at his achievements first. 】

[When it comes to Zhang Juzheng's achievements, the most important thing must be the reform plan he implemented, known as "Zhang Juzheng Reform".We all know that finance is the lifeblood of a country, but since the founding of the Ming Dynasty, finance has always been one of the problems that plagued the Ming Dynasty. 】

Seeing this sentence, the corners of Lao Zhu's mouth couldn't help twitching, and he murmured, "Blame me?"

Zhu Di agreed with this sentence very much, so this strengthened his determination to conquer the Japanese kingdom and open up maritime trade routes.

Zhu Youjian looked at the light curtain bitterly, and thought: "When I took over Daming, it was a mess."

[Due to the suppression of business and the prohibition of the sea, the Ming Dynasty's finances have been in a downturn.

Especially in the Wanli period, with the serious land and land, the financial crisis of the imperial court became more and more serious, foreign enemies oppressed the territory, and civil strife continued.

Until Zhang Juzheng became the chief assistant, he was in a difficult situation and summed up the five major disadvantages at that time:

"It is said that the patriarchal clan is arrogant, it is said that the common officials are arrogant, it is said that the officials follow the rules, it is said that the frontier is prepared and repaired, and it is said that the money is scarce."

At the same time, he also carried out comprehensive reforms in response to these problems. 】

"It's said that the clan is arrogant, it's said that the officials are arrogant, it's said that the officials follow the rules, it's said that the border is repaired, and it's said that the money is in short supply!" Liu Che followed the subtitles in the video, and then sighed: "These are not the things we are facing. The problem?"

"The summary is very reasonable! I will write it down after I go back. It can be regarded as a police training for my descendants in the Song Dynasty." Zhao Kuangyin silently wrote down the contents of the five major evils.

[In politics, Zhang Juzheng took "respecting sovereignty, classifying officials, administering rewards and punishments, one order, strengthening the public office, and eliminating private doors" as his policy, focusing on rectifying the administration of officials, and creatively proposed the "examination method", that is, strictly inspecting officials Their work requires officials to report to the cabinet on a regular basis, which effectively increases the cabinet's real power and further strengthens the centralization of power.

This made it possible to select and appoint officials who supported the reform while rectifying the old officials, making organizational preparations for the implementation of the new law.

This reform not only eliminated the pedantic and stubborn forces in the ruling and opposition parties to a certain extent, but also injected new forces for radical reforms, which can be said to kill two birds with one stone.But this also cultivated his own party feathers in a disguised form, forming a situation of forming cliques. 】

[He investigated the fields concealed by the landlords, implemented a whip law, changed the taxation system, and improved the financial situation of the Ming government; he used famous generals Qi Jiguang and Li Chengliang to train troops, strengthened the northern border defense, and rectified the defense of border towns; used Pan Jixun to preside over the dredging Treatment of the Yellow River and Huaihe River has achieved certain results. 】

[The main content of the "One Whip Law" is to combine the land tax, corvee, and other miscellaneous items of each state and county into one, and collect silver taels in a combined manner, which is converted into payment per mu.

This not only greatly simplifies the tax system and facilitates tax collection, but also makes it difficult for local officials to cheat, thereby increasing fiscal revenue.

This may seem a bit confusing. Simply put, no matter whether you are farming to collect food or fishing to support your family, you can use the harvest in exchange for silver to pay taxes. The country only collects taxes converted into silver. 】

[This big move effectively improved the country's financial situation, not only reduced the tax burden of the people, increased the enthusiasm of the people for production, maintained social stability, but also promoted the development of the commodity economy in the Ming Dynasty and promoted the germination of capitalism develop.

More importantly, this also promoted the development of the country's military and laid an economic foundation for the elimination of "Southern Japanese and Northern Bandits".In addition, the "one whip method" is a major progress in the history of China's tax system since the "two tax system" in Tang Dynasty, and it has great reference significance for the construction of tax system in later generations. 】

"Better than the 'two-tax system' of my Tang Dynasty?! Although I don't know what the two-tax system is, it seems to be compared to Lao Zhu's descendants after all!" Li Shimin felt that he seemed to be compared. , I felt a little unhappy.

Ying Zheng was originally a political expert. His eyes lit up when he saw the content of the "one whip method", and he couldn't help but clapped his hands and praised: "Second! This method must be memorized. When I go back, let those Discuss with the ministers to see if it applies to our world!"

Yang Guang declared domineeringly: "Good idea, I have adopted it!"

Liu Bang, Liu Che, and Liu Xiu also all praised: "This method not only simplifies the method of paying taxes, but also reduces the methods of corruption and cheating to a certain extent. You must use it when you go back!"

[Zhang Juzheng implemented the examination method.

The content of the examination method is roughly as follows: at the beginning of each year, use the method of bookkeeping to list the work that officials at all levels need to complete each year one by one, transcribe it into a book, and make two copies, one for yourself and the court, and review it at the end of the year. A reward for a good job, a penalty for not completing it.

The emergence of the examination method made officials change their previous style and began to work hard, only to pass the examination at the end of the year, and their work efficiency was greatly improved.

Of course, the implementation of the examination method also depends on Zhang Juzheng's strict implementation. In fact, no matter how good the system is, if it is not implemented, it is nothing but empty talk.

With the hard work of Zhang Juzheng and the officials, the living standards of the people in the Wanli Dynasty have been improved for a long time.

It can also be said that it was Zhang Juzheng's arduous efforts that created the situation of "Wanli Zhongxing". 】

"The test method seems to be good!" Zhu Yuanzhang was thinking about how to reduce corruption and improve the work efficiency of officials during this time. When the test method came out, it was just sleepy and sent pillows. idea!"

Not only Zhu Yuanzhang, but also the emperors before the Wanli Dynasty began to evaluate this "examination method".

They found that not only the "one-whip method", but also the "examination method" seems to be applicable to their own regime,

"This home is really a genius!"

"A remarkable reform!"

"With these two methods, I have the confidence to create an unprecedentedly prosperous dynasty!"

(End of this chapter)