The sniper starts from the bright sword escape period

Chapter 432 The Grade Evolution of the Imperial Examination System

As for what Tongsheng is, we have to start with the evolution of the ranks of the ancient imperial examination system. You must know that no one is eligible to enter the capital to take the imperial examination as an official. If you want to enter the capital to take the imperial examination, you must first obtain a certain qualification qualifications.

This is like modern times, if you want to enter a university, you have to be a high school student first, and you have to go to a university to obtain a bachelor's degree if you are a graduate student.

As for management in modern times, that is, to become a public property circle, at least one must have an undergraduate degree, that is, to obtain a bachelor's degree. This is the same as the management in ancient times, at least one must have the status of Juren.

Of course, in so many dynasties in ancient times, the imperial examination hierarchy of each dynasty was not the same.

Imperial examinations sprouted in the Sui Dynasty, established in the Tang Dynasty, developed in the Song Dynasty, and perfected in the Ming Dynasty, and have been constantly developing and improving.From its establishment to its abolition in the late Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination system lasted for more than 1000 to [-] years, and it was the longest-lasting electoral system in ancient China.However, the imperial examinations in the past dynasties did not all have the same level of responsibility.

For example, the imperial examination system was invented, but the age was very short. After the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, candidates who participated in the imperial examination were mainly divided into two parts, namely students and tributes.The so-called shengtu refers to the students who graduated from the management school. They do not need to take the local examination, but directly take the "provincial examination"; After passing the test, go to the capital to take part in the "provincial test".

Among them, students can be divided into two categories:
A kind of graduates who graduated from imperial management studies. The official studies of the Tang Dynasty mainly included six institutions of higher learning: Guozixue, Taixue, Simenxue, Law, Calligraphy, and Mathematics, collectively referred to as "six schools".

However, it is not easy to enter these schools. They must be the children of senior executives. For example, if you want to enter Guozixue, your father must be at least a third-rank official of the imperial court. If you want to enter Taixue or Simenxue, you must be at least fifth-rank official.

The other is the graduates of local management schools, which mainly refer to the government-run schools established by the imperial court in various states and counties. Compared with the imperial government schools, the local government schools have lower requirements for the origin of the students, whether they are the children of officials or civilians. All the people can go to school.However, before enrolling, you must take the school's qualification examination, and those who pass can enter the school.

Of course, in order to directly participate in the provincial examination, one must not only study at a government school or a local government school, but also pass the graduation examination and obtain a "graduation certificate".

As for those students who failed to enter government schools, the imperial court also gave them a way out. As long as you feel that you are capable enough, you can go to the county to register by yourself, so as to participate in the selection exams held by the state and county. Solution test".

The "fajie test" can be subdivided into two levels, which are in charge of the county and state levels respectively: at the county level, the county lieutenant presides over the test, and those who pass the test will be issued a certificate by the county, and then they can take the state test.At the state level, Si Gong joins the army to preside over the examination, which is usually held in August and September, also known as "Qiu Wei". After passing the examination, the state will issue a "disclosure certificate" to those who pass.

Students who have obtained the "disclosure certificate" become "Xianggong", also known as Juzi, and have the qualifications to take the provincial examination.In addition, No. 1 in the state and county pre-test is called "Jie Yuan".

Before the start of the provincial examination, the imperial court will first review the qualifications of the examination. At this time, candidates who take the provincial examination need to provide a statement issued by the state government, and record personal details such as name, age, place of origin, name of paternal grandparents, official position of paternal grandparents, The "family status" of number, location, appearance, etc.Afterwards, the Ministry of Rites or the Ministry of Rites will conduct a unified review and release the rankings. Only students on the rankings can take the next exam.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the Provincial Examination Department was in charge of the Department of Examination of the Ministry of Officials of Shangshu Province, and the chief examiner was the meritorious examiner Wailang. After Tang Xuanzong, the provincial examination was in charge of the Ministry of Rites, and the chief examiner was the Minister of the Ministry of Rites.

At that time, the Ministry of Officials or the Ministry of Rites set up a Tribute Court, and all examinations, examinations, and announcements were made in the Tribute Court.After the exam is over, the rankings are usually released in February of the following year. Those who are admitted are called the first rank, or admitted, ranked, promoted, etc. No. 1 is called the "No. [-] scholar".

After the provincial examination is completed, those who pass the imperial examination pass the "official examination" of the Ministry of Officials, and those who pass are regarded as qualified to be officials, and the next step is to wait for the imperial court to dispatch officials.And if you are eager to contribute to the imperial court, you can also take the two examinations of the Ministry of Officials, "Bo Xue Hong Ci" and "Book Judgment Excellence", and you can be awarded an official immediately after passing.

After the Tang Dynasty, it was the imperial examination system of the Song Dynasty. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the two-level imperial examination system of the prefectural and county examinations and the provincial examination of the Ministry of Rites was basically the same as that of the Tang Dynasty. Until the sixth year of Kaibao, that is, In [-] A.D., due to the outbreak of the "Li Fang imperial examination case", Song Taizu personally held a re-examination in the Jiangwu Hall, and re-issued the list to recruit talents.Since then, the palace examination has officially become a custom, and since then the three-level examination system in feudal society has been established.

Try it out.It is mainly in charge of the prefectures, Kaifeng government and Guozijian, and it is generally held in autumn, also known as "Qiubin".During the state examination, the judges of the states presided over the examinations of the scholars who applied for Jinshi, and the military recorders presided over the examinations of the remaining subjects.If the examiner does not understand the meaning of the scriptures, an official at the next level can be selected, but the examination must be invigilated by a judge.The test paper should be stamped with the seal of "officer", and the examiner and invigilator should also sign at the back of the test paper.If a cheating candidate is found, he will be expelled on the spot, and the examiner will be severely punished for accepting bribes and cheating.Those who pass can be called "Juzi" or "Gongsheng".

Save the test.It is generally held in the spring of the following year. After arriving in the capital, "Gongsheng" must first report to the Ministry of Rites and submit personal information such as family status, age, place of origin, and the number of times they have participated in the imperial examination, so as to obtain the qualification for the examination.Afterwards, the Ministry of Rites will first issue the "Du Bang" to arrange the seats for the candidates.The chief examiner of the Provincial Examination in the Song Dynasty was appointed by the emperor, usually served by the six ministers and Hanlin bachelors, assisted by Shi Lang and Ji Shizhong.

palace test.Held in the same year as the provincial examination, it is actually a re-examination of the provincial examination, but different from later generations, the palace examination in the Song Dynasty will eliminate candidates, that is to say, even if they pass the provincial examination, they may be eliminated in the palace examination.During Song Taizu's time, only Poetry and Fu were tested, and during Taizong's time, a section of Poetry and Fu was added. After Song Shenzong Xining's reign, the three topics of Poetry, Fu, and Theory were cancelled. settle a lawsuit.During the reign of Zhezong Yuanyou, the three topics of poetry, Fu and theory were restored.After Shaosheng, he followed the system of Xining's trial strategy.In the second year of Emperor Gaozong's Jianyan, it was stipulated that the palace should test the policy, and it will not be changed until the end of the Southern Song Dynasty.

After the palace examination in the Song Dynasty, the students had the qualifications to be officials, and the civil examination in the Tang Dynasty was cancelled.At the same time, Fajie Examination No.1 is still called "Jieyuan", Provincial Examination No.1 is renamed "Provincial Yuan", and Palace Examination No.1 is called "Zhuangyuan". Since then, "Lianzhong Sanyuan" has become the highest pursuit of scholars .

In the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination system was further improved. While the imperial examination grades were improved, systems such as sealing and transcription were added to prevent imperial examination fraud.

(End of this chapter)