big song poppi
Chapter 295 0292 [Issue Banknotes]
Chapter 295 0292 [Issue Banknotes]
As Han Zhen finished speaking, there was silence in the hall.
Everyone is savoring the impact and changes brought about by the expansion of the land.
After a while, Xie Ding finally came back to his senses, looked at Han Zhen with admiration, and said with a sincere expression: "The county magistrate is wise, and sharing a small family with a small family is the cornerstone of a strong country!"
How could Zhao Ting let go of this opportunity and shot out a rainbow fart: "What Xie Shangshu said is true. Once the system of dividing people into acres is implemented, redundant taxes and miscellaneous taxes will be wiped out. In just a few years, our Shandong province will definitely have a large population." The county is prosperous and the people are prosperous, like the rising sun in the east, unstoppable. The admiration of the humble ministers for the county magistrate is like the endless flow of a torrential river."
Liu Mi and others also spoke one after another, praising Han Zhen as a living sage.
Putting aside the flattery factor, they were really impressed by the idea of sharing the same family.
Completely integrate the chaotic taxation, make it efficient and concise, and at the same time prevent officials from getting involved as much as possible.
It has to be said that Zhang Juzheng is indeed worthy of being called the pillar of ZTE.
In fact, whether it is the sharing of one person per mu or the household system, any policy is the crystallization of the wisdom of many capable ministers and officials.
At the same time, any policy needs to be implemented by clear-minded grassroots officials and subordinate staff.
For example, in the Qing Dynasty, when it was first implemented, the effect was very good, and the population exploded in a short period of time.
But within a few years, due to the lack of supervision, subordinates and officials began to exploit loopholes and find ways to make money.
The reason why Han Zhen dared to implement the idea of dividing the working class into a single family was due to his successful restructuring of the subordinate staff.
In addition, the supervision of the Supervisory Office and the cooperation of the two can ensure the continuous and smooth implementation of the policy.
When the voices in the hall subsided, Han Zhen continued: "In addition, when taxes are paid in the future, all the losses will be returned to the public!"
Everyone was shocked, understanding that this was completely blocking the gray income of local governments.
The tax reform, allocating people into acres, plus returning fire to the public, are three things in parallel. In the future, whether it is a subordinate or an official, it will not be so easy to reach out to the people to make money.
"The county magistrate is wise!"
Liu Mi was the first to speak, and the others followed suit.
Han Zhen ordered: "Since everyone has no objections, the cabinet will draft a document and issue it to all states and counties, and implement it in every county and every village as soon as possible."
Hearing this, Xie Ding hesitated and said: "County Magistrate, it is good to spread the land into acres, but if it is too radical, the gentry and landlords everywhere will be angry and boycott. I think it can be piloted in Qingzhou first, and then gradually extended to the whole of Shandong." .”
The interests of the gentry and landowners will definitely be affected if they divide the land into acres.
Because they have more fields in their name, although the taxes are less, the gifts they can bear have increased.
There are two kinds of taxes, one is corvee and the other is Ding tax.
The so-called Ding tax is a per capita fee. Adult men in the family have to pay a fixed amount of money every year, which has nothing to do with the family's harvest.
Even if you get nothing this year, you still have to pay this head fee.
But this kind of small tax is actually unfair. The essence of tax is the transfer of wealth. It should be linked to income and family property. People with more wealth should bear more taxes.
Therefore, after the implementation of apportionment of ding into acres, the ding tax was abolished and integrated into the land tax.
Whoever has more fields will pay more.
Han Zhen's operation was equivalent to passing on the wealth of many landless and poor peasants with little land to them, and the gentry and landlords were naturally unwilling to do so.
In fact, this was also the case during the Qing Dynasty. The gentry and landlords hated Yongzheng so much that they often arranged to smear him.
So much so that many literati lost their composure and insisted on describing the prosperous era of Kangxi and Qianlong, except Yongzheng was deliberately omitted.
Xie Ding's idea was correct, and his starting point was also good. He would pilot it in Qingzhou first. After all, Qingzhou was Han Zhen's home base and had little resistance to reform.
After a year or two of piloting, it will be slowly implemented throughout Shandong. This will be a spring breeze.
But Han Zhen did not intend to adopt it. He waved his hand and said in a tough tone: "No, I want to see whether it is the tough words of those gentry and landlords or the tough steel swords of my Qingzhou Army officers!"
The general trend is mine, so why wait for more than ten years for the spring breeze to turn into rain.
Use thunderous means to kill anyone who dares to take the lead!
Gentlemen and landowners don’t need to feel bad. After killing one group, another group will appear soon.
"The minister has no objection."
Hearing the strong murderous intent in Han Zhen's words, Xie Ding sighed in his heart and had no choice but to respond.
In addition to benefiting the poor, this tax reform also contains a deeper intention.
Han Zhen wanted to take this opportunity to let the wealthy businessmen, gentry and landowners take their eyes away from the fields and focus on industry and commerce.
Throughout the dynasties, there was only one reason for their demise: land annexation.
There is no way, the Chinese people's affection for the land is so deep that it is almost engraved in their genes.
After getting rich, the first thought is to buy land.
The emperor enclosed the land, the ministers also enclosed the land, and the same was true for the wealthy families. How much land was left for the common people to cultivate?
They must take their eyes away from the land.
In tax reform, dividing a small family into an equal amount is only the first punch.
Next, there will be a second punch, a third punch...
After a whole set of punch combinations, Han Zhen didn't believe that he couldn't defeat these people.
"The minister takes orders!"
Zhao Ting, the right-hand servant of the cabinet, has spoken out and has made a final decision to implement the idea of dividing children into mothers.
After finishing the topic, Han Zhen turned his attention to Su Zhaode and asked: "How is the compilation of the Commercial Code going?"
Su Zhaode had a confused look on his face: "Reporting to the county magistrate, we have only drafted an outline and the details are still being finalized."
Han Zhen said seriously: "Let's put the business code aside for now. I have a more important errand that I'm going to give you." "Please give me the county magistrate's instructions."
Su Zhaode looked solemn, waiting for Han Zhen's next words.
Han Zhen looked around at the crowd and said loudly: "I am going to establish a central bank and issue banknotes."
bank?
This trendy vocabulary made everyone stunned.
Seeing this, Han Zhen explained: "You can understand the so-called bank as a bank."
Oh!
The crowd suddenly stunned.
It was said that the bank was confused, but when it came to the bank, they understood.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a bank, and it was an official bank. Its full name was a credit-free bank.
However, compared with later banks, mortgage offices were much simpler. Their main function was to provide loans to private institutions or ordinary people.
According to "Huiyao of the Song Dynasty": "The capital will set up four pawnshops, and the pledge of gold and silk will be exchanged for cash, and the monthly interest will be two cents."
The monthly interest rate is one cent, which is an annual rate of 24%.
This profit is not low, but in the Song Dynasty where loan sharks are everywhere, not giving you 30% is considered very conscientious.
The monks at Daxiangguo Temple lend money at a monthly interest rate of four cents.
Liu Mi looked worried and said: "County magistrate, I have no objection to establishing a bank and issuing banknotes. Is it a bit risky? The incident of Zhao and Song Jiaozi caused people to panic. The big businessmen have already become frightened birds, fearing them like tigers and leopards."
A trace of surprise flashed in Xie Ding's eyes. He originally thought that Han Zhen had already talked with the Ministry of Finance and the Academy of Commerce in private.
But looking at the reactions of Liu Mi and Su Zhaode, it was obvious that they did not know the inside story at all.
"Liu Shangshu's words make sense. The county magistrate should think twice."
Zhao Ting also spoke to persuade.
Jiaozi was originally a credit currency created by merchants in Shu to facilitate transactions.
Later, Jiaozi's credit went bankrupt due to a run on the company.
After Xue Tian became the prefect of Yizhou, he conducted research and reported to the court for approval, and decided to put the previously private Jiaozi shop under government management, and the government was responsible for issuing "Guanjiaozi".
With official endorsement, Jiaozi began to circulate again.
But the problem is that Zhao Song has too many tricks.
In order to deal with the Xixia people, there were hundreds of thousands of forbidden troops in the five villages in the northwest. The northwest was barren, and food and grass had to be transported from the central plains and the south. Logistics supply became a major problem for the Zhao and Song Dynasties.
So, Zhao Song's first cool operation came, handing over the transportation of grain and grass to merchants, and then paying with Jiaozi.
But the Zhao and Song Dynasties only gave Jiaozi an equal amount of copper coins, gold and silver in Jiaozi's shop. In other words, the merchants responsible for transporting grain and grass got all bad checks.
The key is that these short-term transactions can be used normally in Shu, which is equivalent to over-issuance.
If it's just once or twice, it doesn't matter.
But the Zhao and Song Dynasties tasted the sweetness and started the second saucy operation, frantically issuing more Jiaozi to make up for the financial losses.
As a result, Jiaozi naturally collapsed again.
Countless businessmen went bankrupt as a result, and mourning flooded the land in Sichuan.
After two consecutive credit bankruptcies, businessmen Zhao and Song are now in a state of affairs.
This is why Zhao Ting and Liu Mi tried to dissuade Han Zhen even at the risk of angering him.
"I know what happened with Jiaozi. It was actually the greed of the Zhao and Song Dynasties that eventually led to the disaster."
Han Zhen smiled slightly and said in a soft tone: "The bank only needs to strictly control the issuance of banknotes and link it to the production of gold, silver, grain and even salt, and it will be foolproof."
Xie Ding muttered: "If we can strictly monitor it, it would be feasible."
To put it bluntly, paper currency is a trust currency. As long as supervision is in place and the court does not act randomly, there will be no trouble.
The kind of Ming Dynasty treasure banknotes that only print and don't care about anything else are not banknotes.
Han Zhen said loudly: "We will print as many banknotes as there are gold, silver, money, grain and grass in the Ministry of Household Affairs, and as much refined salt and coarse salt as there are in several salt farms such as Guangling. No more coins will be printed. At the same time, exchange for gold and silver is not allowed in the short term."
The short-term exchange of gold and silver is not allowed to prevent bank runs. As for copper coins, you can exchange them at will.
Because whether it is grain, grass or salt, it can be converted into copper coins at any time.
But gold and silver are different and are still scarce currencies today.
After a few years, when merchants became completely accustomed to using banknotes, they no longer wanted to exchange them.
By then, the banknotes in their hands will be the same as gold and silver, so why should they change them?
Seeing that Han Zhen was so well prepared, Zhao Ting and others' worries gradually dissipated, and they began to make plans.
"Weichen believes that banknotes must be exquisitely made in order to attract businessmen."
"Anti-counterfeiting is the key point. Zhao Song is determined to destroy me. If they find out, they may summon craftsmen to forge a large number of banknotes."
"Wei Chen agrees that preventing counterfeiting is the top priority."
"The banknotes still need a loud and catchy name. The name Jiaozi has completely stinked and we will never use it again."
"I think the focus should be on how to guide businessmen to use banknotes."
Please readers, please help the author think of a name for the banknotes, I would be very grateful!
(End of this chapter)
As Han Zhen finished speaking, there was silence in the hall.
Everyone is savoring the impact and changes brought about by the expansion of the land.
After a while, Xie Ding finally came back to his senses, looked at Han Zhen with admiration, and said with a sincere expression: "The county magistrate is wise, and sharing a small family with a small family is the cornerstone of a strong country!"
How could Zhao Ting let go of this opportunity and shot out a rainbow fart: "What Xie Shangshu said is true. Once the system of dividing people into acres is implemented, redundant taxes and miscellaneous taxes will be wiped out. In just a few years, our Shandong province will definitely have a large population." The county is prosperous and the people are prosperous, like the rising sun in the east, unstoppable. The admiration of the humble ministers for the county magistrate is like the endless flow of a torrential river."
Liu Mi and others also spoke one after another, praising Han Zhen as a living sage.
Putting aside the flattery factor, they were really impressed by the idea of sharing the same family.
Completely integrate the chaotic taxation, make it efficient and concise, and at the same time prevent officials from getting involved as much as possible.
It has to be said that Zhang Juzheng is indeed worthy of being called the pillar of ZTE.
In fact, whether it is the sharing of one person per mu or the household system, any policy is the crystallization of the wisdom of many capable ministers and officials.
At the same time, any policy needs to be implemented by clear-minded grassroots officials and subordinate staff.
For example, in the Qing Dynasty, when it was first implemented, the effect was very good, and the population exploded in a short period of time.
But within a few years, due to the lack of supervision, subordinates and officials began to exploit loopholes and find ways to make money.
The reason why Han Zhen dared to implement the idea of dividing the working class into a single family was due to his successful restructuring of the subordinate staff.
In addition, the supervision of the Supervisory Office and the cooperation of the two can ensure the continuous and smooth implementation of the policy.
When the voices in the hall subsided, Han Zhen continued: "In addition, when taxes are paid in the future, all the losses will be returned to the public!"
Everyone was shocked, understanding that this was completely blocking the gray income of local governments.
The tax reform, allocating people into acres, plus returning fire to the public, are three things in parallel. In the future, whether it is a subordinate or an official, it will not be so easy to reach out to the people to make money.
"The county magistrate is wise!"
Liu Mi was the first to speak, and the others followed suit.
Han Zhen ordered: "Since everyone has no objections, the cabinet will draft a document and issue it to all states and counties, and implement it in every county and every village as soon as possible."
Hearing this, Xie Ding hesitated and said: "County Magistrate, it is good to spread the land into acres, but if it is too radical, the gentry and landlords everywhere will be angry and boycott. I think it can be piloted in Qingzhou first, and then gradually extended to the whole of Shandong." .”
The interests of the gentry and landowners will definitely be affected if they divide the land into acres.
Because they have more fields in their name, although the taxes are less, the gifts they can bear have increased.
There are two kinds of taxes, one is corvee and the other is Ding tax.
The so-called Ding tax is a per capita fee. Adult men in the family have to pay a fixed amount of money every year, which has nothing to do with the family's harvest.
Even if you get nothing this year, you still have to pay this head fee.
But this kind of small tax is actually unfair. The essence of tax is the transfer of wealth. It should be linked to income and family property. People with more wealth should bear more taxes.
Therefore, after the implementation of apportionment of ding into acres, the ding tax was abolished and integrated into the land tax.
Whoever has more fields will pay more.
Han Zhen's operation was equivalent to passing on the wealth of many landless and poor peasants with little land to them, and the gentry and landlords were naturally unwilling to do so.
In fact, this was also the case during the Qing Dynasty. The gentry and landlords hated Yongzheng so much that they often arranged to smear him.
So much so that many literati lost their composure and insisted on describing the prosperous era of Kangxi and Qianlong, except Yongzheng was deliberately omitted.
Xie Ding's idea was correct, and his starting point was also good. He would pilot it in Qingzhou first. After all, Qingzhou was Han Zhen's home base and had little resistance to reform.
After a year or two of piloting, it will be slowly implemented throughout Shandong. This will be a spring breeze.
But Han Zhen did not intend to adopt it. He waved his hand and said in a tough tone: "No, I want to see whether it is the tough words of those gentry and landlords or the tough steel swords of my Qingzhou Army officers!"
The general trend is mine, so why wait for more than ten years for the spring breeze to turn into rain.
Use thunderous means to kill anyone who dares to take the lead!
Gentlemen and landowners don’t need to feel bad. After killing one group, another group will appear soon.
"The minister has no objection."
Hearing the strong murderous intent in Han Zhen's words, Xie Ding sighed in his heart and had no choice but to respond.
In addition to benefiting the poor, this tax reform also contains a deeper intention.
Han Zhen wanted to take this opportunity to let the wealthy businessmen, gentry and landowners take their eyes away from the fields and focus on industry and commerce.
Throughout the dynasties, there was only one reason for their demise: land annexation.
There is no way, the Chinese people's affection for the land is so deep that it is almost engraved in their genes.
After getting rich, the first thought is to buy land.
The emperor enclosed the land, the ministers also enclosed the land, and the same was true for the wealthy families. How much land was left for the common people to cultivate?
They must take their eyes away from the land.
In tax reform, dividing a small family into an equal amount is only the first punch.
Next, there will be a second punch, a third punch...
After a whole set of punch combinations, Han Zhen didn't believe that he couldn't defeat these people.
"The minister takes orders!"
Zhao Ting, the right-hand servant of the cabinet, has spoken out and has made a final decision to implement the idea of dividing children into mothers.
After finishing the topic, Han Zhen turned his attention to Su Zhaode and asked: "How is the compilation of the Commercial Code going?"
Su Zhaode had a confused look on his face: "Reporting to the county magistrate, we have only drafted an outline and the details are still being finalized."
Han Zhen said seriously: "Let's put the business code aside for now. I have a more important errand that I'm going to give you." "Please give me the county magistrate's instructions."
Su Zhaode looked solemn, waiting for Han Zhen's next words.
Han Zhen looked around at the crowd and said loudly: "I am going to establish a central bank and issue banknotes."
bank?
This trendy vocabulary made everyone stunned.
Seeing this, Han Zhen explained: "You can understand the so-called bank as a bank."
Oh!
The crowd suddenly stunned.
It was said that the bank was confused, but when it came to the bank, they understood.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a bank, and it was an official bank. Its full name was a credit-free bank.
However, compared with later banks, mortgage offices were much simpler. Their main function was to provide loans to private institutions or ordinary people.
According to "Huiyao of the Song Dynasty": "The capital will set up four pawnshops, and the pledge of gold and silk will be exchanged for cash, and the monthly interest will be two cents."
The monthly interest rate is one cent, which is an annual rate of 24%.
This profit is not low, but in the Song Dynasty where loan sharks are everywhere, not giving you 30% is considered very conscientious.
The monks at Daxiangguo Temple lend money at a monthly interest rate of four cents.
Liu Mi looked worried and said: "County magistrate, I have no objection to establishing a bank and issuing banknotes. Is it a bit risky? The incident of Zhao and Song Jiaozi caused people to panic. The big businessmen have already become frightened birds, fearing them like tigers and leopards."
A trace of surprise flashed in Xie Ding's eyes. He originally thought that Han Zhen had already talked with the Ministry of Finance and the Academy of Commerce in private.
But looking at the reactions of Liu Mi and Su Zhaode, it was obvious that they did not know the inside story at all.
"Liu Shangshu's words make sense. The county magistrate should think twice."
Zhao Ting also spoke to persuade.
Jiaozi was originally a credit currency created by merchants in Shu to facilitate transactions.
Later, Jiaozi's credit went bankrupt due to a run on the company.
After Xue Tian became the prefect of Yizhou, he conducted research and reported to the court for approval, and decided to put the previously private Jiaozi shop under government management, and the government was responsible for issuing "Guanjiaozi".
With official endorsement, Jiaozi began to circulate again.
But the problem is that Zhao Song has too many tricks.
In order to deal with the Xixia people, there were hundreds of thousands of forbidden troops in the five villages in the northwest. The northwest was barren, and food and grass had to be transported from the central plains and the south. Logistics supply became a major problem for the Zhao and Song Dynasties.
So, Zhao Song's first cool operation came, handing over the transportation of grain and grass to merchants, and then paying with Jiaozi.
But the Zhao and Song Dynasties only gave Jiaozi an equal amount of copper coins, gold and silver in Jiaozi's shop. In other words, the merchants responsible for transporting grain and grass got all bad checks.
The key is that these short-term transactions can be used normally in Shu, which is equivalent to over-issuance.
If it's just once or twice, it doesn't matter.
But the Zhao and Song Dynasties tasted the sweetness and started the second saucy operation, frantically issuing more Jiaozi to make up for the financial losses.
As a result, Jiaozi naturally collapsed again.
Countless businessmen went bankrupt as a result, and mourning flooded the land in Sichuan.
After two consecutive credit bankruptcies, businessmen Zhao and Song are now in a state of affairs.
This is why Zhao Ting and Liu Mi tried to dissuade Han Zhen even at the risk of angering him.
"I know what happened with Jiaozi. It was actually the greed of the Zhao and Song Dynasties that eventually led to the disaster."
Han Zhen smiled slightly and said in a soft tone: "The bank only needs to strictly control the issuance of banknotes and link it to the production of gold, silver, grain and even salt, and it will be foolproof."
Xie Ding muttered: "If we can strictly monitor it, it would be feasible."
To put it bluntly, paper currency is a trust currency. As long as supervision is in place and the court does not act randomly, there will be no trouble.
The kind of Ming Dynasty treasure banknotes that only print and don't care about anything else are not banknotes.
Han Zhen said loudly: "We will print as many banknotes as there are gold, silver, money, grain and grass in the Ministry of Household Affairs, and as much refined salt and coarse salt as there are in several salt farms such as Guangling. No more coins will be printed. At the same time, exchange for gold and silver is not allowed in the short term."
The short-term exchange of gold and silver is not allowed to prevent bank runs. As for copper coins, you can exchange them at will.
Because whether it is grain, grass or salt, it can be converted into copper coins at any time.
But gold and silver are different and are still scarce currencies today.
After a few years, when merchants became completely accustomed to using banknotes, they no longer wanted to exchange them.
By then, the banknotes in their hands will be the same as gold and silver, so why should they change them?
Seeing that Han Zhen was so well prepared, Zhao Ting and others' worries gradually dissipated, and they began to make plans.
"Weichen believes that banknotes must be exquisitely made in order to attract businessmen."
"Anti-counterfeiting is the key point. Zhao Song is determined to destroy me. If they find out, they may summon craftsmen to forge a large number of banknotes."
"Wei Chen agrees that preventing counterfeiting is the top priority."
"The banknotes still need a loud and catchy name. The name Jiaozi has completely stinked and we will never use it again."
"I think the focus should be on how to guide businessmen to use banknotes."
Please readers, please help the author think of a name for the banknotes, I would be very grateful!
(End of this chapter)
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