Live appraising treasures, I became a national treasure expert?

The weather is getting colder and the New Year is getting closer.

It snowed twice in Beijing. It was quite white when it first fell, but after a few days of sunshine, it felt like everything was dark.

Just standing in the yard for a while, and then walking into the hall, there will be two footprints left on the marble tiles.

Zhang Hanguang stretched his neck to take a look through the glass.

The two separated, and Li Ding'an entered the hall, while Yu Huiyin put his hands in the pockets of his coat and walked towards the TV station.

Li Ding'an glanced at him: "What are you looking at? Come up!"

"Oh..." He nodded and ran into the elevator, "What do you want me to do with you?"

"Nothing, just asking me if I'll be back for lunch at noon!"

"Tsk, it's really convenient. It's right out the door!" Zhang Hanguang looked at the State Council dormitory opposite, "Why don't you just move here? Isn't it more convenient?"

Convenient for your size?
For convenience, wouldn't it be more convenient for me to live in the Supervisory Committee?
It’s not like there are no dormitories.

Li Ding'an didn't bother to tell him and entered the elevator.

The elevator went straight to the tenth floor. As soon as the door opened, Guo Bin poked his head out of the office.

Li Ding'an looked at his watch: "Am I late?"

"No!" Guo Bin shook his head hastily, "It's still early!"

"Are all the teachers here?"

"Just arrived too!"

It's true that he wasn't late, but it was indeed rude for him to be the last to ask for help.

Li Ding'an sighed: "Let's go then!"

Guo Bin nodded and entered the conference room with Li Ding'an.

Zhang Hanguang didn't understand when he went in, so he turned a corner and entered Li Ding'an's temporary office...

……

The conference room was full of people, all experts in special porcelain research.

There are special ceramics experts invited from Zhongzhuang and Lingyun, as well as professors from ShangSi (Shanghai Ceramic Research Institute). The reason why we are all here today is because of one thing: the research progress is stuck.

No, that’s not right. To be more precise: I can’t get started at all. I don’t know how to start.

Li Ding'an couldn't figure it out, so he had to find someone for help...

He lowered his posture and greeted everyone one by one. After being polite for a while, the meeting got down to business.

A member of the project team stood up and began to report: "Our team is responsible for piezoelectric ceramics. From December 5th to today, nearly two months later, we have set up a stage.

But after we started researching, we discovered that our starting data was very different from the expected value... This is the experimental and calculated data of the past week. Teachers and leaders can take a look at it first..."

The so-called piezoelectric ceramics refer to ceramic materials with dielectric properties and elastic-pressure properties. The more common applications are those on high-voltage power towers.

Less common applications include piezoelectric detonators for launching high-voltage anti-tank shells, anti-nuclear goggles, and submarine sonar devices, etc.

Among them, lead titanate ceramics have the best performance and are the most widely used.

They are all professional, and the information has been distributed in advance. Just by glancing at the data, you can get an overview:
Polarization electric field, applicable temperature, time, polarization effect, and electromechanical coupling coefficient...

After looking at it for a while, an expert's eyes widened: "D31-5.8, G31-3.2... Is this lead titanate?"

Li Ding'an nodded: "It's just the expected final parameters..."

Before he finished speaking, he was interrupted: "The final parameters are not good either... You are smelting iron, can it be turned into copper for you when it comes out of the furnace?"

Being choked, Li Dingan didn't know how to explain.

The experts are right, but the performance parameters of those bottles of imitation Luohan porcelain are exactly this value.

He tried his best to smile: "Professor Ren, what suggestions do you have?"

"No!" Professor Ren shook his head, "Unless other elements are added to evolve from a binary system to a ternary system, it is absolutely impossible..."

Other experts also chimed in.

Guo Bin was stunned and looked at Li Ding'an again.

He shook his head, his meaning was obvious: You see, I’m useless.

If I could solve it, I wouldn't let you invite so many experts to come and watch my jokes.

Guo Bin had no choice but to signal to the second person.

"Our team is responsible for PZT, please give us your advice!"

The so-called PZT is actually lead zirconate titanate, which is also a binary piezoelectric ceramic, but its parameters are infinitely close to ternary. To put it more simply, the lead titanate mentioned by the previous team member has zirconium added to it.

It has a wide range of uses, such as Chang'e-3, fourth-generation aircraft laser gyroscope, Long March launch vehicle...

"Look, with only zirconium added, aren't the parameters you just requested met?" Just after he praised him, the expert said "Hey" again, "The electromechanical coupling coefficient is 0.26~0.80?"

Li Ding'an actually nodded again. The expert was stunned and a sentence stuck in his throat: Are you kidding me?
Piezoelectric porcelain with this coefficient is only used in weapons that are not allowed to be used.

Of course, it's not that it can't be made, but it's not necessary. It's the same as using anti-aircraft guns to kill mosquitoes...

Other experts also looked at each other.

Well, there’s no need to ask this time, there’s definitely no way to solve it.

Guo Bin sighed, and the third team member stood up: "Our group is responsible for sensitive ceramics. The main experimental sample is lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) electro-optical ceramics... However, after preliminary tests and analysis, regardless of pores, grain boundary phases and anisotropic No one of the opposite sex can meet Teacher Li’s requirements..."

Everyone was stunned. They didn't even look at the materials, and all looked over here.

After working on it for a long time, these outrageous data requests were all given by you?

No...Teacher Li, this is research, not your imagination, let alone your sudden inspiration and your taking it for granted.

Someone couldn't help but pointed to the numerical values ​​in the information: "Teacher Li, do you have any theoretical basis for the parameters you require?"

Li Ding'an shook his head: "No!"

I want to have a theoretical basis. Director Guo has already started to create it. Why do I need to backtrack and study it?
Everyone was in an uproar and wanted to curse: Then what did you say?
Don’t blame the experts for being angry: there is no basis for this, but the team members are required to meet the requirements. How can they achieve it?

Is it a slap on the forehead, or is the data falsified?

I knew it would be like this...

Li Ding'an sighed: "Teachers, we do not have the evidence, but we do have samples!"

Some experts were stunned for a moment and suddenly realized: "Are you doing reverse cracking based on the finished product?"

"Correct!"

"Where's the progress?"

Li Ding'an sighed: "This is what teachers have in hand!"

You call this progress?

This is called failure before it even starts, okay?
They finally understood why the gap between the initial data and the expected data was so big, because they had done it before.

For example: a piece of special ceramics with the same ingredients, but due to the stages of batching, grinding, mixing, pre-firing, secondary grinding, granulation, molding, molding, re-firing, electrodes...etc. Different, which will lead to huge differences in the values ​​of the piezoelectric effect, dielectric effect, elastic pressure effect, conduction effect, light transmission effect, etc. of the finished product.

If you want to find the reason and make up for the gap between your own materials and other people's materials, the most common method is reverse reduction: the multi-element system is reduced to the few-element system, and then reduced to the quaternary system, the ternary system, the binary system, and so on... At each stage, various values ​​will be tested, and when nothing can be repaid, the forward restoration will be carried out.

Anyone who has done it knows that although the same physical materials are restored after the second restoration, the final values ​​are definitely even more outrageous than the gap between one's own materials and those of others.

The reasons are complicated, but the result is one: the more high-tech something is, the harder it is to clone it, otherwise the world will be full of F-35s and B-2s...

They seemed to know Li Ding'an's purpose in inviting them here: to find a solution.

But to be honest, there is really no way unless there is key technical data...

Immediately, someone became interested: "Teacher Li, can you tell me where the samples were obtained, north or west?"

He was talking about Russia, Ukraine and the Middle East.

Li Ding'an said without thinking: "Vietnam!"

Vietnam, where did the high-precision weapons from Europe and the United States come from?

"What type is it... Of course, if you can't tell me, just pretend I didn't ask!"

What can't be said about this?
Li Ding'an sighed: "The porcelain, to be more precise, is it a porcelain statue of Arhat?"

What the hell?
One by one, all the invited experts and professors looked confused.

They really want to ask: Li Ding'an, do you know where the three materials just mentioned are used?
New tanks, nuclear submarines, laser cannons, new fighters, space shuttles, moon landing rockets...

You brought a porcelain...no, a porcelain statue?

What are you talking about?

Although he had expected it, Li Dingan just wanted to laugh when he saw the expressions of a group of old experts whose eyes almost bulged out.

He lowered his head, bit his lip, and pretended to flip through the information in front of him: "There is an introduction in it, teachers, you can take a look!"

What?
Like a machine equipped with a switch, everyone lowered their heads.

Indeed there is.

But from the very beginning, when the data introduced by the first group were so outrageous, all the experts were just surprised and did not read the data carefully.

At this time, I took another look, what is this?
LHED-05 is a milky white porcelain piece with a rather peculiar shape. The more it looks, the more it looks like an ear.

And this, zzzj-01, isn’t this a finger?
And this piece is triangular in shape, with two black spots at the bottom, which are clearly the nostrils...

Looking at the test data, each group has a corresponding sample, and each piece is similar.

Really a porcelain statue?

No, is there something wrong with your brain?

This is military technology, the worst application field, and it is also the world's leading high-tech civilian technology. Are you using it to make porcelain statues?
One expert exhaled sharply: "Who did this?"

Guo Bin knocked on the table: "This must be kept secret!"

"Okay, then I won't ask...but what's the point?"

Li Ding'an nodded: "Fake!"

"What?"

The expert thought he heard it wrong.

"Making imitation ancient porcelain," Li Ding'an explained again, "is also used to make fake antiques!"

"what's the effect?"

The effect has been great.

"Every teacher knows that PbTiO3, that is, lead titanate, is mainly used as a high-frequency filter oscillator. Therefore, if lead titanate is contained in porcelain, it will affect all detection instruments such as energy conversion and thermoluminescence...

To put it simply: as long as the counterfeiter is willing, he can date the thermoluminescent instrument to as long as he wants, including the Paleolithic period..."

“Where did the porcelain come from in the Paleolithic period?”

The experts burst into laughter. Li Dingan smiled and continued:
"Let's look at the second type, lead zirconate titanate. This is a piezoelectric ceramic. Its main function is to affect spectral instruments. For example, various types of spectrum analyzers, elemental analyzers...

By the same token, if a counterfeiter wants to date it to that year, he can date it to that year... It's just a question of how much lead zirconate titanate content is in the porcelain..."

"The third type is lead lanthanum zirconate titanate, which is an electro-optical ceramic. Its biggest function is to change the porosity, crystal phase, and transparency of the ceramic... When applied to antiques, it is used to affect all pore types, density, and structure. Class instrument...

Again, as long as the counterfeiter is willing, the instrument can detect whatever data he wants..."

"But there are also detection instruments for rare earth elements. How will it affect it?"

Li Ding'an smiled: "Professor Tong, these instruments you mentioned only exist in the fields of high-tech research, military research, antiques and cultural relics inspection, and they are really not needed..."

Not to mention using it, not to mention seeing it, not even hearing it.

Go to any antique appraisal agency in the capital and tell them the names of these instruments. You will be sure that none of the experts will be confused.

Therefore, no one would even think of using this instrument to identify antiques.

No one would have thought that someone would use sophisticated military technology to counterfeit antiques.

Based on this alone, Li Ding'an wanted to give Lin Ziliang a thumbs up.

"But that's not right?"

Another expert raised his hand: "How do the counterfeiters know the various data of real antiques?"

Tsk, I didn’t see it, does this person really understand?

You really need to know the real data of the genuine product, otherwise everything else is easy to say, but the density and structure data will definitely not match up.

Lin Ziliang also knows for sure: He has stayed in the Forbidden City for eight full years. What kind of antique fingerprint database has he not used?

It's really not difficult to make a copy...

But Li Ding'an couldn't say, because there are only two databases on porcelain in the country, the Forbidden City and the National Museum. After this person went down, he could guess who did it just by asking a little bit.

He opened his mouth and made up: "He must be blind to data like density: because this is a three-color Arhat statue from Liao Dynasty. There are only nine bottles in the world and they are scattered in ten countries. They are all regarded as valuable treasures. It is impossible for anyone to take out a sample." Build a database..."

"So that's it?" The expert sighed, "What a talent!"

Isn’t that just talent?

It was just a lead titanate, but Lin Ziliang played tricks on it: without adding anything, it could deceive thermoluminescence.

Add some zirconium to form lead zirconate titanate, which can fool the spectrometer. Add some lanthanum to form lanthanum lead zirconate titanate, which can fool the porosimeter and devitrification meter.

The three categories of energy-converting thermoluminescence, spectral elements, and pore density devitrification cover almost all antique identification instruments. What’s more, he also knows the world’s most advanced and comprehensive porcelain database. .

In other words, as long as Lin Ziliang is willing, there is no antique appraisal instrument that he cannot deceive.

It is no exaggeration at all. Lin Ziliang is truly invincible in the field of porcelain counterfeiting.

So Li Ding'an felt that it was not unfair at all for him to take such a big risk to get him out...

Just as he was gloating about his misfortune, "Bang", an old expert from Shangsi slapped the table: "Isn't it a waste of talent for such talents to fake porcelain?"

"Who says it's not?"

Guo Bin responded and winked at Li Ding'an: I'm talking about you!
Does it have something to do with me?

Li Ding did not see the installation... (End of chapter)