sultan's crescent

Chapter 85 Finance and Education (two chapters in one)

"The first is the reform of the tax law. The empire's original tax types are the following four.

Cultivated land tax: The empire will collect taxes and fees on the cultivation of private land. The tax amount depends on the quality of the land and the cultivation method, crops and output.

Commercial tax: The tax imposed by the empire on merchants and commercial activities. The tax amount is usually calculated according to the transaction value. It has to be said that this set of tax laws is extremely rigid until now.

Almost all merchants traveling to and from the empire had means of tax evasion, especially Armenians, Greeks and Jews.

The commercial tax, which had been the mainstay of imperial taxation in the fifteenth century, is now inferior to the tax subsidy system before it.

Public taxation: The empire rents out some specific administrative departments, public services, and franchises to private individuals to obtain certain tax revenues.

Regarding this article, I can only say that the empire lacks suitable talents to manage the localities, otherwise it is unbelievable that the income of the empire's direct rule is only a quarter of that of the tax system.

Considering the civil service examination that Your Majesty promised earlier, I privately think that it needs to be implemented as soon as possible.

Inheritance tax: A tax imposed by the empire on property inheritance, the amount of which is based on the value of the estate and kinship.

In my opinion, this article is a derivative tax on the previous public rent tax. The empire collected more taxes than when it was first contracted by negotiating with contractors.

Your Majesty, with all due respect, the "Legislator" is great, but the tax code he left behind is 200 years old.

With the decline of the empire, the original system should have been swept into the garbage dump long ago.

Below is my design.

Import and export tariffs: Considering that the empire is undergoing initial industrialization, in order to protect the domestic manufacturing industry from the impact of low-cost commodity competition from other countries such as the United Kingdom.

I will set high tariffs to impose high taxes on imported goods, and restrict imports to a certain extent to encourage the development of domestic industry.

Industrial Tax: In order to make up for the lack of national fiscal revenue, I will issue an industrial tax law.

Of course, the empire's industry is still in its infancy. During this period, I will give preferential policies.

As for specific taxes, I refer to the British government.

They imposed various forms of industrial taxation.The most famous of these was the Milebury Act, passed in 1781, which imposed taxes on a range of industrial sectors, including stamp duty and manufacturing duty.

Land tax: In my opinion, land tax will still be the bulk of the empire's fiscal revenue for some time to come.

Among the land taxes, the most important ones are the agricultural tax and the land deed tax. The former is a tax law on agricultural output in rural areas, and the latter is an annual tax levied on landowners, including farmland. Of course, Muslims are not required to pay .

Excise tax: In this area, the British have created a large number of tax items.

Considering the national conditions of the empire, our country still has a considerable demand for grape juice, tobacco and coffee.

I recommend that the empire can set up relevant institutions, and while supervising the consumption of these commodities, it can operate some stores on its own.

After all, this is a lot of income.

Resource tax: The development of state-owned resources such as mineral resources and land resources also needs to pay taxes to the state.

According to my calculations, as long as the financial reform is completed and your Majesty's civil service examination successfully sends enough management talents to the local area, I am sure that the fiscal revenue of the empire will reach 650 million pounds. "

Izet said confidently that in his opinion, the potential of the empire is far more than that. It only needs a reform to activate this ancient empire, and it will once again stand on top of the world.

After listening to Izzet's bold words, Selim asked immediately.

"What about education funding? Izzet, you don't seem to have taken it into consideration."

Izzet laughed.

"Your Majesty, how can I not think about this matter.

In accordance with your requirements for education, I have devised a wonderful method for you-let Millett pay for it.

At present, the empire has almost no means of educating Muslims except for church schools. On the contrary, almost all of the four major milletts have their own schools.

According to Your Majesty's plan, such a huge compulsory education system must be able to cover the children of the original Millet community.

So I thought that according to the population ratio, the four major milletts only need to pay 50.00% of the education expenses.

Of course, the specific policy arrangement depends on what you and the grand vizier want."

Yusuf Pasha glared at Izet at this moment.

What are the words, what does it mean to look at the meaning of the sultan and the grand vizier? This kind of matter should not be decided by the sultan.

No matter how bad it is, I will discuss it with the Grand Mufti. It has nothing to do with him. Izzet only grows IQ in life, not EQ.

Selim didn't have time to care about Yousuf's thoughts. Since the education issue has been involved, he might as well discuss it together.

Sultan then spoke.

"Yusuf, has the Grand Mufti discussed with you about the construction of the school?"

The Grand Vizier replied with a wrinkled face.

"Your Majesty, according to your request and the actual situation of the empire, our idea is to provide only six years of compulsory education, to improve the literacy rate to a certain extent and reduce the possibility of Muslim child labor in factories.

At the same time, we will ask the local government to arrange the enrollment plan according to the local population and economic development level for the school's annual enrollment number, and require the local government to report to the Ministry of Education
Proficiency in the Ottoman language is required for the teaching staff employed by the school. "

"Ottoman? Has the Grand Mufti and Ulema finished their work?"

Selim asked excitedly, don't care what the Ottoman language is, it doesn't matter if you say it's a stitch monster, or it doesn't matter if you say Emperor Saida copied it directly.

All in all, the fact that this language can be called Ottoman means that the Sudan has put aside its discrimination against the Turkic language and has begun to unite the masses.

After all, the Ottoman Sultan has always proclaimed himself a noble Oguz Turkic. Do you think that the Turks and the Sultan are not of the same race?
Sorry, in the eyes of the sultans of all dynasties, the Turks are purely inferior peoples. Even when writing in Turkic language, they will add a sentence in front of it, "I am sorry for using such a low-level language, because it is for the low cultural level. people saw it."

For the Ottoman sultans of all ages, there is no difference between the people at the bottom of the Orthodox Church and the Muslims at the bottom of Islam. Everyone is the oxen and horses of the sultan. Don’t think that if you believe in a different religion, you are so noble.

No matter what you are, if you are asked to serve, you will serve; if you are asked to pay, you will pay; if you are asked to pay, you will pay.

The local government of the Ottoman Empire has been adhering to the same governance principle for hundreds of years-I don't solve the problem, I only solve the person who raised the problem.

Since the ethnic and religious issues in the Ottoman Empire are quite serious, some people will definitely think that this is an issue of ethnic discrimination, and Emperor Sai the Great also thought this way before he traveled over.

It wasn’t until he stayed in the Ottoman Empire for a few years that he understood one thing. The Ottoman Empire did not discriminate against Ottoman residents except for the ruling elite, because in the eyes of the sultan, all living beings were cattle and horses.

This is why Selim is so excited. After all, he can finally start to build national and religious identities.

Yusuf took Selim's question and answered.

"Your Majesty, according to your instructions, we have integrated similar vocabulary and writing in Turkic, Arabic, and Persian, and at the same time, we have partially absorbed the Balkan languages ​​for the new words.

This will also be the focus of the empire's compulsory education other than mathematics. For students who are willing and have financial resources, only those who have mastered this language can take the exam and continue their studies.

As for the place of further study, we have prepared to build a university in Constantiniya according to your order.

They are Ottoman University, Constantiniya University, Selim University, Suleiman University of Political Science and Law, "Thunder" Military Academy, and "Conqueror" Military Academy.

The first three universities are mainly comprehensive universities, and Selim University has cooperated with the Royal Academy of Sciences in running schools. As for the opening of majors, we compared British universities and made certain modifications.

These universities will be completed by the end of September this year, and recruit students from all walks of life, as long as they can pass the exam.

At the same time, in order to strengthen the management of universities and colleges, the Ministry of Education will provide reference opinions on the types of majors offered by schools and the number of students enrolled in each major.

Moreover, the Ministry of Education will determine their future financial allocations based on the performance of the first batch of students in various universities.

As for the issue of finding Millett for education funds that Izzet said, I have already arranged it.

As you said, Your Majesty, an education system independent of the government will only divide a country, and the empire's education system is obviously far more than one.

In order to avoid excessive financial pressure, affecting the formation and industrialization of the Empire's new army.

It is certainly not enough to charge tuition fees alone. Of course, we do not charge any money to Muslims who are willing to receive compulsory education.

In this case, we will also strictly control the number of students enrolled in each school, and limit it to a few hundred students. After all, the cost of teaching staff is also high.

Selim thought for a while.

"Inform the local kadi (judges) so they can encourage children to get an education while keeping a close eye on supervision.

The Ministry of Education should also send a commissioner to guide the school’s enrollment. For families that are hardly able to survive, they should be recruited first to ease their pressure. After all, for ordinary people, having more mouths is sometimes fatal. Of course, they have to be Muslims .

In terms of universities, prepare for the pilot work, do a good job of research for the majors, and deal with the majors with a small number of recruits and low value every year, and deal with them in a timely manner.

At the same time as Kadi’s supervision, the education responsibility system must also be implemented, so that if there is a problem, the person responsible can be held accountable.

In addition, Ulema is selected as the principal of the school among the major religious groups. The principal is the first person in charge. A teacher is in charge of a class.

For the specific situation, you should decide according to the actual situation.

This kind of management must pay attention to strategies. While ensuring the smooth progress of teaching work, it is also necessary to strengthen students' ideological education.

What we need is a good student who is loyal to the sultan, loyal to the empire, speaks Ottoman, understands Ottoman history, and is dedicated to the empire.

For children from poor families, if the other party shows high talent, the head teacher will recommend it to the principal. After the principal confirms, the principal will then recommend it to a higher-level school. Dig up enough good seedlings.

The Ministry of Education should also supervise the entrance examinations so that no one can mess with them.

If the children of the rich and powerful have poor grades, let them pay a school sponsorship fee if they want to go to higher education. Don’t let these people mess up our education system. "

Selim is also thinking about it. Instead of letting these rich people find bureaucrats to go through the back door, it is better for Sudan to clearly mark the price and provide all services.

It doesn't matter if you don't pass the exam, you can pay to get in. Whether you can graduate or not is your own problem.

If it doesn't work, then you can spend another sum of money and sell your child a graduation certificate. "

Yusuf Pasha suggested.

"Your Majesty, although we have decided to universalize compulsory education.

But this kind of school. It is absolutely difficult for the children of rich and powerful families to accept that they are in class with a group of peasant children. "

Is it time to start a noble school?
For example, the public schools of the British can also be used as a tool for us to attract elites from other provinces. Of course, ordinary children can also participate in the selection of public schools.

As long as he believes in Allah. "

Selim nodded.

"This idea is not bad. Suleiman of Chapan also came to me to ask this question before, and they are willing to fund and establish such a school with me.

As for the site selection and construction, he will come to discuss with you at that time. The empire's first noble school cannot be sloppy.

As for the name, it’s called Allah’s Public School, which means public selection. I don’t care about the rest of the aristocratic schools. Those with “public” must pay attention to this point. There must be no violations. We must show the society that As long as you can endure hardship, you can "

Before Selim finished speaking, he heard Izzet muttering something.

"As long as you can bear hardships, you will have endless hardships. For example, a genius like me is always forced to fight on the front line."

Selim felt that his head was full of black lines, and he selectively ignored this weird thing.

After the meeting, the Sultan drove to the Topkapi Palace in a carriage, and he also had an appointment with the Grand Mufti.

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(End of this chapter)