In the Southern Song Dynasty, I competed with Mongolia for the world

Chapter 250 Poetry is useless?
Many rural households may be landlords or noble gentry, or they may not live in the county and return to the village after their grandparents retired.

Deng Ruoshui went on to report to the emperor: "Among non-clan Jinshi, 98 people have one generation of grandparents or fathers as officials, 21 people have both generations of grandparents and fathers as officials, and three generations of great-grandfathers, grandfathers, and fathers have been officials. Yes, there are 6 people, and there are 125 Jinshi in total.”

"In the other clan, one generation of grandfather or father was an official, and there were 13 people, and the three generations of great-grandfather, grandfather, and father were all officials, and there was 1 person——"

These two groups of people were counted as officials, a total of 152 people.

Most of the Jinshi in the Song and Song dynasties were of civilian origin, because the children of high-ranking officials could get officials through grace, without having to study hard through cold windows.

When Zhao Yurui heard this, they understood that the channels of grace must be weakened as soon as possible, that is, they should not be given the opportunity to inherit.

Why cancel hereditary?It's very simple. The ancient dynasties were basically hereditary, but if you look at the hereditary ones, there are a few who are as civil and military as the founding ancestors.

As for Li Jinglong in the early Ming Dynasty, his father Li Wenzhong must be powerful enough, but he is a waste after being hereditary.

"How do I care about Chao Yinbu now?" Zhao Yurui asked at this time.

Deng Ruoshui couldn't help but look at Yang Changru again, the two of them were startled, feeling that the emperor wanted to attack Yinbu again.

But he doesn't care about the two. The Ministry of Households and the Minister of the Ministry of Officials used to be soy sauce in the Song Dynasty, and they had no power and power. People still get obvious benefits.

Deng Ruoshui's son is still young, and Yang Changru's son has been promoted and reused after Zhao Yurui came to power.

If the emperor took action against Yin Bu, it would have little effect on them.

As the emperor's trusted confidantes, the grandchildren dare not say that the son's generation will definitely be taken care of.

Deng Ruoshui immediately said: "The people who are favored by my court are not limited to direct descendants, but can also be pushed to offshoots, different surnames, and even family members. The chances of getting yin and yang include big gift yin yin, official yin yin, legacy yin yin, etc. .So when the year of the suburban sacrificial ceremony happened, many people poured into the official order, which increased the bureaucracy’s stagnation.”

When Deng Ruoshui came up, he expressed his position, and the minister supported the matter of making up for it.

Because the Yinbu of the Song Dynasty was indeed a little too much.

People in the Ming Dynasty were only hereditary in the direct line. In the Song Dynasty, collateral relatives, different surnames, and even diners were allowed.

The most common way is to make up for an official position, that is, I have retired, but I can choose someone to fill the official position.

It is precisely because there are so many officials who are subsidized that there are so many officials who do not do anything in the late Southern Song Dynasty.

"It needs to be changed." Zhao Yurui said immediately after listening to it: "Legal reform."

"Yin compensation is only for immediate family members, unless all immediate family members are dead, they can be branched out."

"Not all senior officials can be kind."

"You need to contribute to the country or the people."

"For example, my father has made great contributions on the battlefield, the local farmland has excellent grain accumulation, and the construction of water conservancy has been successful, etc., all of which must have merits that actually happened—"

"Your Ministry of Rites and the Ministry of Officials need to discuss together and come up with a plan. Is three days enough time?"

Deng Ruoshui and Yang Changru didn't hesitate, and immediately said, obey the order.

This time, the two were convinced. What the emperor said was that doing meritorious service on the battlefield, accumulating food in the fields, building water conservancy and other things are all beneficial to the country and the local people. They are not as false as before.

This time the emperor didn't say anything, and it took three days to come up with a plan, and the two of them knew that the emperor was coming for real.

You can take your time with the special event, but you must hurry up with this matter.

Zhao Yurui asked again.

What are the imperial examinations now?
The content of the imperial examinations in the Song and Song Dynasties also changed, and remained unchanged until the 15th year of Shaoxing (1145).

In the early Northern Song Dynasty, following the system of the Tang and Five Dynasties, it mainly examined one poem, one Fu, and one on theory, five strategies, ten stickers on "The Analects of Confucius", and ten articles on "Spring and Autumn" or "Book of Rites".

Among them, "discussion" is historical theory, which is to express one's own opinion on a certain event in history, and "policy" is policy theory, which is to discuss the political issues of the current imperial government and offer suggestions to the imperial court.

The test at this stage is still relatively complicated, and it sounds a bit difficult.

The second stage was when Wang Anshi was in power, Song Shenzong adopted Wang Anshi's opinion and carried out reforms.

Abolish Ming Jing and various subjects, stop poetry and fu, and try the meaning of the scriptures instead.

Wang Anshi said that poetry and fu should not be tested, and it is useless in governing the country. Now that I think about it, it seems to make sense.

But the so-called "classic meaning" refers to the topic of Confucian classic sentences, and the examinee composes to clarify the meaning.

In fact, Wang Anshi wanted to use the scriptures as a tool to unify the thoughts of scholar-bureaucrats. The scriptures of the Song Dynasty were already similar to the stereotyped essays of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

But soon Shenzong was finished, Zhezong came to power, and Sima Guang became prime minister. This guy and Wang Anshi are deadly enemies, so he is very proud.

Everything proposed by Wang Anshi shall be abolished, and everything Wang Anshi opposes shall be supported.

He abolished all the new laws of Wang Anshi, added poetry and prose to the imperial examination,

His reason is also very simple, you can't write poems and prose, but you can still govern the place?Can be a good official?
Scholars in this period were tossed to death by the two. Today they study poetry and fu, and tomorrow they study classics and righteousness.

However, the imperial examination policy implemented by Sima Guang after he came to power also affected the Jin and Yuan dynasties. Later, the Jin and Yuan dynasties adopted policies similar to Sima Guang's.

From then on, until the Jingkang Incident, when the Song Dynasty moved southward, and after Gaozong succeeded to the throne, they slightly changed Sima Guang's policy.

In the second year of Jianyan (1028), the imperial court selected scholars based on the two subjects of classics, meaning and poetry. Among them, those who tested poetry and fu did not take the test of classics and meaning, and those who tested the meaning of scriptures did not test poetry and fu. This is also more humane. If you write well in poems and fu, go to test the poems and fu; if you read the scriptures well, go to test the meaning of the scriptures.

Of course, it changed after that. Sometimes the two subjects were combined into one, and sometimes the Analects and Mencius were added. Until the 15th year of Shaoxing, they were re-divided into two subjects of Jingyi and Poetry One subject, only one exam), and then until the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, it has not changed.

After hearing this, Zhao Yurui understood that now he, Bao Qingnian, is still taking two subjects to become a scholar.

That is, to test the meaning of the scriptures, and to test the poetry and fu.

After Yang Changru, Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites finished speaking, Deng Ruoshui, Shangshui of the Ministry of Officials, thought about it, and realized that the emperor was more respectful of martial arts, so he said, "Qizou Your Majesty."

"During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong--"

During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, tricks were added to the imperial examinations, that is, imperial archery was added to the literary examinations, and poetry books were added to the military examinations.

Xiaozong's original intention was good, so that civil servants could shoot arrows and military officials could read books.

"At that time, it was stipulated that Wen Jinshi shot 6 arrows, and if three arrows hit the post, it was the top grade. No. 1 was transferred to an official, and the general judge, and Yu Xun was a capital; the second arrow was medium, minus two years of grinding; one arrow The middle post and one arrow on the stack are the lower ranks, and the officials will not be selected in turn for one term; Those who are qualified in archery and literature will be rewarded with silk."

Look at the richness of the Song Dynasty, if you fail the exam, you will be comforted by silk.

But Xiaozong's reform was not carried out later, and Ningzong did not do it at all.

Zhao Yurui heard that this was a good thing. Let civil servants be able to shoot arrows and military officials learn to read and write. Xiaozong's reform is relatively advanced, but unfortunately no one will continue to do it later.

And I have to say that usually the civil servants in the last years of the dynasty are relatively strong.

Those in the Southern Song Dynasty were even better than the civil officials at the end of the Ming Dynasty. When Meng Yuan came in, many civil officials were used as military officers, leading troops to fight, and were proficient in everything from farming to preparing food.

At this time, Zhao Yurui was listening while flipping through the roster and test papers in front of him.

The roster is separate, indicating the number of people who took the provincial test, and the information of the provincial dollar, including birthplace, age, how many times the test has been taken, and family background.

The name cannot be seen on the Provincial Yuan test paper, which is said to prevent cheating.

This time, the Ministry of Rites selected Provincial Examination Papers of Provincial Yuan and a few people who had done well, and sent them up for the Emperor to have a look first.

But Zhao Yurui looked at it for a while and found that many handwritings were the same.

"Isn't this the original test paper?" He suddenly realized.

Deng Ruoshui and Yang Changru nodded at the same time.

In the Song Zhenzong era, in order to prevent cheating in the imperial examinations, a transcription institute was ordered to be established.The examination papers are transcribed by scribes, who are commonly known as "transcribers".Examiners mark the papers on the basis of transcripts.This kind of practice is "Yi Shu", which pushes the examination paper to the pinnacle.

In addition, in order to prevent the transcribers from cheating again, it is stipulated that the transcribers should not carry ink pens, the number of papers used for transcribing and the color of ink should be consistent, and the test papers should be transcribed with cinnabar red pens uniformly.Candidates' original test papers are called "ink scrolls" because they are written in black ink; and the transcribed papers are all written in red pen, so they are called "Zhu scrolls".

Every paper that has been copied will be checked again by another group of people, which is called "duplicate reading". It is the same as the current correction.Therefore, the scientific examination papers that are handed down today are not the handwriting of the candidates themselves, but the calligraphy of ancient scribes, that is, "transcribers".

What the examiners get is the transcribed copy. Generally, there are many examiners on site, as well as the chief and deputy examiners.

If an examiner sees that the paper is good, it will be handed over to other examiners first, and the paper that is approved by most of the examiners will be handed over to the assistant examiner.

If the assistant examiner thinks that the paper he read is good, he will write the word "take" and hand it over to the chief examiner. If the chief examiner thinks it is also good, he will write the word "middle" again, so that he will be on the list.

Then some examiners will randomly check the exam papers that failed the rankings, in case everyone loses their eyes and loses excellent papers, but not all of them will do this, and there is no mandatory requirement.

Of course, there will be more humane regulations, that is, candidates who fail the rankings are allowed to apply for examination papers.

"After the palace examination, we will divide the ranks. Your Majesty can take a look at the general situation of Shengyuan and the strength of the first few candidates." Deng Ruoshui reminded Zhao Yurui at this time.

The imperial examinations were classified into A and B, and the early Northern Song Dynasty was also divided into A and B, which represented the level of the level.

After entering the Southern Song Dynasty, it was changed to Yijia, Erjia, Sanjia, Sijia, and even Wujia.

After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was divided into two subjects, A and B.

But at that time, the distinction was very clear. Regular Jinshi who had passed the palace examination were called Jiake, while those who had not passed the palace examination were called Yike.

(End of this chapter)