Daming: If I find a great-grandson, I will teach an emperor through the ages
Chapter 189 What U.S. dollars? Those are treasure bills!
Chapter 189 What U.S. dollars? Those are treasure bills!
This wireless telegraph machine was simply created specifically for the Ming Dynasty at this time!
Zhu Yuanzhang did not study much in his early years, but after becoming emperor, he read a lot of history books.
He discovered that from the founding of the country to the end of the dynasty, major turmoil occurred, which affected the whole body and destroyed the entire dynasty. Most of them had a fundamental relationship with the inability to transmit information in a timely manner.
Often there would be unrest at the border or somewhere far away from the central court, or there would be a rebellion by a vassal king.
Because information transmission takes a lot of time, when the news reaches the ears of the emperor or ministers and the central court takes action, the turmoil has often become an unmanageable situation.
If the current emperor and the civil and military officials make even the slightest mistake or negligence in their decision-making, the entire country may fall into catastrophe!
Although there are many reasons for the collapse of a dynasty, it is not just that information transmission is too slow. It is also accompanied by corruption within the court, endless factional fighting, military degradation, etc.
But Zhu Yuanzhang feels that the transmission of information is also crucial to a country!
After he came to power, in order to prevent Ming Dynasty from making the same mistakes as previous dynasties, he worked hard bit by bit, step by step.
In order to eliminate corruption among officials in the DPRK and China, Zhu Yuanzhang used severe methods and torture!
Because he did not want to see the factions in the DPRK fighting each other and consuming the country's power, Zhu Yuanzhang reorganized the court and reluctantly went on a killing spree, killing hundreds of people!
In order to prevent the army from weakening due to the passage of time, he changed the military law and established three guards...
Only information transmission, Zhu Yuanzhang had no other choice!
To deliver a message from Peiping to Yingtian, even if the messenger changes horses all the way without stopping, it still takes seven or eight days.
In some special moments, it can be said that everything changes in an instant!
Seven or eight days! It’s too long…not to mention some of the more remote border places, which will only take more time!
No matter how powerful Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang is, he is helpless in the face of this situation. He sometimes thinks that it would be great if people could fly...
Where can people fly?
Until Cao Wei developed a wireless telegraph machine, Zhu Yuanzhang, the great Hongwu Emperor, once again appreciated the charm of technology!
All it takes is a small telegraph machine to transmit sounds thousands of miles away! Even if people could really fly, it would still be far from being as convenient and fast as this!
At this time, Zhu Di requested to take over Dongyi Province. The emergence of the wireless telegraph machine eliminated most of Zhu Yuanzhang's worries about both Zhu Xiongying and Zhu Di.
Cao Wei solved another huge problem for him!
No wonder he, Lao Zhu, has lived his whole life. Apart from his own descendants, he is the only one who favors Cao Wei, a descendant with a different surname. Cao Wei is really outstanding! Cao Wei did so much for the Ming Dynasty!
Zhu Yuanzhang had a total of sixteen daughters, and many more sons-in-law. Only Cao Wei, the son-in-law, was truly taken into consideration by Zhu Yuanzhang.
After Cao Wei and Zhu Hanming got married, Zhu Yuanzhang directly regarded him as his own son from the bottom of his heart. He was even closer to Cao Wei than the vassal kings who were far away.
Once people get older, they like to chew on those past events over and over again. At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang couldn't help but sigh when he recalled all the previous events.
He looked at Cao Wei,
"Hero is still young after all. If we are no longer here in the future, you must try your best to help him."
Zhu Yuanzhang didn't know how long he could live. He just wanted to tell everything before he died.
Cao Wei was sipping tea. Hearing this, he put down the tea cup and said with a smile,
"It's too early for me to say this. Since you stopped going to the morning court, your health has obviously gotten better day by day. Just wait a moment. When His Majesty gets pregnant, you can still hold your great-grandson in your arms."
Cao Wei called Mr. Zhu Yuanzhang, and Zhu Yuanzhang was not unhappy at all, as if he was really talking to his son.
And Cao Wei is not lying. Since Zhu Yuanzhang abdicated, no longer went to the morning court, and no longer had to work hard to review memorials, his physical condition has improved significantly. His whole person seems to be more energetic and energetic, as if he suddenly A few years younger.
It seems that people are not exaggerating when they say that the cause of Emperor Hongwu's death was illness caused by overwork.
Zhu Yuanzhang laughed twice, "Then let's borrow some good words from you. Speaking of which... this kid Xiongying really needs to be a prince as soon as possible..."
While the two were talking, Concubine Han and Zhu Hanming walked over from the corridor of the back room arm in arm.
Zhu Yuanzhang stood up when he saw this.
"It's getting late, let's leave now and come back another day."
After saying that, he and Concubine Han walked out together. Cao Wei and Zhu Hanming sent them out of the house.
The two returned to the hall, and Cao Wei stretched out his hand to touch Zhu Hanming's abdomen.
"Yo! Our son is kicking me!"
Zhu Hanming looked at Cao Wei with a funny expression and chuckled.
"It's only been a month or two, how can he kick you?"
"Our son is extremely talented..."
Just after saying a few words, another person came outside the door.
Zhu Di, King of Yan.
"Come here at this time, I'm afraid you are not here to get a meal." Cao Wei joked when he saw him.
"Fourth brother," Zhu Hanming shouted.
Zhu Di also responded with a smile, "Now that your family has a big business, are you still afraid that I will take advantage of you?"
"When my son is born, he will have his head shaved in the first month..."
The two laughed.
Zhu Hanming stepped aside, letting the two of them talk alone, and then ordered the maid Xiaoyu to start preparing the meal.
Within a moment, the food and wine were served.
When Zhu Di was in Yingtian, Cao Wei was the only one who could speak his mind. After a glass of wine, he said:
"You said... shouldn't I make things difficult for His Majesty?"
Cao Wei blinked, "What do you mean?"
In his opinion, Zhu Di did not look like such an indecisive person.
"The old man talked to me a few days ago. What he said was nothing but worries..." At this point, Zhu Di stopped.
In addition to being a very capable vassal king, Zhu Di was also a very filial son.
Although Zhu Di wanted to achieve his hegemony, he still couldn't get over the hurdle in his heart when facing real relatives like Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Xiongying, especially after Zhu Yuanzhang clearly expressed his concerns to Zhu Di.
Cao Wei took a mouthful of vegetables, chewed them, and thought for a moment.
"It depends on what you think. What the old man is worried about is nothing more than the Ming Dynasty of the Zhu family. If you don't do anything wrong, the old man's worry will be unnecessary." "Besides, the old man talked to you a few days ago. , our manufacturing bureau had not yet built a wireless telegraph machine at that time, but now that we have a wireless telegraph machine, the old man’s worries will be alleviated a lot.”
"Dongyi Province is already under the jurisdiction of the Ming Dynasty. In any case, people will be sent to take over. There is nothing wrong with you going, but you have a special status."
"Perhaps... making a statement can make the old man and His Majesty feel more at ease?"
After Cao Wei finished speaking, Zhu Di just drank in silence, with a hint of decision in his eyes.
Take a stand...
the next day,
Cao Wei came to the manufacturing bureau and continued to improve the wireless telegraph machine. Song Ping and Zhao Heng started to experiment and continued to experiment on how to enhance the electromagnetic wave signal of the wireless telegraph machine.
At this time,
Qian Yi came to find him.
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty National Bank, Qian Yi and Yu Xin were responsible for its affairs. They have always done a good job. Now that they are here, there should be a situation.
Cao Wei put down his work and asked Song Ping and Zhao Heng to continue leading experiments, and then brought Qian Yi to the room where he was working.
He personally poured a cup of tea for Qian Yi, who took it with respectful hands.
Cao Wei leaned back on his chair.
"You're a busy man who doesn't go to the Three Treasures Hall for anything. Why do you have so much time today?"
Qian Yi put the tea cup in his hand on the table aside, cupped his hands and said:
"To make the Grand Master laugh, I have something to discuss with Deputy General Manager Yu, but I haven't been able to find a suitable solution."
This bank matter is a big one, affecting the entire country's economy. Cao Wei frowned when he heard this. Even Qian Yi and Yu Xin couldn't solve it. What kind of problem is it?
"Tell me about it."
"No!" Qian Yi replied, and then said:
"Since the establishment of the bank, Xiaguan and Deputy General Manager Yu Xin have not dared to slack off at all. They have been handling matters at the headquarters of Yingtian Bank every day. At the beginning, everything went smoothly, but as time went on...especially in the recent period, There are more and more problems with the circulation of private banknotes. The banknotes in the hands of ordinary people..."
The trouble Qian Yi and Yu Xin encountered was simple. The Ming Dynasty's economy began to experience inflation!
The treasure banknotes Qian Yi mentioned were called Ming Dynasty treasure banknotes. They were paper currencies issued by Zhu Yuanzhang in the eighth year of Hongwu's reign.
The reason why Zhu Yuanzhang issued treasure banknotes was because the national power was still weak in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, and there was no surplus capital to support the casting of the number of copper coins that could be used by a country. The number of copper coins was not enough for turnover. On the other hand, the economy of the Ming Dynasty Development has also increased the amount of money used in commerce.
However, copper coins were too inconvenient to carry and could not meet the needs of the commodity economy. In addition, the quantity of copper coins was insufficient. Merchants were more inclined to use banknotes that were easy to carry, so the Ming Dynasty Tongxingbao Banknotes was born.
Zhu Yuanzhang's original intention of issuing treasure banknotes was good, and he intended to make the economic circulation of the Ming Dynasty more convenient.
After all, compared to banknotes, copper plates take up more space, and silver ingots will be lost when broken back and forth. People need to pay taxes in whole silver, and the consumption of fire cannot be ignored.
However, although the original intention was good, historically, the issuance of Ming Bao Banknotes failed.
Because when Zhu Yuanzhang issued treasure banknotes, he issued too large a quantity at once, and the circulation volume far exceeded the actual currency demand at the time, which laid a sign of inflation at the time of issuance.
In addition, because of the poor management of the imperial court, it was unable to effectively ensure the stability of the value of Baochao, which caused the currency to depreciate rapidly in two to three hundred years.
Furthermore, due to insufficient manufacturing technology, the paper material used in Ming Dynasty banknotes is not durable and is prone to wear and decay, which limits the service life of the banknotes.
Coupled with the lack of effective supervision and checks and balances in the Ming Dynasty's Baochao management agencies, corruption occurred frequently in the middle and late dynasties, further damaging the public's trust in Baochao.
Moreover, the issuance of Ming Dynasty banknotes was not based on a reasonable basis, no reserve was established, and there was no clear issuance management system, which to a certain extent violated market rules and social stability.
Afterwards, the Ming court adopted some conservative policies and measures: prohibiting the use of gold and silver, and not exchanging banknotes. These actions affected the credibility and circulation of Ming banknotes.
In addition to this, there is another problem that will still exist until later generations.
Counterfeit money!
In a modern society with advanced technology, counterfeit banknotes are still emerging one after another, making it difficult for people to guard against them. At this time in the Ming Dynasty, it was easier for some unscrupulous people to make counterfeit banknotes.
According to historical records, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, privately minted copper coins had been produced to reduce the weight of the coins or to mix them with other metals to reduce the gold content of the coins.
In the Song Dynasty, the Song court also began to issue banknotes. However, due to the confidentiality of the production technology and materials of banknotes, private counterfeiting of banknotes still occurred from time to time.
In the counterfeit banknote case during the Southern Song Dynasty, the value of counterfeit coins seized at one time was as high as 30! In addition, during the Yuan Dynasty, Qianshan Prefecture in Jiangxi Province was famous for manufacturing counterfeit banknotes, and local counterfeit currency dealers even sold them as far as Jianghuai and Hebei.
Although the imperial court has taken a series of measures to prevent the circulation of counterfeit banknotes, including changing the production methods of banknotes and increasing the banknote inspection system, there has never been a shortage of people who know the law and break the law, driven by huge interests.
The imperial court must have been aware of the counterfeit banknotes. During the Hongwu period, they changed the method of making banknotes several times, but other than that, there were no effective and feasible countermeasures, which further accelerated the decline of the banknotes.
The failure of the Ming Dynasty Baobao was due to a combination of factors, including excessive issuance, lack of court management, material durability issues, weak institutional supervision, unreasonable issuance systems, and improper economic policies.
These problems were obvious in later generations, but at this time in the Ming Dynasty, the market could not reflect these problems one by one.
Originally, these problems would not have surfaced so quickly during the Hongwu period, but under the influence of Cao Wei, the Ming Dynasty found the Shijianshan silver mine in Japan, and a large amount of silver funds poured into the country.
Although this allowed Baochai to have sufficient reserves, it also exacerbated the occurrence of inflation on the other hand.
Not only because of the huge interests of people making counterfeit banknotes, but also because of a major loophole in the Ming Dynasty's banknote method, which was its reverse banknote method.
In the ninth year of Hongwu, the imperial court established the law of converting banknotes, and set up bank treasury in various places to collect and exchange damaged banknotes. In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, it also stipulated the limits for the exchange of damaged banknotes. All banknotes with denominations and legible characters can continue to be used. , shall not raise prices for those who purchase goods with old banknotes.
But in fact, the court only collects new banknotes for tax collection, while the private sector uses old banknotes at reduced prices or refuses to use them. This results in a price difference between old and new banknotes, and it is not surprising that inflation will occur.
After hearing this, Cao Wei pondered for a long time.
To solve the current embarrassing situation of the National Bank, we need to start from many aspects.
The first is the biggest loophole in the reverse banknote method, the incompatibility between new banknotes and old banknotes. This requires a banknote with a longer life and less wear and tear to replace the current treasure banknote.
Moreover, the court needs to legislate again, implement basic principles from top to bottom, eliminate the difference between new banknotes and old banknotes, manage the various departments of the court, and put an end to counterfeit banknotes...
Changing policies should not be difficult, but implementing them from top to bottom is difficult.
in addition,
How to prevent counterfeit banknotes, how to make precious banknotes last longer and less likely to wear out...
Hiss...how to make color-changing ink?
(End of this chapter)
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