my wonderful zoo

Chapter 274 Department Settings
The president has the power to veto legislation and can also exercise legislative power through delegated legislation;
The Supreme Court can participate in the policy making of administrative agencies through the power of constitutional interpretation and constitutional review;
Congress can use its appropriation power to participate extensively in administrative decision-making.

Therefore, in the political practice of Western countries, the separation of powers has almost never been truly realized, even in the United States.

Chen Xun did not need to set up a system to divide his power. After all, the joy of dictatorship is unimaginable to ordinary people.

But people's energy is limited, and being a dictatorship means that everything needs to be reviewed by oneself.Chen Xun would definitely not be willing to do this, so he needed a suitable system that could allow the country to operate normally and develop prosperously without his own input.

In the end, Chen Xun chose the modified version of the five-power separation system after careful consideration.

The first is the separation of administration and military affairs, and the establishment of a cabinet and a military headquarters.

The prime minister of the cabinet is appointed directly by the emperor and is of the highest rank.

The assistant ministers of the cabinet are directly served by the presidents of each house. The presidents of each house are recommended by the prime minister of the cabinet and approved by the emperor. They can also be directly appointed by the emperor, starting from the first rank.

Ministers of various ministries are recommended by the cabinet ministers, reviewed and approved by the emperor, or directly appointed by the emperor, with the second rank and second rank.

Officials at the ministerial level are all selected, assessed, and recommended by the Personnel Institute. Senior officials from the fourth rank and above are reviewed and approved by the emperor, and senior officials from the sixth rank and above are reviewed and approved by the department chief.

There are five houses under the cabinet:

Executive Yuan: Secretariat, Ministry of Development and Reform, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of National Security, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Agriculture (large Ministry of Agriculture, including agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery), Reichsbank, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Industry, Public Security Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Natural Resources (Mining), Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Culture and Publicity, Ministry of Grain (grain storage), etc.

In addition to these departments, some small departments will be set up in the future to meet the needs of national affairs.

Legislative Yuan: It contains the Constitution Department, the Criminal Law Department, the Civil Law Department and other major legal departments, as well as the New Law Department that specializes in formulating new laws based on actual conditions, as well as departments responsible for supervising legislative disciplines and procedures.

Judicial Yuan: Ministry of Judicial Administration, Supreme Court, Administrative Court, Judge School, Legal Propaganda Department, Procuratorate Department, etc.

Personnel Institute: Public Service School, Performance Assessment Department, Examination Department, Archives Department, Selection Department, etc.

Supervisory Yuan: Supervision Department, Audit Department, etc.

The supreme commander-in-chief of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces shall concurrently be appointed by the emperor and shall not be held by anyone else under any circumstances.

The commander-in-chief's office has a commander-in-chief's office and a military region office. All ministers enter the commander-in-chief's office to handle daily military affairs.All military region commanders enter the military region office and are responsible for directing operations.

The Office of the Commander-in-Chief consists of fifteen departments, including the General Staff Department, the Military and Political Department, the Logistics Department, the Equipment Department, the Training Department, the Mobilization Department (reserves), the Military Discipline Department, the Military Law Department, the Military Science and Technology Department, the Strategic Planning Department, and the Military Reform and Establishment Department. Department, Audit Department, Internal Affairs Department, Military Intelligence Department, Veterans Department.

The Military Region Office currently has seven military regions, each corresponding to seven army groups. This division will soon be greatly changed, and will continue to be increased or decreased based on the actual situation.

All senior officials at the ministerial level and above and military region commanders in the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces can only be appointed by the emperor himself.

Other senior military officers are nominated by the General Staff Department, the Military and Political Department, the Establishment Department, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and are reviewed and approved by the office.

Low-level officers are nominated by senior officers and reviewed by the Ministry of Military Affairs.

After this system, Chen Xun only needed to control the appointment of some high-ranking officials and the army to completely control the empire and not go astray.

For a long time to come, the busiest department in the empire will be the Legislative Yuan.

According to Chen Xun’s plan, the Legislative Yuan will draft the empire’s first constitution within three years and complete several major laws within five years, including the Legislative Law of the Chinese Empire for the Legislative Yuan’s own use, and the Civil Code of the Chinese Empire for civil affairs. ", "Chinese Empire Tax Law", "Chinese Empire Administrative Law", "Chinese Empire Criminal Law", "Chinese Empire Economic Law", and "Chinese Empire Procedural Law" of the Judicial Yuan

In addition, they must also assist the Military Discipline Department and the Military Law Department of the High Command to formulate military discipline and military law for the imperial army.This is one of the few tasks that requires cooperation between the military and the government.

From September until the Chinese New Year in 3825 (1128), Chen Xun was in a frenzy.

During the founding of the People's Republic of China, most departments basically had only one name, and there were no chief officers, let alone officials within the department.

In order to establish these departments, Chen Xun had to search for talents and teach everywhere.

Many departmental settings were established at Chen Xun's request. For officials in this era, the three departments and six ministries were already very powerful. Who would have thought that Chen Xun would establish dozens of ministerial-level state agencies.

Therefore, Chen Xun needs to be involved in drafting and improving what these departments need to do and their governance rules and regulations.

For example, the Ministry of Health is a department that was created from scratch.

In the previous feudal country, the Imperial Palace Hospital was the only health department. However, the Ministry of Health requested by Chen Xun needed to manage all doctors in the country, and also established public hospitals, medical schools, and nursing schools in various states and counties. School etc.

In addition, the epidemic prevention work is also under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health. This is a very arduous task, and we can only move forward step by step.

For example, the Ministry of Military Affairs was specially set up by Chen Xun in order to strengthen the political and ideological construction of the army. Military and political officers were assigned to the capital level. The number of military officials who needed to be trained was quite large.

With the current size of the imperial army, according to the ratio of 100:1, an army of more than 50 people would require 5000 military and political officers, and there are not even fifty ready-made.

This is still at the ministerial level.

At the court level, the Judicial Yuan is completely blank.

In the past, state and county officials were responsible for the part-time trial of cases. Now it is really difficult to make this completely independent.

Fortunately, all officials in this era basically understand the law, and there is no shortage of talents. All that is needed is systematic training for these old-school "judges."

The situation in the Overwatch Council is even worse. Even the available talents have to be retrained.

The Song Dynasty originally had a supervisory agency, and Yushitai was the country's highest supervisory agency. It was responsible for detecting evil officials, correcting discipline, debating major matters, and reporting on minor matters.

But the most painful thing for Chen Xun is that these censors are all talkers and have no practical operation or investigative ability, let alone systematic supervision of hundreds of officials.

In the end, Chen Xun could only recruit some people from the Military Intelligence Department and fill them into the Supervisory Yuan along with the Censor.

Equally difficult is the Procuratorate Department of the Judicial Yuan.

In the past, the people were not promoted and the officials were not investigated. Now Chen Xun requires the Procuratorate to play the role of the people, not the officials, and the officials are not investigated. This is different from the Supervisory Yuan, but the same thing is that it has to start from scratch. Cultivate usable talents.

Chen Xun no longer expects the procuratorial and supervisory departments to play any role in the first few years of the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Fortunately, the fault tolerance rate of the current Chinese Empire is high enough, and the people's tolerance for the new empire is also high enough. As long as some heinous crimes and popular complaints are dealt with in a timely manner, there will be no major troubles on the whole.

As long as the system is suitable, the country will have vitality, have the ability to improve itself, and will get better and better.

(End of this chapter)