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The Qin Dynasty army was mainly divided into three parts: capital troops, county troops, and border defense troops.

The capital troops were responsible for protecting the capital and the safety of the King of Qin, and were divided into three systems.

The imperial guards under the jurisdiction of the Langzhongling included the Chuanzhong and Zhonglang officials who were selected through selection, appointment by imperial descent, or special appointment for military merit. They were paid salaries and were mainly responsible for guarding the palace and accompanying the emperor. The number of these imperial guards was about several thousand.

The palace guards under the jurisdiction of the duwei were elite soldiers who served in shifts from the counties and prefectures. They were called Huben Guards. Their main duty was to guard the palace gates. There were about 10,000 of them.

The guards of the capital under the jurisdiction of the Weiwei were composed of regular soldiers from the Neishi area who served in rotation. Their main responsibility was to protect the safety of the capital. There were more than 10,000 of them. In special circumstances, the capital would have additional garrisons, and the number of soldiers depended on the situation, usually around tens of thousands. The total number of soldiers in the capital was about 100,000. Since they were in charge of the security of the capital and the safety of the King of Qin, the soldiers of the three systems were very elite.

County soldiers were regular soldiers who took turns to serve one year in the local military. They were under the jurisdiction of the county lieutenant and county lieutenant. They trained in peacetime and also managed local security. They were called up to fight in wartime.

Due to the different geographical environments, they are divided into three categories: officers (infantry), knights (cavalry), and naval officers (navy). Generally speaking, there are more knights in plains, more officers in mountainous and hilly areas, and more naval officers near rivers and lakes. Some counties have both officers and knights. The total number of county soldiers is about 500,000, scattered in various counties. The strength of a single county generally ranges from thousands to tens of thousands. Since county soldiers generally do not participate in large-scale wars and are only responsible for local security and public security, their combat effectiveness is relatively average.

Border guards included frontier knights, military officers, frontier garrison troops and frontier soldiers. Frontier knights or military officers were regular soldiers serving in the local area. Garrison troops were concentrated mobile combat troops, commanded by generals sent by the court. For example, Meng Tian led his troops to garrison in Shangjun, and the number of garrison troops was usually more than 100,000.

Wuzu included regular soldiers from various counties who served in rotation, exiled officials, merchants and farmers. In addition to scattered guard and lookout tasks, they also built and maintained military projects. The total number of border guards was about 300,000. Since they were responsible for direct external combat, they had the largest number of troops among the three major parts and their combat effectiveness was also extremely strong.

The total military strength of the Qin Dynasty was about one million people. Through such troop deployment, a relatively powerful military force was formed to maintain national stability and security.

The reason why the Qin Dynasty was able to conquer the world and its soldiers were brave and fearless was that they implemented a strict system of military merit. Soldiers who killed enemies and made meritorious contributions on the battlefield could be promoted to corresponding ranks and receive generous material rewards.

As long as an ordinary soldier kills an enemy "armored soldier", he can be promoted to a higher rank. With each promotion, his salary, land, house and number of servants will increase significantly.

This clear promotion and reward mechanism gave the soldiers a strong goal and motivation to fight bravely on the battlefield to gain higher status and wealth, which greatly stimulated their fighting spirit. Many soldiers of humble origins risked their lives on the battlefield to change the fate of themselves and their families, which boosted the overall morale of the Qin army.

Military merit not only benefits the soldiers themselves, but also their families. If a father dies on the battlefield, his merit can be credited to his son. If one person gets military merit, the whole family can benefit. Relatives who commit crimes or are freed from slavery can all be exchanged for military merit.

Moreover, soldiers’ food standards in the army varied according to their rank. Soldiers of higher ranks could get better food supplies, such as a third-rank rank (Zhan Niao) could get one dou of fine rice, half a liter of soy sauce, and a plate of vegetable soup, while soldiers of lower ranks and ordinary soldiers had relatively poorer diets. On the one hand, this difference in dietary treatment encouraged soldiers to work hard to improve their ranks in order to obtain better living conditions; on the other hand, it ensured that soldiers of high ranks and with military merit could have adequate nutrition, enhance their physical fitness, and thus maintain a good condition in battle.

Soldiers with high ranks can also receive better housing benefits, which provides them with a stable living environment, allowing them to better rest and recover their strength in order to cope with frequent wars and military missions.

Not only that, the Qin soldiers also have some privileges.

Starting from the rank of "no more", soldiers can be exempted from serving as soldiers (taking turns to serve in the army), and higher ranks can also be exempted from other labor. This is an important benefit for soldiers who have been fighting for a long time, which reduces their service burden and allows them to devote more time and energy to combat training and war. At the same time, it also makes them cherish their titles and honors more, further increasing their enthusiasm for participating in the war.

The Qin army's welfare system provided an opportunity for ordinary people to cross classes. Under the social environment at that time, it was very difficult for ordinary people to change their fate, but by joining the army and making meritorious contributions, they could gain titles, wealth and status, which attracted a large number of ambitious and capable people to join the army. These people were eager to prove themselves through war, bringing new vitality and combat effectiveness to the Qin army.

Moreover, since promotion mainly depends on military merit, generals at all levels of the Qin army were selected through actual combat. They had rich combat experience and excellent leadership skills, which improved the quality and combat effectiveness of the entire army.

Even if a soldier died in battle, his military merit and title could still be inherited by his family, which not only made the soldiers more fearless in battle, but also ensured the value of military merit. This system attracted more people to serve the Qin State, because they knew that their efforts would not be in vain due to death, and it also ensured that the combat effectiveness of the Qin army would not decline rapidly due to the casualties of soldiers.

………………

Shanglin Garden, on the banks of the Heshui River.

A brand new military camp rose from the land, standing like a fortress on the river bank. The sun shone on the walls of the military camp, emitting a faint golden glow.

The sound of drums and gongs was continuous and deafening. Han Xin and his companions stood on the city wall and looked down from a high position.

In the vast training ground, thousands of soldiers were neatly divided into several groups, each carrying out different training programs. Some were practicing formations, with upright postures and uniform steps, advancing or stopping to the rhythm of the golden drums, and each movement was full of strength and discipline; some were studying the flag and drum orders, focusing their eyes on the waving of the flags and the changes in the drum sounds, and responding quickly according to the signals, attacking or retreating, with agile and orderly actions. The whole scene looked well-organized and magnificent.

Looking at this enthusiastic training scene, Fan Kuai on the side could not help but feel deeply moved. He looked at Han Xin with admiration and emotion in his eyes and said, "Thinking back to the time when we entered the military camp together, who would have thought that now the captain can train and command a thousand men!"

Han Xin looked calm, his eyes still fixed on the soldiers below, and replied calmly: "Everyone started out as a recruit. I am no exception, I learned everything step by step. When I was a night watchman, I learned to be a squad leader, when I was a garrison leader, I learned to be a captain of a hundred, when I was a captain of a hundred, I learned to be a commander of five hundred..."

During his more than one year of military career, Han Xin was like a fish in the sea, giving full play to his talents in the army. With the support of Yi Huawei, he repeatedly made meritorious service in bandit suppression operations with his outstanding military wisdom and courageous decision-making, and gradually established his own prestige in the army.

Han Xin's years of painstaking research on the methods of training and managing soldiers finally came in handy. Not only did he apply the theoretical knowledge he learned to practice, but he also explored a unique and effective military strategy in the process of continuous practice.

While The Art of War discusses more about strategy and tactics, Wu Zi is more detailed and specific about the methods of training soldiers.

(Wu Zi: compiled by Wu Qi, Wei Wenhou and Wei Wuhou, it is one of the representative works reflecting the military thought of the pre-Qin period. It mainly discusses issues such as the concept of war, and has 6 chapters such as "Planning the State" and "Estimating the Enemy". The book emphasizes "cultivating culture and virtue internally and strengthening military preparations externally", that is, the country should pay attention to both internal political construction and external military strength.)
In the chapter "Managing Soldiers" of Wu Zi, many key issues such as marching, fighting, training, organizing troops, and command are elaborated in detail. It is mentioned that soldiers often fail in battle because they have no combat skills and are not familiar with the tactics. Therefore, when it comes to the method of using troops, training should be put first.

Han Xin skillfully applied it to the organization of the Qin army and formed a rigorous training system: "After the squad leader is trained, he is combined with the squad leader. After the squad leader is trained, he is combined with the garrison leader. After the garrison leader is trained, he is combined with the rate leader."

Once one person has learned the skills of fighting, he can teach ten people; once ten people have learned it, they can teach a hundred people; once a hundred people have learned it, they can teach a thousand people; once a thousand people have learned it, they can teach ten thousand people; once ten thousand people have learned it, they can train the entire army well.

Through this progressive training method, after more than a year of unremitting hard training, Han Xin is now able to command these 1,000 people with ease. Every soldier is like a chess piece in his hand, able to act accurately according to his instructions on the battlefield and exert the greatest combat effectiveness.

A Tiger Guard hurriedly ran up to the city wall and said, "Your Excellency, the Prime Minister is here."

…………Yi Huawei rode on his black horse and slowly approached the military camp.

When the group arrived at the main gate of the military camp, a row of soldiers holding halberds blocked their way. The leader shouted, "There is an order from the army. No horses are allowed to ride in the camp!"

"Xu~~~"

Ah Da was startled, and he shouted and yanked the reins. The horse, sensing his master's urgency, neighed and stopped abruptly.

A surge of rage suddenly surged in Ah Da's heart: "How dare you, you even dare to stop Lord Zhao! Don't you want to live?!" As he said that, he raised the whip in his hand and was about to swing it down.

"stop!"

Yi Huawei glanced at Ada indifferently. Although his voice was not loud, it carried an unquestionable majesty.

"grown ups!!"

Ada's hand stopped in mid-air, his face full of unwillingness.

Yi Huawei looked at the leading Tiger Guard and said calmly, "Go and inform Han Xin to come and see me."

"promise!"

The leading Tiger Guard bowed his hands in a neat and tidy gesture, then turned around and trotted into the camp.

After a while, several riders came galloping in the distance, raising a cloud of dust. The leader was Han Xin. He was wearing armor and looked very heroic.

As the horse approached, Han Xin dismounted neatly, strode to Yi Huawei, bowed respectfully and said: "Greetings, Lord Zhao. I am the commander of the army. Please forgive me for any offense. Lord, please!"

After saying this, Han Xin slightly turned sideways.

Yi Huawei smiled and said, "No problem. I am so happy for your strict military discipline that I cannot blame you! Everyone dismount and walk into the camp!"

Yi Huawei waved his hand, and although Ada and his men were unwilling, they had no choice but to obey the order and dismounted one after another. They were a little reluctant, but they did not dare to disobey the order.

When he entered the door, he saw a row of Tiger Guards standing with spears in hand, their eyes fixed solemnly. Yi Huawei couldn't help but nod secretly.

Following Han Xin, Yi Huawei carefully observed the layout of the camp and the status of the soldiers as he walked, and became more confident in Han Xin's abilities.

As soon as I entered the military camp, the atmosphere changed instantly, completely different from the quiet and solemn atmosphere outside the camp. In the open space of the camp, thousands of Tiger Guards were training hard on the martial arts field.

Some soldiers were concentrating on practicing crossbow archery, with the sound of arrows breaking through the air; others were practicing galloping on horses and driving chariots, with the horses' hooves raising clouds of dust. Several teams of soldiers were training in close combat with halberds and spears. During the training, a line of Qin soldiers roared, jumped left and right, stabbed straight, chopped diagonally, or hooked and cut, fighting until the dust flew and sweat poured down.

"Yes, you have already achieved your current momentum after only a few months of training."

Zhang Lehui nodded slightly towards Han Xin, his eyes full of appreciation, "Ask them to assemble."

"promise!"

Han Xin responded in a loud and firm voice. He then turned to Fan Kuai and ordered: "Order the drums to be beaten and gather together urgently!"

"promise!"

Fan Kuai took the order and left in a hurry. In a moment, the drums in the Tiger Guards camp sounded, and the soldiers came to the martial arts field one after another, moving quickly and orderly, and began to urgently line up according to the formations they had strictly practiced in normal times. In just one meal time, more than a thousand Tiger Guards had formed a complete military formation, which was indeed a well-trained iron-blooded army.

Suppressing his somewhat restless emotions, Yi Huawei carefully looked at the military formation.

In the center is the infantry phalanx, with three rows of crossbowmen at the front as the vanguard of the army. The three rows are to ensure the continuity and density of the rain of arrows, so as to exert continuous lethality on the battlefield. After the three rows of crossbowmen are spearmen, followed by halberd soldiers and halberd soldiers, forming a close combat army formation. At the end of the infantry formation are three rows of crossbowmen as the rear guard of the entire army, with the last row facing the rear to prevent the enemy from attacking from behind.

The row of soldiers on the left wing of the infantry phalanx faces left to protect the left wing of the phalanx from enemy attacks; similarly, the last row of soldiers on the right wing of the phalanx faces right to protect the right wing of the phalanx.

The Qin army phalanx had a front, rear, and two wings, with clear division of labor and close coordination, and could be called a tiger-like division. On the left side of the infantry phalanx was a cavalry column, with four cavalrymen in a group, three groups in a row, and nine rows, totaling 108 people, forming a cavalry column. On the right wing was a chariot phalanx, with a total of 32 chariots, arranged in rows of two.

The army formation was in good order, with a huge army of thousands standing still. Although it had not yet been launched, a majestic momentum was already overwhelming, making Yi Huawei's eyes gradually warm.

He can seize the enemy's spirit before fighting and defeat the enemy without fighting. No wonder he can dominate the world and be invincible. This momentum alone is enough to scare the enemy into submission.

Yi Huawei looked at the thousand-man formation and couldn't help thinking, how spectacular would it be if it was a ten-thousand-man formation? What a shocking scene it would be if a hundred thousand troops lined up in formation?
(End of this chapter)