Voyage of the Stars.

Chapter 883 Repulsive wave?
The topics of negative matter and negative energy obviously go beyond the existing human physical system. You must know that before these two things were confirmed to exist and studied, human physics was conducted within the framework of the standard particle model, but negative matter and negative energy were obviously not included.

The standard particle model has a total of 61 fundamental particles, including fermions and bosons. Fermions are particles with half-odd spin and obey the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state. Bosons do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle.

So we know that fermions are the particles that make up matter, while bosons are responsible for transmitting various interaction forces.

The so-called energy is actually also included in the calibration particle model.

But now scientists have discovered something that may be negative matter, which cannot seem to be explained by the standard particle model. It seems not to belong to this system and seems out of place.

After reaching this conclusion, scientists couldn't help but think of the graviton theory. According to the idea of ​​the standard model, if the graviton can be included in it, then it is a boson with spin 2, which is the factor that transmits gravity.

But for a long time, humans have not made any breakthroughs in the field of gravitons. Instead, they have made some seemingly plausible discoveries, but they are not gravitons.

Therefore, humans have had this understanding for a long time. Gravity is so special. It is unique and seems to be not in the same boat with the other three forces. It is very arrogant.

Over the long years, humans have tried to study it from different angles. For example, in quantum theory, the gravitational quantum is called the graviton, which is formed by decomposing the Riemann metric. In this theory, matter interacts with each other by exchanging such gravitational packets.

But this approach completely loses Einstein's beautiful geometric description, and unfortunately, all loops with loops inside them are infinite, which has prevented gravity and quantum theory from being unified in the past. Until now, the quantum gravity theory that unifies gravity and the other three forces is still the holy grail of physics.

So what does this have to do with the negative matter and negative energy that scientists are studying?

Of course there is. Negative matter is also not described in the standard model and is also seen as an important object in the exploration of the holy grail of the theory of everything. Humans believe that they can indirectly peek into gravity through research on it, and then integrate gravity into the grand unified theory to complete the puzzle of the theory of everything.

The Star Alliance led by humans docked in the void and lived here like void residents. They also studied this natural wormhole day by day. After discovering something that seemed to be negative matter, human scientists were very excited and established many related research projects with the support of the new human government.

Time passed in this research day after day, year after year, and eight years passed in the blink of an eye.

During this period of time, humans have made some progress in the study of negative matter. First, they confirmed that that thing is negative matter. Second, they proved that it is not negative energy but negative energy fields around natural wormholes that cause human detectors to react.

The negative energy field has a characteristic that human detectors will not respond when they are stationary or moving inside it, but will only respond when they are changing speed.

This discovery is considered by scientists to be a breakthrough in research, because this property is too similar to the formation of gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves. Oh no, to some extent, it is exactly the same. Because anyone with some scientific knowledge knows that any variable speed motion of a massive object will produce gravitational waves. It must be variable speed motion, not uniform speed. Of course, the object cannot be spherically symmetrical and the frequency of acceleration changes in the motion state must be higher than the minimum frequency of gravitational waves.

Similarly, according to Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, any variable speed motion of electric charges will produce electromagnetic waves.

Since negative matter is matter and its mass is not zero, will it also produce gravity when it moves at variable speeds when it is not spherically symmetric?
Scientists tried to study the discovered negative matter from the perspective of material analogy, but they encountered a big problem at the beginning, that is, how to make the detected negative matter move at a variable speed. Detection is not a problem, humans have many ways to detect gravitational waves, and they are very accurate.

In the Earth era, we can measure changes of one thousandth of the length of an atomic nucleus, that is, nanohertz-level gravitational wave detection. Now, needless to say, humans can detect any change.

As for how to make negative matter move at a variable speed, humans certainly have no way of extracting the negative matter now, nor do they know how to preserve it. So the idea is to use a large-mass detector to approach the surface of a natural wormhole with variable acceleration, and then let the negative matter be pushed and accelerated when it repulses with matter.

Everyone thought this method was feasible, but it was extremely difficult to actually conduct the experiment. There were many technical difficulties that had to be overcome. It took eight years of joint efforts by countless scientific teams to complete this experiment.

However, the experimental results dealt a heavy blow to mankind. The detector did not detect the gravitational waves, or repulsive waves, generated by negative matter. After all, human detectors are positive matter, which is repulsive force relative to the "gravity" generated by negative matter.

Of course, negative matter has negative mass. For negative matter itself, for example, when two neutron stars composed of negative matter collide, what they produce is actually called gravitational waves, which is of course for negative matter.

Humans were certainly upset when they did not detect the repulsive wave, after all, this was a huge departure from normal logic. Negative matter with negative mass has a gravitational reaction with each other, and the magnitude of the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, which is the conclusion humans have reached before.

In subsequent experiments, humans also detected a repulsive reaction between them and positive matter, and the magnitude of the repulsive force was inversely proportional to the square of the distance. These are in line with normal human logical thinking, and everyone thinks it is very reasonable.

However, it is unexpected that humans have not detected the existence of the "repulsive wave". At first, humans thought that their detectors were not accurate enough, or the negative mass of the negative matter block was not large enough, so that the frequency of its accelerated change in motion state was lower than the minimum value of the "repulsive wave" frequency.

But after countless experimental corrections, humans discovered that this was not the case. This negative matter experiment did show phenomena that went against human logic.

There is a reason why nature is so inevitable, and it is not necessarily correct to conform to one's own logic. After so many years in the starry sky, humans have long understood this.

So after a brief disappointment, the human scientific team devoted themselves to studying and analyzing the causes of this phenomenon, instead of standing in disbelief.

(End of this chapter)