Voyage of the Stars.

Chapter 935 Strings and Topological Defects
After the excitement, you still have to do what you need to do.

Scientific development needs to proceed step by step. Seeing the prospects only means that there is a direction. If you want to reach the destination, you still need to continue researching and exploring.

The road of special technology is not easy to walk, and people who are aware of this are mentally prepared for long-term investment.

Scientific research must continue, life must go on, and the journey to stardom must continue.

After bidding farewell to the Dayan civilization, the Star Alliance led by humans resumed its previous stop-and-go interstellar journey.

However, after reaching Level 5 civilization, human civilization no longer needs to stop and refuel as frequently as before. Due to the success of the new generation of warp engines, the range of human star-class ships with full fuel has reached 5,000 light years. The amount of load will cause some fluctuations in the range, but it is not much different.

So in recent voyages, human civilization stopped mainly to explore.

When passing through the interstellar space, if it finds a star that is a little special, it will stop for a while, send out a probe to collect data, and sometimes also mine some heavy element mines in the star system.

Used for daily consumption or material storage.

Although human civilization has matter-disintegration rays, it can only disintegrate heavy elements into light elements, but not the other way around.

In fact, according to the inference of human scientists, a level five civilization should be able to synthesize heavy elements. After all, the theory of everything can obviously explain the process of heavy element synthesis.

Of course, the super force field is used. Theoretically, the super force field that can be used for force field welding should also be able to be used to change the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, thereby changing the material of any object.

But in fact, humans can't do it. Maybe it is a special technology. In short, humans have done a lot of research based on the material disintegration ray technology, but there has been no progress.

However, there have been continuous good news in the field of cosmic strings. Even in the more than 100 years since then, human civilization has made many achievements in the study of the relationship between cosmic strings and dark matter and dark energy.

For example, human scientists have successfully used cosmic strings to explain some dark matter phenomena.

Before this, scientists tried to explain the phenomenon of dark matter through the study of cosmic microwave background radiation.

Because according to the Big Bang theory, the cosmic microwave background radiation represents the radiation remnant 300,000 years after the Big Bang. Before that, the temperature of ordinary matter was too high to form material agglomerates, and any atoms that attempted to agglomerate would be torn into pieces by the intense heat energy.

Dark matter is an exception because it does not interact with ordinary electromagnetic radiation and is not affected by the strong radiation field that existed 300,000 years before the Big Bang, so dark matter can clump together in advance.

Under the influence of gravity, dark matter will be the first to clump, that is, gather together, becoming the basis of material galaxies and large-scale tree structures of the universe.

This is the origin of the dark matter model in the current human universe model, which is like a sponge full of holes and oil. Each mesh structure of this sponge is the result of a large amount of dark matter agglomerating, and the galaxies in the visible universe are formed by the gravitational attraction of these dark matter and their attachment to it during the agglomeration process.

But now human scientists have determined that they have another way to explain this cosmic dark matter clumping.

That is, cosmic strings are produced through the mechanism of topological defects. The earliest understanding of cosmic strings by human scientists came from the understanding of ordinary phase transitions. Phase transitions are not smooth and uniform changes, but sudden events. That is, the microstructure formed from the atomic structure of matter begins to grow rapidly.

Melting, freezing, and boiling are all phase transitions. When a phase transition occurs, tiny defects appear like fault lines in the atomic lattice array, and then the defects become seeds for the formation of tiny ice crystals.

Based on this understanding, human scientists now use superstring theory to demonstrate the formation process of the dark matter network that permeates the universe.

They believe that during the cooling period of the Big Bang, the universe experienced topological defects similar to phase transitions. At that time, the universe was still in its early stages, and subatomic particles had just begun to cool. Their condensation process was a topological defect phenomenon.

Cosmic strings are similar to the condensed subatomic fields of the early universe. They have no endpoints and are not closed or infinitely long. Instead, they have some kind of topological defect phenomenon, which causes the one-dimensional fault lines to begin to cool shortly after the Big Bang and form a cosmic string that spreads throughout the universe and is entangled with each other.

The cosmic strings are intertwined, and through their violent movement and some form of vibration, gravitational wave tails appear, just like the melody produced by the plucking of a guitar string, which brings together pieces of matter to form the original dark matter web, which is also the largest structure in the universe.

This shows that cosmic strings can not only generate primitive electromagnetic fields through different vibration forms, but can also be interwoven into gravitational phenomena.

Now, human scientists plan to point the telescope at the Milky Way galaxy in which they live, and through observations from different locations and directions, add the latest theory of the relationship between cosmic strings and dark matter to redraw a detailed dynamic picture of the Milky Way.

It is detailed to the microscopic dimension level, providing a basic simulation platform for humans to predict the movements of stars in the Milky Way, galactic cruise positioning, predict astronomical phenomena, and so on.

At the same time, it also paves the way for future human exploration of cosmic strings and microscopic high-dimensional space-time.

At present, human scientists have begun to judge that certain microscopic shapes they observe through third-person perspective are consistent with the shape of four-dimensional hyperspace.

This discovery made scientists realize that it might be possible to study this microscopic high dimension by analogy with the study of hyperspace, although the latter is more complex.

In the process of studying microscopic high dimensions, scientists have also discovered that conventional mathematical rules are no longer applicable. Various mathematical operations in microscopic high dimensions are combined with another new rule of mathematics, namely the Grassmann mathematical rule. Perhaps because of the need to study microscopic high dimensions, or perhaps because it is also used in supersymmetry research, people prefer to call it supernumbers.

Its rules are probably new arithmetic operations like a×b=-a×b.

Over the past century, scientific theoretical achievements like this have emerged in large numbers. Each and every one of them is the crystallization of the wisdom of human civilization and a step on the road of human exploration of microscopic and high dimensions.

As human beings advance step by step in this way, when the accumulation of quantitative changes reaches a certain level, they will naturally master a special technology based on this field.

And so, hundreds and hundreds of years passed.

Human civilization has traveled thousands of light years and is now very far away from the star field where the microscopic demon appeared. Humans have finally decided to stop and rest, and by the way, demonstrate a scientific achievement of hundreds of years on the black hole.

(End of this chapter)