Let’s talk about Liaozhai at the beginning, I scared all the fans on the Internet to death

Chapter 327 It turns out that you have been making up stories all along.

of course.

In fact, when it comes to the preservation of written works, there must be a relatively big breakthrough in printing technology.

When printing technology was not particularly good, the cost of printing a work was generally very high.

This is why there are more Song poems than Tang poems.

This is because printing technology in the Song Dynasty advanced rapidly and prices dropped.

Can be in the Tang Dynasty.

Although printing technology has emerged, it is still very expensive and ordinary people cannot afford to print.

same.

There are also countless poems that have disappeared in the long river of history.

Also.

Printing technology also restricted poor people from keeping their works.

after all.

Such expensive printing technology.

Even some dignitaries may not be able to print many copies, let alone the poor.

At most they can only copy a few copies by hand.

But the possibility of losing this kind of handwritten copy is very high.

So many times, the poems we see are mostly written by officials, or by people who are very rich, or even by aristocratic families.

It's too far off topic.

Moving on to Aristotle.

"Um, um, Teacher Jiang Ning, could it be that in Aristotle's time, he couldn't write works and didn't have the vehicle to carry his works?"

At this time, some netizens asked.

Regarding this point, Jiang Ning also had to explain: "Of course."

Jiang Ning nodded: "If we put it in Aristotle's time, they would write works, and the carrier to carry the fonts would usually be sheepskin. But this sheepskin cannot be adult sheepskin, it must be lambskin. How big is a lamb? The skin of a lamb can only be used to make up to four quarter-sized pieces of parchment. At this size, you can generally only write 200-300 words, and one sheep can probably write 1000 words. If the complete works of Aristotle were 300 million words, it would require about 3000 lambs.”

"Perhaps, these 3000 lambs are not too many. Indeed, compared to the entire region, 3000 lambs are indeed not many. However, in the process of dissemination of the work, he cannot have only one copy. He needs to disseminate If so, he would need to make a copy of 3000 lambs. If he made 10 copies, that would be 3 lambs. With Aristotle’s reputation at that time, 100 copies or 1000 copies would not be enough. Consider it too much. In this case, the number of lambs needed is 30, 300 million. Even a king, let alone Aristotle, would not take such a huge amount. A lot of lambs were used to carry these words. Besides, it was not just Aristotle who wrote at that time, there were other people who could also write, and they also needed these lambs as resources. So in fact, Asia. Even if Ristotle was rich, he would not have so many lamb resources.”

History needs to be scrutinized.

Western civilization and Western history simply cannot withstand scrutiny.

It was a good thing that no one had questioned him before.

Once someone questions it, you will find that it is full of loopholes.

"My God, this is a lot of lambs to write a book."

Everyone was dumbfounded.

But that's exactly what happened.

otherwise.

You use bamboo slips like China.

But a pity.

Westerners do not know how to write using bamboo slips.

of course.

This is also related to the geographical environment.

but.

In order to be more rigorous, Jiang Ning said again: "The carrier of writing in the West at that time was not exclusively made of lambskin. Sometimes calfskin would also be used as the carrier of writing. But whether it was lambskin or calfskin, as it was at that time, With such a large volume, he would have to use up countless resources to carry these words.

In addition, there is another kind of papyrus invented in Egypt at that time. This kind of papyrus is somewhat like our current paper, but it is relatively rough and can be considered as a rough version of paper. Writing on papyrus, that's okay. With Aristotle's energy, he could also obtain more papyrus, although it was also more expensive. However, this kind of paper is not convenient to preserve. It can only be preserved for a hundred years if it is dry enough. "

but.

None of the above is the most important.

Jiang Ning talked about the last one, which is also the most important one.

"Maybe you don't know that the reason why I think Aristotle may not exist is not just the above speculations. The most important thing is that whether it is Aristotle or Aristotle's works, in Before the 13th century AD, there was no mention of them in any works in the West. Including Aristotle's works, the earliest version of his works was after the 13th century. This era happened to be the so-called Renaissance era in the West."

After saying this.

Jiang Ning chose to broadcast.

he knows.

He has said so much today, and everyone still needs to digest it.

……

"Oh my god, Teacher Jiang Ning said too much information today."

"Not only is it huge, it has completely subverted my understanding of Western culture."

"So, is there really no Aristotle?"

"I don't know, I'll check it out."

It can be said.

What Jiang Ning said in the live broadcast room today about Aristotle really aroused the discussion of countless people.

Not to mention the fan base on Jiangning's side.

Those who were not Jiang Ning's fan group started to stir up excitement when they heard Jiang Ning's statement.

"Brothers, shocking news, Jiang Ning said Aristotle does not exist."

“Jiang Ning’s live broadcast tells the truth about Western fraud.”

"Aristotle is a forgery."

Such news.

Don't say anything else.

The title alone is enough to attract people.

To know.

Who is Aristotle?

He is a Western saint, a figure similar to Confucius in China.

But at this time, Jiang Ning actually said that Aristotle did not exist.

In just a moment, thousands of comments appeared.

of course.

At first, some people wanted to scold Jiang Ning.

But after watching Jiang Ning's live video, countless netizens, like Jiang Ning's fans, opened their eyes wide, and some couldn't believe it.

But soon.

Some people reacted quickly.

"Hahaha, finally someone is questioning Western culture. Let me just say, a lot of Western culture is fake."

"Yes, no one said anything before, but now Teacher Jiang Ning has raised the banner and is giving it a thumbs up."

"I don't know if Aristotle exists, but I want to say that Teacher Jiang Ning's reasoning is impeccable."

"Brothers, I think Teacher Jiang Ning has given us a head start. You can take this idea one step further and study the so-called Western culture in depth. For example, are their cultural relics real and how many of them are there? Is it fake? How much of it is just making up stories?”

"Are you talking about those plaster-like sculptures?" "This is also part of it."

"Why does it feel like it was just carved last week?"

"Pfft... don't say that. It will take a certain amount of time to lie. However, I support what you say."

"Hahaha, don't worry, I'll look for evidence."

Yes.

Jiang Ning questioned the existence of Aristotle during the live broadcast.

He didn't just question Aristotle.

He wanted to make a breakthrough in questioning Aristotle and comprehensively sort out a history of Western fraud.

This is not.

Jiang Ning just made a start, but countless netizens were completely excited.

but.

Sometimes reality is so dramatic.

The West has yet to respond to Jiang Ning’s doubts.

A group of so-called elites in the country began to respond to Jiang Ning's doubts.

"I watched Teacher Jiang Ning's latest live broadcast yesterday. In fact, I have always liked Teacher Jiang Ning. But this time, Teacher Jiang Ning was really wrong. I don't know what purpose Teacher Jiang Ning had for questioning Aristotle. You know, Aristotle is one of the Three Saints in the West, more famous than Confucius. If he didn’t exist, would Western culture and Western values ​​still exist?”

"In response to what Teacher Jiang Ning said about the carrier of Aristotle's works, Teacher Jiang Ning actually said it. First of all, Aristotle is not an ordinary person, he is a nobleman, even a farmer, he has A lot of money, but also unparalleled power. No matter how much lambskin or calfskin is required, it goes without saying that Teacher Jiang Ning also mentioned papyrus. Why do you doubt it? "

"Haha, I also said that no one mentioned Aristotle before the 13th century, and that Aristotle's works only appeared after the 13th century. What I want to ask is, a series of ancient Chinese books, such as the Analects of Confucius , was it written by Confucius himself, or was there a person called Confucius? Can you prove it? "

no way.

Sometimes a large number of people are influenced by Western values.

Especially these so-called elites, so-called high-end intellectuals.

But a pity.

Jiang Ning did not answer at this time, but many netizens had already responded for Jiang Ning.

"Ouch, you dare to talk about Confucius. Although there are many things in our Chinese history that have not been recorded, and there are even many things that have been omitted. But I'm sorry, compared to the history that the West makes up casually, our Chinese history is simply a textbook. Textbook. That so-and-so actually mentioned the Analects of Confucius, so I will help you study the Analects of Confucius."

"First of all, the Analects was not written by Confucius. It was written by Confucius's disciples based on some of Confucius' words and deeds. However, it does not matter. Regardless of whether it was written by Confucius or not, we can completely prove that the book The Analects existed more than 2000 years ago. For example, He unearthed an Analects from the Warring States Tomb in Jingzhou. In addition, a copy of the Analects was unearthed from the Warring States Tomb in Wangjiazui. However, this book was not called the Analects at that time, but was called "Confucius Says."

"Not to mention our China, even in other countries, such as Fusang Country, they have a manuscript of the Analects of Confucius. This manuscript is from the Northern and Southern Dynasties period and has been for more than 1500 years. It has become a national treasure of Fusang Country. Apart from these, it is very unusual. Coincidentally, the Confucius family is a Chinese family that has existed for thousands of years. I will take you to the Confucius Temple later to see their family tree..."

have to say.

This response from netizens can be said to have beaten these people to a pulp.

How dare you talk about Confucius of China.

Don’t say it’s Confucius.

For other historical figures, it is also very easy to prove them.

This is mainly because.

These celebrities not only left behind works, but also a series of supporting evidence.

……

"Haha, even if it is proved that the Analects does exist and was indeed written during the Warring States Period, this cannot deny the existence of Aristotle. Didn't Teacher Jiang Ning say that there were no records of Aristotle before the 13th century? Sorry, I actually found it. There is a tablet called Paros in ancient Greece, and Aristotle is recorded on it.”

soon.

Another netizen retorted: "You have the nerve to mention the Paros Stele, then I would like to ask, the Paros Stele is made of marble. To inscribe on such a hard stone, Aristotle was in a There was no iron smelting technology in that era. How did he engrave Aristotle’s name and other words on it?”

"Secondly, let's take a look at this stone tablet again. This stone tablet is said to be a thousand years old. Brother, look at the picture. It's too new. It's not weathered at all. Hurry up and learn from our country. Just use old technology to avoid embarrassment.”

"Third, and most importantly, what I want to say is, how come the ancient Greek of more than 2000 years ago is exactly the same as modern Greek? I don't understand this very well. Is there anyone who understands this? Please give me some advice..."

This friend's response instantly made everyone laugh.

indeed.

Language is constantly changing.

It is impossible that the language used such words more than 2000 years ago still has such words now.

Take Chinese characters for example.

It has experienced oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, Qin seal scripts, Han scripts...and so on. Even in modern times, there are differences between traditional and simplified Chinese.

You come up with a text that is exactly the same as modern Greek, this, this, this... is it too unprofessional?

of course.

What's also unprofessional is their distressing techniques.

We really need to learn from our fellow countrymen.

but.

Some people still refused to give up, and he continued: "In addition to the Paros Stele, there are also other things that can prove Aristotle. For example, there was a philosopher Eugenius in ancient Greece. He wrote in his "Acts of the Philosopher" Aristotle is recorded in it, and it also contains the famous sayings left by Aristotle. You must know that Eugenius's era was about the same as Aristotle's, which was more than 2000 years ago. forward."

This is faster.

Another netizen replied directly: "I'm sorry, the "Words and Actions of Philosophers" you are talking about did not exist before the 13th century. In fact, this book only appeared in the 17th century. Excuse me, people in the 17th century How to prove whether people existed more than 2000 years ago? This is falsification. Also, please prove whether there was such a person as Eugenius more than 2000 years ago.”

This made everyone burst into laughter.

But some people are just too poisoned. Then, another public intellectual said: "What a show, I still need to prove the existence of Aristotle. Go to the British Museum to see the manuscripts of Aristotle." Papyrus, this is a real culture from more than 2000 years ago.”

But this caused some serious netizens to reply: "Papyrus from more than 2000 years ago? Are you sure? Let's take a look at the Declaration of Independence written on parchment by the United States more than 100 years ago. Can you still read the words clearly? ? Let’s take a look at the papyrus you call more than 2000 years ago. Let’s not talk about how this papyrus was preserved. How can the writing on it be preserved for thousands of years and be recorded so clearly? There was no Chinese ink at that time. They used octopus ink, which has problems even if it lasts for 100 years, let alone a thousand years.”

"Another one, you actually said that this papyrus is from more than 2000 years ago. Very good, then does the British Museum dare to conduct a charcoal 14 date on this papyrus?"

boom……

The heat wave is getting more and more fierce.

It's okay if Jiang Ning didn't say it before.

This statement has caused countless people to fully question Western culture.

Especially the Carbon 14 dating mentioned here.

basically.

As long as there are many cultural relics unearthed in the West, he will not do charcoal 14 dating.

So many times you will see that most of the cultural relics unearthed in the West are gypsum, stone and other cultural relics.

Because this cannot be dated, it is difficult for you to determine what era he is in.

As for the wooden ones, because they can be dated using 14 charcoal, you basically can’t see them.

But even some of them can be dated.

Excuse me.

The West has started to act rogue, and they just don’t carry out carbon 14 dating.

But do you think the West can always act like a hooligan?

sometimes.

If he plays a gangster too many times, he will also expose his secrets.

I don’t know if it was due to Jiang Ning’s influence or if it was accidental.

While the domestic side continues to question Western culture, the Western media exposed a piece of bombshell news that the Dead Sea Scrolls were forged.

The Dead Sea Scrolls were works written on papyrus more than 2000 years ago. (End of chapter)

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