The great man will live forever

Chapter 260 The persistence and bottom line we should have

Liu Han said it very sincerely and with great care, but Liu Xiu did not let him go to the battlefield after all. After all, he was only 12 years old, and it was calculated according to ancient times. In fact, he was only 11 years old in later generations. In ancient times, he was generally considered older. One year old, including the 10 months of pregnancy.

Before leaving, Liu Han said to Liu Xiu: "Father, they are trapped beasts and are extremely vicious. Since they sent people to assassinate General Laishe, they will also send people to assassinate other generals. Be careful about this.

For example, Wu Han and Cen Peng, you have to let them pay attention, and Wu Han likes to plunder, but if Shuzhong is conquered, it will naturally belong to the Han Dynasty. You must not plunder, and you must not lose the support of the people. What happened in Nanyang was still vivid Now, Father, you must pay more attention. "

The Twenty-Eight Generals of Yuntai, many people may have heard of this title, but would you like to tell them specifically who they are and what their achievements are?
  Even if you ask a person who is a history buff, who knows the name of each of them, it can be said that it is rare to know more than three.

They are:
  Grand Tutor Gaomi Hou Deng Yu, Grand Sima Guangping Hou Wu Han, Left General Jiaodong Hou Jia Fu, Jianwei General Geng Yan, Zhijinwu Yongnu Hou Kou Xun, Zhengnan General Wuyang Hou Cenpeng,

General Yangxia Hou Feng Yi, general Jianyi, Hou Jizu, general Yingyang, Hou Jingdan, Hou Jingdan, Huya general Anpinghou Gaiyan, Weiwei Anchenghou Yaoqi,

Dongguanghou Gengchun, the governor of Dongjun, Langlinghou Zanggong, the commander of the city gate, Mawu, the captive general Yangxuhou,

Hussars General Shenhou Liu Long, Zhongshan Prefect Quanjiao Hou Ma Cheng, Henan Yin Fucheng Hou Wang Liang,

Langya Governor Zhu Ahou Chen Jun, Hussar General Shenzhen Hou Du Mao, Jinu General Kunyang Hou Fujun,

Zuo Cao, Marquis Jiantan of Hefei, Marquis Huailing Wangba, the governor of Shanggu, Renguang the Marquis of Aling, the governor of Xindu,

The governor of Yuzhang was Zhongshui Marquis Li Zhong, the right general Huaili Hou Wanxiu, the Taichang Lingshou Marquis Pitong, and the Xiaoqi General Changcheng Marquis Liu Zhi.

This is very strange. Even ordinary passers-by can name a few of the founding heroes of the past dynasties.

For example, Wang Jian, Meng Tian, ​​and Li Si of the Qin Dynasty, Xiao He, Han Xin, and Zhang Liang of the Western Han Dynasty, Du Yu and Yang Hu of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty’s Generalissimo Gao Jun, his patron Wang Yang Lin, Shangzhu State He Ruobi, Yue Wang Yang Su, and Da There were many governors, Yu Juluo, in the Tang Dynasty, including Fang Xuanling, Du Ruhui, Li Jing, Yuchi, Jingde, Cheng Yaojin, Qin Qiong, etc.

In addition, there are Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, and Liu Bowen of the Ming Dynasty. Even the names of the Yuan and Qing dynasties are not easy to remember. There are also Subotai, Zhebie, Zhelemi, Kublai, and Obai. , Generals like Dorgon are familiar with them.

Only the founding heroes of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty were neglected among the people. However, the Northern Song Dynasty was okay, and there was no such thing as the 28 Yuntai Generals, and the Yang family generals were quite famous. As for the Eastern Han Dynasty, I tried so hard to come up with a noble title, but after 2000 years passed, no one could tell me his name.

The only one who was relatively famous in that era was Ma Yuan, who gained some popularity through the idiom "horse leather shroud" and the performance of his descendants Ma Teng and Ma Chao in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms novels. He was not among the twenty-eight generals of Yuntai, so here What is the reason?

In later generations, there are many theories on the Internet. Some people say that these 28 people have different levels of skills. Some people say that these people have too much water and are too weak.

But when it comes to this dish, some people are quite good at it. Aren’t they considered gods by future generations?

After all, they were able to stand out from Liu Xiu's many men, whether it was due to proper planning, outstanding military exploits, or to win over the forces behind them, so there would always be merit, right?

It's not that you can't praise someone hard, and as long as you praise them well, how many ordinary people will verify the lives of those characters?
  This is the key to this matter. Who among the ordinary people would read the official history?

What everyone reads are novels. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, there was "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", in the Sui and Tang Dynasties there was "The Complete Biography of the Tang Dynasty", in the Ming Dynasty there was "The Heroes of the Ming Dynasty", and even worse, there was "The Story of Heaven and the Dragon Slayer", which would make Chang Yuchun and the like look embarrassed. Ripe.

As for Xiao He, Han Xin, and Zhang Liang of the Western Han Dynasty, they also made cameo appearances in a large number of novels and folk stories because they debuted early, such as my ovary and Xiao He.

As for Han Xin, he is known as the walking idiom dictionary. There are 34 idioms related to him.

Let’s look back at the story of the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Except for a relatively niche book called "The Romance of the Later Han Dynasty" during the Republic of China, there is basically nothing else.

The most powerful thing in the world is time and forgetfulness. Unless these historical figures have done particularly great things and are written down in textbooks, if they want to remain popular among the people hundreds or thousands of years later, they must rely on literature. of works.

Then why doesn’t anyone write about Liu Xiu? So much so that the meteorite that fell from the sky in the marketing account has become his label.

Well, there are three main reasons for this. One is that Liu Xiu's era did not have an outstanding opponent that could match him.

Although the role of novels is very important, as the subject of novels, the era was exciting enough and it is also the guarantee that related literary works will eventually become popular. These are complementary to each other.

For example, Liu Bang versus Xiang Yu, sparks hit the earth, and the Three Kingdoms, Sun Cao and the Liu family are also full of talents. Not to mention Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan, their subordinates Zhuge Liang, Sima Yi, Guan Yunchang, Zhao Zilong, Guo Jia, Zhou Yu, and Lu Xun are all Not ordinary people.

In the troubled times of the late Sui Dynasty, in addition to Li Yuan, Li Shimin and his son, other rebels such as Wang Shichong and Dou Jiande were not fuel-efficient lamps.

Even before the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Chen Youliang and Zhang Shichen formed a tripartite force with Zhu Yuanzhang in the south.

The opponents Liu Xiu faced were basically thieves, such as Bronze Horse, Datong, Gao Hu, Chonglian, Tiejin, Daqian, Yulai, Shangjiang, etc. Except for the strongest Green Lin and Red Eyebrow, the others Ordinary people have never heard of most of them, let alone any heroes in them.

Secondly, even when facing these opponents, Liu Xiu took a long time to complete the process, and the fight could be said to be quite slow.

Speaking of the strongest Lu Lin and Red Eyebrow, they both have a very good chance of winning the world. They basically have to kill themselves there. Liu Xiu is watching you. I will stand still and send troops when they are about to die. Sit back and reap the benefits.

It can be said that Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu was stable and smart, and Liu Xiu was indeed very good at recruiting and dividing forces.

But you can also say that these 28 generals are incompetent and can only be drawn slowly, but no matter how they are used as writing materials, they really don’t feel any fun at all.

The third is that among the 28 people, there are more or less flaws or shortcomings in themselves. For example, Deng Yu, who ranked first, suffered repeated defeats and defeats.

Wu Han, who ranked second, and Geng Yan, who ranked fourth, both liked to massacre the city.

The 18th Wang Liang repeatedly disobeyed Liu Xiu's orders. The 23rd Wang Ba, whose name is not very auspicious, was sent to recruit troops, but he was ridiculed by the people for not having any ministers...

It is somewhat inappropriate to write these plots into a novel and also use it as the story of an entrepreneurial team.

Of course, another important reason why General 28 is not famous is that as the protagonist of this era, Liu Xiu's personal ability is too strong.

Unlike famous generals in other periods who often took charge of their own affairs, during Guangwu Liu Xiu's entrepreneurial process, almost all major battles were commanded remotely from his base camp. It is said that Liu Xiu was good to his heroes, and the vast majority of them died well. On the one hand, Liu Xiu's government was very good at using hostages to restrain his subordinates. This method was also used by Cao Cao. I love using it and learned it very clearly.

On the other hand, Guangwu Liu Xiu himself was actually the biggest contributor to the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Others could not pose a threat to him at all. In addition, he had a good son, Liu Zhuang, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty. Naturally, he did not have to fight for protection like Lao Zhu did in his later years. Zhu Yunwen went on a killing spree.

In the final analysis, this opponent is not strong, the process is mediocre, and the performance is unstable. In addition, there is a super awesome boss above his head, so he lacks storytelling and is not favored by future novel creators. It should be that 28 will gradually The reason why it was lost to everyone.

Especially the massacre of the city, Liu Xiu's generals liked it. This was particularly bad. No matter who it was in that era, it was a naked crime to burn, kill and loot unarmed people.

There are records of the massacre in the Later Han Dynasty.

For example, "The Book of the Later Han·Zhu You Biography" says: "The generals led many troops, and many of them surrendered. They were based on conquering the city and did not have the merit of the first rank. They also prohibited the soldiers from robbing the people. The soldiers were happy and indulgent, and they often complained about it."

"Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Feng Yi Zhuan" states: "The Third Assistant was attacked by Wang Mang and Gengshi. They focused on the cruelty of Chi Mei and Yan Cen. They were devastated and had no basis for complaint. Today's conquest does not necessarily involve massacre of the city. It is necessary to gather ears in peace and security. The generals are not incompetent in fighting, but they are fond of plundering. You are capable of controlling officials and want to cultivate your own edicts, so you will not suffer for the counties."

"Book of the Later Han·Huan Tan Biography": "Your Majesty Tan Fu watched His Majesty's troops, and the people who surrendered did not have heavy rewards to offer favors or inducements, or they went to the captives to plunder their property, so the soldiers were led by the commander Qu, and everyone was suspicious, and the party members A connection that time cannot understand.”

"Book of the Later Han·Gongsun Shu Biography": "On the Ming Dynasty, Cen surrendered to Wu Han. Nai Yishu's wife wiped out Gongsun's family, and merged the clan with Yan Cen. Then he sent troops to plunder and burn Shu's palace."

"Book of the Later Han Dynasty": "When Guangwu and Wu arrived, they jointly settled Handan, but the generals who supported and plundered did not share the inheritance, so Guangwu was deeply jealous of it."

In "Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Ren Guangzhuan", Shizu said: "How about you having few soldiers?" Guang said: "You can raise your troops and go out to attack the nearby counties. If those who don't surrender, let them be plundered. People are greedy for money, so the soldiers can It's caused by the invitation." Shizu followed it.

There are so many kinds, I don’t know how many.

Even Liu Xiu's hometown Nanyang County (the land of Longxing) was not spared. In the end, Deng Feng was forced to rebel and revolt to take revenge. However, his army looted his imperial hometown. It was really ironic.

"The emperor sent Wu Han to attack them, but the Han army invaded and invaded too much. At that time, Deng Fengye, the general of Polu, returned to Xinye. He was angry at Wu Han and looted his hometown. He then returned, defeated the Han army, captured their baggage, and settled in Tuoyang, and fought with them. All thieves cooperate."

Of course, Wu Han was the one who liked looting the most, so before Liu Xiu set off, Liu Han gave special instructions. Liu Xiu was very pleased, nodded in agreement, and greatly praised Liu Han.

Relying on Junmo's words to seal the affairs of the princes, one will succeed in a thousand bones.

Ancient Chinese history, to a certain extent, can also be regarded as a history of war. A war often takes thousands of lives.

There are many soldiers who died on the battlefield, but many more are innocent civilians.

Since ancient times, when things prosper, people suffer; when things die, people suffer.

In ancient wars, massacres were common as a military method. This was an extremely cruel and bloody act. However, if placed in the context of the time, the existence of massacres had a certain rationality.

The first is the reasonable plunder of materials. As the saying goes, food and grass go first before the soldiers and horses are moved. Logistics is often the key factor that determines the outcome of a war. Only sufficient logistics supplies can ensure the combat effectiveness of the army.

Even if we fight on our own territory, it is difficult to fully guarantee logistics, let alone if we fight within the enemy's sphere of influence.

Therefore, army commanders often order massacres of cities and plunder supplies from the people. Some people will say, can't supplies be obtained in a peaceful way?
  the answer is negative! We all know that good money is hard to part with. Even when faced with the threat of death, many people are unwilling to give up their property. After all, taking someone else's money is like killing their parents.

Not to mention that in an era of war, it would be difficult to survive without food. Therefore, the efficient and fast plundering method of massacre has become the first choice of many generals.

If one's own family is not good, then one should rob the enemy's.

Second, massacre can exert pressure and deter the enemy.

When a person has a bad reputation, people tend to be afraid of him. This is a simple and easy-to-understand truth.

This is true for individuals, and it is true for the military as well. When an army massacres a city, the army fighting it will often be under tremendous psychological pressure. This pressure is even more obvious for the people standing on the opposite side.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao led his army to attack Jingzhou. Facing the menacing Wei army, Liu Cong, the then shepherd of Jingzhou, directly chose to surrender.

The reason why Liu Cong, the shepherd of Jingzhou, surrendered so quickly was because Cao Cao liked to massacre cities.

"In the fourth year of Chuping, Cao Cao attacked Qian and defeated Fuyang in Pengcheng. Qian retreated to protect Tan, but Cao couldn't defeat him, so he returned. He passed through Lu, Juling, and Xiaqiu, and massacred them all. Hundreds of thousands of men and women were killed. , there are no chickens or dogs left, and the Surabaya River does not flow."

The reason why Bai Qi is called the Human Massacre is because he killed hundreds of thousands of Zhao's surrendered troops.

Of course, compared with the massacres of the later Yuan Dynasty, especially the Manchu and Qing Dynasties, these are not worth mentioning.

The Manchu and Qing Dynasties entered the customs in order to frighten the enemy and plunder. What about the Ten Days of Yangzhou, the Three Massacres of Jiading, the Massacre of Suzhou, the Massacre of Nanchang, the Massacre of Ganzhou, the Massacre of Jiangyin, the Massacre of Kunshan, the Massacre of Jiaxing, the Massacre of Haining, the Massacre of Jinan The massacre of Jinhua, the massacre of Xiamen, the massacre of Chaozhou, the massacre of Yuanjiang, the massacre of Zhoushan, the massacre of Xiangtan, the massacre of Nanxiong, the massacre of Jingxian, the massacre of Datong, Fenzhou, Taigu, Bizhou, Zezhou...

It's simply horrific, barbaric, and heart-wrenching.

Countless people and lives were like ants on the ground in front of them, not worth mentioning.

No matter what others do, Liu Han will never massacre the city, nor will he allow his men to massacre the city.

He will always remember that in 1949, when the people's soldiers entered Shanghai without entering their homes, they huddled on the side of the road in the cold night, and did not take a single step from the masses. The iron-like discipline was the beckoning of civilization and faith to the world...

A cave is dark, but as long as light shines in, darkness is no longer its destiny;

The ocean is isolated and the desert is dangerous, but as long as someone crosses it, isolation is no longer their fate.

Some things must always be persisted, no matter failure or success!
  (End of this chapter)