The great man will live forever

Chapter 325 Don’t be afraid

In the year 192 AD, on June st, the sky was clear and the wind was gentle. Zhang Ning, the saint of peace, raised a hundred thousand troops to attack Youzhou.

She is divided into four armies, Taiping, Shaowu, Huangtian and Shenji. Each army has 25,000 men. Five thousand are divided into one school, which is divided into left, right, front and center. There are twenty schools in total.

Feng Zhoucang was made a mighty general and the commander of the Taiping Army; Peng Tuo was made a Fenwu general and the deputy commander of the Taiping Army.

Han Zhong was General Guangwei and the commander of Shao Wu's army; Sun Xia was General Zhenwei and deputy commander of Shao Wu's army.

Zhao An is General Fubo and the commander of Huang Tianjun; Bu Si is General Yehu and the deputy commander of Huang Tianjun.

Guan Hai was General Weiyuan and the commander of the Shenji Army; He Yi was General Jianzhong and the deputy commander of the Shenji Army.

Gongsun Du was the captain of the garrison cavalry school, led the Taiping Council (accompanying the army's military advisor), and was in charge of the Taiping lieutenant colonel.

Donghong Boyu is the captain of the Sheyue School, the leader of the Taiping Council (the military advisor), and the lieutenant colonel of Shenyue.

Weiwei Liyan was appointed as Colonel Chang Le, leading the Taiping Council (the military advisor), and was in charge of Lieutenant Colonel Huang Tian.

At that time, Langya County was part of Xuzhou, and Xuzhou was under the jurisdiction of Tao Qian. Then Cao Song was killed by Tao Qian inexplicably.

From west to east, Youzhou has Dai County, Shanggu County, Zhuo County, Guangyang County, Yuyang County, Youbeiping County, Liaoxi County, Liaodong Territory, Liaodong County, Xuantu County, and Lelang County.

The countermeasure now is to let the troops recharge their batteries and hold firm first. The thieves will be unable to fight even if they want to attack. Wait until their momentum is low, and then select elite soldiers to defeat them. "

When he was young, he was upright and ambitious. Later, he followed the Zuo chariot general Huangfu Song to fight against Beigong Boyu and was appointed Yangwu captain. Later, he followed Zhang Wen to conquer Han Sui and Bian Zhang.

This description is very simple, basically only knowing three pieces of information.

He was once promoted as a talented person and served as the imperial censor. In the sixth year of Zhongping (189), Liu Hong passed away. Dong Zhuo came to Beijing to take exclusive power. With the words of Shangshu Zhou Ao, Chengmen school captain Wu Qiong and others, he paid homage to Liu Hong, the imperial censor. Dai was the governor of Yanzhou.

Later, Dong Zhuo ordered the capital to be moved to Chang'an, the palaces were burned, and the princes scattered and attacked each other. Liu Dai was at odds with Qiao Mao, the prefect of Dongjun. He killed Qiao Mao and led the prefect of Dongjun with Wang Gong.

Liu Dai planned to send troops to attack, but Bao Xin dissuaded him and said: "Now there are millions of traitors. The people are frightened and shocked. The soldiers have no fighting spirit and cannot be resisted. I see that the traitors and their families are mixed together, following each other. There is no baggage in the traitor army." Food and grass are just plundered to survive.

First, Cao Song was in Xuzhou, second, Cao Song was killed by Tao Qian, and third, Cao Cao wanted revenge.

In the fifth year of Zhongping (188), the Yellow Turbans rose in Xuzhou. Tao Qian was appointed as the governor of Xuzhou by the imperial court. He defeated the Yellow Turbans in Xuzhou, promoted farming, and restored production.

Therefore, Cao Cao wanted revenge. After all, the hatred for killing his father was irreconcilable.

As for why Tao Qian wanted to kill Cao Cao? When was he killed? How? That's completely unknown.

So Cao Song moved his family to Langya for refuge, that is, from today's Bozhou, Anhui to the vicinity of Linyi, Shandong.

In other words, after Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, left the court, he first returned to his hometown of Qiao County. After Dong Zhuo's rebellion, the princes of Shandong united to attack him. Qiao County was relatively close to Luoyang and was in danger.

When Tao Qian was the governor of Xuzhou, the Yellow Turbans in Qingzhou and Yanzhou in the north were rising one after another, but Xuzhou was relatively peaceful, the people were prosperous, the granaries were full of grain, and refugees from Qingzhou, Yuzhou and other places (such as Zheng Xuan, Xu Shao, etc.) also flocked there Xuzhou.

Let’s talk about Xuzhou Tao Qian. He was also very powerful. He was originally a Zhusheng and served in prefectures and counties. He was promoted as a talented person and served successively as the magistrate of Shu and Lu counties, the governor of Youzhou, and Yilang.

First of all, the statement in "The Chronicles of Emperor Wu of the Three Kingdoms" is very simple, that is: "In the spring of the first year of Xingping, Taizu returned from Xuzhou. At the beginning, Taizu Song returned to Qiao after he resigned from the official position. During Dong Zhuo's rebellion, he took refuge in Langxie and became Tao. He was harmed by Qian, so Taizu aspired to take revenge and march eastward."

Liu Rengong General Zhang Liang recruited an army and took control of Taiping Mansion in Xiangping City, under the jurisdiction of Xuantu, Lelang County and Liaodong County.

Therefore, he did not adopt Bao Xin's advice and insisted on going to war. As a result, he was defeated and killed.

As a result, Liu Dai felt that he was very powerful. He was not afraid of Dong Zhuo, but would he be afraid of the little Yellow Turban?

To put it simply, this guy is popular among the people, has a good reputation, and is suitable for farming, but he is really bad at fighting, and he was beaten up by Cao Cao later.

So, why did Tao Qian want to kill Cao Song? Who did it?
In fact, Cao Song's death is an unsolved case in history books, and there are at least four theories.

But how could Liu Dai be Cao Cao's opponent? If he hadn't been a righteous man and was appointed the governor of Yanzhou by the imperial court, he would have been killed by Cao Cao long ago.

To the west of Qingzhou is Jizhou, with Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan, to the south are Yanzhou and Xuzhou, Yanzhou has Cao Cao and Liu Dai, and Xuzhou has Tao Qian.

Because in April of the third year of Chuping (192), the Qingzhou Yellow Turban Army attacked Yanzhou, killed Zheng Sui, the Prime Minister of Ren City, and transferred to Dongping.

In the first month of the first year of Chuping (190), Liu Dai and Bohai Prefect Yuan Shao, Hou General Yuan Shu, Jizhou Mu Han Fu, Yuzhou Governor Kong Niao, Hanoi Prefect Wang Kuang, Chenliu Prefect Zhang Miao, Guangling Prefect Zhang Chao, Dongjun Prefect Qiao Mao, Shanyang Governor Yuan Yi, Jibei Prime Minister Bao Xin and others raised troops in Guandong to attack Dong Zhuo, and everyone recommended Yuan Shao as the leader of the alliance.

A hundred thousand troops set out from Xinchang, passed through Wulu and Wangping, and attacked the Liaodong vassal states and Liaoxi counties.

Many accidents occurred in the history of the Three Kingdoms that changed the direction of history. For example, the murder of Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, in Xuzhou was such an accident.

If Cao Song had not died, Cao Cao might not have aggressively attacked Xuzhou, and Liu Bei would not have had the chance to take control of Xuzhou.

Then Cao Cao's opportunity came. With the help of Chen Gong and Bao Xin's support, Cao Cao captured Yanzhou.

Therefore, Pei Songzhi later supplemented the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms with other books.

Now Liaodong County, Xuantu County, and Lelang County are all under Zhang Ning's control. She gave up taking the waterway to Qingzhou, mainly because the current shipbuilding technology is far less developed than later generations, and going to Qingzhou is easy to be besieged.

It is a pity that Zhang Ning took away the elite Yellow Turbans from Qingzhou. Although there were still Yellow Turbans in Qingzhou, there was also chaos, but it was far from as large as it was in history, with millions of people.

Moreover, Zhang Ning also arranged for people to cross the sea from time to time, take in the homeless people near Penglai, and then return to Liaodong. Otherwise, Liaodong could not develop easily. How could there be 200 million people and elite soldiers?
This time it was a bit embarrassing. Liu Dai was not dead and Cao Cao was ambitious. The two still clashed and started fighting in Yanzhou.

Therefore, if Cao Song had not died, all history might have been different.

Afterwards, he followed the advice of Wang Lang and Zhao Yu to send envoys to Beijing to pay tribute, and was granted the title of General Anton and Xuzhou Mu, and was granted the title of Marquis of Liyang.

Liu Dai is the nephew of Liu Chong, a virtuous minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and can be regarded as a royal family member.

After Gongsun Zan was eliminated by Yuan Shao, if Liu Bei did not move to Xuzhou, he might die in battle, or he might fall under Yuan Shao's command.

At this time, Liu Bei was still in Pingyuan County. He was Gongsun Zan's subordinate. He was also Gongsun Zan's junior brother. Both of them had studied with Lu Zhi for a period of time.

In the original history, he should be dead now.

If Liu Bei had not taken control of Xuzhou, he would most likely have followed Gongsun Zan.

Pei Songzhi, whose courtesy name was Shiqi, was a native of Wenxi County, Hedong County (now Wenxi County, Shanxi Province). He was an official and historian in the Eastern Jin and Liu Song Dynasties.

She, her son Pei Xiang, and her great-grandson Pei Ziye are known as the "Three Pei's in History".

Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, Liu Yilong, believed that the records in "Three Kingdoms" written by Chen Shou were too brief, and ordered Pei Songzhi to make supplementary annotations for it.

Pei Songzhi searched extensively for information and wrote carefully. In the sixth year of Yuanjia (429), he wrote "Notes on the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms"

After Cao Song's death, Pei Songzhi quoted two additional books in "Annotation of the Three Kingdoms", called "Shiyu of Wei and Jin Dynasties" and "Book of Wu".

Looking at the titles of historical books is a big clue, because the titles can well reflect the position of the person who wrote the book.

"Shiyu of the Wei and Jin Dynasties" is named after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, which not only explains the historical period of the content in the book, but also shows that the book is based on the Cao, Wei and Jin dynasties as its orthodoxy.

"The State of Wu" is the official history book of the State of Wu in the Three Kingdoms, and it must be based on the State of Wu as the orthodox one.

Chen Shou wrote "Three Kingdoms" based on the Guanxiu history books of Cao Wei and Soochow. Only the Shu book was written by Chen Shou himself. Therefore, "Three Kingdoms" is the same thing. Wei Shu, Wu Shu, Shu Shu The positions and opinions of the books are sometimes very different.

Part of the Wei book is definitely based on the Wei state, so the statements in "Three Kingdoms Chronicles of Emperor Wu" and "Wei and Jin Shiyu" are basically the same.

However, "Shiyu of the Wei and Jin Dynasties" added a lot of details. It said that at that time, Cao Cao occupied Yanzhou and had his own territory. He wanted to take his father over from Langya and sent a team of people to take over. As a result, Tao Qian learned about it. After hearing the news, they sent people to intercept Cao Song and kill them all.

This seems quite believable at first glance, because there are so many details. For example, Cao Song could have escaped from the back wall, but ended up being too fat to climb over, so he had to hide in the toilet and was killed in the end.

But the biggest question here is why Tao Qian did this?
Tao Qian and Cao Cao have always been rivals, and they have fought several battles before, so they have a certain motive. But the problem is that Cao Song has been in Langya County, Xuzhou. Why did he not kill him earlier and later, but he had to wait until now.

The only possible explanation is that Tao Qian didn't know Cao Cao was in Xuzhou before, but now he knew it, so he sent someone to kill him.

But since Cao Cao dared to pick him up in a big way, it proved that the relationship between him and Tao Qian was not that bad, and there was no personal enmity between Tao Qian and Cao Cao, so killing Cao Song would have no benefit at all.

Unless you hate him to the extreme, who would kill your father? A man rules the world with filial piety, so he will fight until death. For example, when Xiang Yu captured Liu Bang's father and wife, he did not kill them. Of course, this was also due to Liu Bang's rogueness and strategy, as well as Xiang Yu's character.

There was also the Battle of Chibi later in history, where Cao Cao was deliberately let go because he was afraid of revenge from Cao Cao's son Cao Pi.

Hua Rong's moral righteousness to let Cao Cao go is a wonderful scene in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", but there is no such good scene in history.

Of course there is Huarong Road, and Cao Cao did escape from Huarong Road, but there is really no such thing as Guan Erge Yi Bo Yuntian letting Cao Cao go.

According to records in "Three Kingdoms", after Cao Cao failed in the Battle of Chibi and his warships were burned, he led his troops to retreat from Huarong Road. The road was muddy and blocked, so soldiers were asked to lay grass fields and ride horses to pass.

Although Liu Bei failed to catch up with Cao Cao, he still set a fire on Huarong Road.

Two questions arise here. First, did Liu Bei really not block Cao Cao?
2. Why did you set fire if you didn’t catch up?
Let’s talk about the first question first, did he really not block Cao Cao? Liu Bei may not have wanted to kill Cao Cao at all. Both Sun and Liu had scruples about killing Cao Cao at this time, especially when Liu Bei, who only had 2 troops, killed Cao Cao.

Cao Cao's power is still there, and it is easy for him to be retaliated against. Who can guarantee whether Sun Quan, a teammate, will betray him and let him challenge Cao's army alone.

If faced with Cao Pi's revenge, the 20,000 troops would be gone in a wave of team battles.

The second question is, is there any use in setting a fire after everyone has run away?
It's useful. Burn it to Soochow. This fire is to tell Soochow that I went to block Cao Cao, but this guy ran faster than my horse and couldn't catch up.

So in this way, the time of encircling and suppressing Cao Cao's remnants can be saved, and then you can do business. What business?

Of course it's a land grab. In a battle at Chibi, Cao Cao was defeated. Taking advantage of this power, Liu Bei finished setting fire and then turned around and captured all four counties of Jingzhou.

In this way, he would have the power to be on an equal footing with Sun Quan.

Sun Quan knew clearly that Liu Bei let him go on purpose, and Cao Cao couldn't say anything. After all, he didn't stop the men and horses if he set the fire.

In fact, Soochow did not go after Cao Cao, and was busy picking up equipment on the ground, but it was not as fast as Liu Bei.
……

Therefore, Tao Qian would not kill Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, unless he had to.

"Book of Wu" has a different account, saying that Tao Qian did send someone, but not to intercept and kill, but to escort. As a result, the escort saw that Cao Song was too rich, so he killed Cao Song and his family on the spur of the moment. , snatching finances.

To put it simply, it was an accident. This is the theory used in the novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

But there are problems with this statement. Tao Qian had no motive to kill Cao Song, but his relationship with Cao Cao was not good enough to send someone to escort him.

It's fine that I didn't kill your father, but you still expect me to send someone to escort you, that's impossible!
Because Tao Qian had attacked Yanzhou and Cao Cao also led his troops to attack Xuzhou, the two were rivals.

Therefore, it is unlikely that Tao Qian would send troops to escort Cao Song.

The Biography of Tao Qian in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty has a different story. It says that Cao Cao did not send anyone to escort Cao Song, and Tao Qian did not send anyone to escort him.

It was purely because a guard near Langya saw Cai and killed Cao Song's family.

Taken together, the statement in "The Biography of Tao Qian in the Later Han Dynasty" is relatively reasonable, so when Sima Guang wrote "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", he basically adopted this statement completely.

But no matter what, Cao Song died in Xuzhou, and you have to bear the blame.

Therefore, in history, in the autumn of the fourth year of Chuping (193), Cao Cao launched an army to attack Tao Qian. At that time, Yuan Shao also sent his general Zhu Ling to supervise the third battalion of troops to help.

Cao Cao's army successively captured more than ten cities, and they were invincible in every attack.

Of course, Cao Cao got red-eyed and started massacring civilians. Everyone he passed was slaughtered, no chickens or dogs were left, and there were no more pedestrians in the ruins of the old city.

No matter how angry Cao Cao was, even if he killed his own father and massacred civilians, it was extremely shameful and cruel, and he should be cast aside.

When an army fights, everyone is their own master. It is normal to die. You can die by millions or tens of millions. In many battlefields, there is no right or wrong. Everyone is a loser. It is only life and death.

But it is absolutely impossible to massacre unarmed people. This is an extremely barbaric act, no different from animals.

But throughout history, sometimes barbarism often triumphs over civilization.

For example, the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, the Mongols destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Manchu Qing Dynasty took control of the Central Plains.

When the Manchus took control of the Central Plains, the massacres were simply inhumane.

Cao Cao was considered quite civilized in front of them, but in comparison, he was a drop in the bucket at best.

In fact, there was only one situation when ancient barbarism defeated civilization, and that was in a state of war.

What is barbarism? To put it bluntly, there is no bottom line, no rules, no guidelines, no morality, no humanity, just do whatever you want.

To put it simply, you can use any means to deal with the enemy, as long as you can kill the enemy.

In a war situation, if you do this, you will naturally have an advantage.

But once the war is over, if the victorious party still has this barbaric thinking, then he will inevitably be replaced by more barbaric people.

During ancient wars, the barbaric side might be able to defeat the civilized side in a short period of time, but civilization would eventually replace the barbaric side.

For example, later on, was An Lushan, who rebelled against the Tang Dynasty and raised an army, very cruel?

He hits and scolds people around him every day, no matter what high position you hold.

Everyone here in Anlu Mountain will suffer inhuman torture. Even Yan Zhuang, Anlu Mountain's chief military advisor, is often served with a stick by him.

It can be said that An Lushan combines all the characteristics of the villain boss in Hong Kong movies. He is so cruel.

Cruel, cold-blooded, cunning, shrewd, and very cowardly at heart, he is extremely ruthless in attacking those who stand in his way.

But because of his cruelty and barbarity, he was soon killed by his son An Qingxu and Yan Zhuang in conspiracy.

……

Therefore, in ancient history, barbarism can temporarily defeat civilization, but eventually civilization will replace these barbaric behaviors.

This is why many emperors will rule the world with culture after unifying the world. Just like Cao Cao, after massacring Xuzhou, there was basically no active massacre of people under his rule.

There is a word called enlightenment for the world, which is exactly what it says. In fact, enlightenment is also like domestication.

Because these founding emperors knew in their hearts that this must be the case if a dynasty wanted long-term stability.

Only by establishing a stable order that all subjects and people abide by, and no longer manage the world according to the laws of the jungle, can this dynasty continue to be passed on.

For example, the Jin people went south to destroy the Northern Song Dynasty. When the Jin people first established their country, their fighting power can be described as rugged. They were also very cruel to the residents of the Song and Liao countries, killing many soldiers and civilians of the Liao and Song Dynasties.

The Liao and Song Dynasties were definitely more civilized than the Jin Dynasty, but after the Jin people destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty and entered the Central Plains, they also began to learn the system and culture of the Central Plains dynasty.

By the time of Jin Xizong's reign, the Jin Dynasty's court had basically implemented the Han official system. At this time, the Jin people's court was no different from the previous Central Plains dynasties.

If the Jin people had not been completely Sinicized, they would not have been able to maintain their presence in the Central Plains for such a long time, including the Yuan Dynasty.

Although the Han system implemented by the Mongols was not thorough enough, their court system was still modeled on that of the Central Plains dynasty.

If the people of the Yuan Dynasty were still the same as they were in the grassland period, they would probably have to return to the grassland and continue herding sheep in less than 90 years.

Therefore, ancient wars were barbaric, and barbarism often defeated civilization, but civilization would eventually replace barbarism.

It's like night covering the sun, but the sun is always there!

Therefore, no matter what kind of brutality, darkness, and terror you encounter, never be afraid, afraid, or shrink back.

Light is always there!

History has proven this countless times.

(End of this chapter)