Rebirth of Zhu Di's son

Chapter 230 Residing in another place
After a while.

A group of people were riding horses on the bluestone road, heading towards the grass market in the center of Zhuangzi.

Cao Shi is a regular market in rural areas, and it has common names in various places. Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places are called markets, Sichuan and Guizhou and other places are called markets, Jiangxi and other places are called Hu, and the north is called markets.

During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were grass markets outside the city of Jiankang (Nanjing), most of which were located on land and water transportation routes or at the locations of Jindu and inns.

The reason for its name may be that the market buildings were built with grass, or that it was originally a market for buying and selling fodder.

After a long period of development, by the Song Dynasty, some of Caoshi developed into residential areas, and some were promoted to counties and towns; while Caoshi, close to the city of Linzhou County, developed into a new commercial urban area.

Under normal circumstances, only in Huangzhuang with a population of more than [-], a trading market will gradually form on the main road inside the village.

"Dad, ever since the emperor implemented the national policy of apportioning land to acres in the early years of Yongle, the imperial court has neither encouraged annexation nor forcibly inhibited annexation of land. Now, after more than 20 years of evolution, the cultivated land in all prefectures and counties across the country has A lot of land has fallen into the hands of big landowners.”

After listening to the conversation between Zhu Gaoxu and Zhu Zhanyu, Zhu Zhantang thought of a terrible thing, so he couldn't help but said: "In the long run, there will be more and more farmers without land. And these farmers who have lost their land, How many can our Imperial Manor accommodate?"

Before Zhu Gaoxu could speak, Zhu Zhanyu smiled and said: "Ninth brother, you obviously haven't read the "History of the Song Dynasty" carefully. Don't you think that the current agricultural production and market situation in the Ming Dynasty are very similar to the heyday of Zhao and Song Dynasty before they crossed south? What?"

"What the second brother taught me is that I really haven't read "History of the Song Dynasty" thoroughly."

Zhu Zhantang held the reins in his left hand to control the horse, raised his right hand and scratched his head, and said awkwardly: "Please give me some advice, second brother."

Zhu Zhanyu looked at Zhu Gaoxu and asked for instructions with his eyes.

Seeing Zhu Gaoxu nodding, he spoke eloquently again: "According to the "Song Dynasty Agricultural Research" compiled by Xie Jin and others a few years ago, the agricultural output per mu in the Song Dynasty was more than double that of the Tang Dynasty. The annexation of land was suppressed, so the rent-and-servant relationship prevailed in the Song Dynasty."

"Because of this, tenants in the Song Dynasty had a very high status and had personal freedoms that domestic slaves did not have. They were almost equal to landlords."

"Furthermore, land rent in the Song Dynasty can be divided into two categories: share rent and fixed rent. The share rent fluctuates with the crop yield per mu that year. The fixed rent means that after paying enough fixed rent, the rest will belong to the tenant farmers. In this case, The production enthusiasm of tenant farmers was much higher than that in the Tang Dynasty, which further promoted the development of agriculture in the Song Dynasty."

Zhu Zhanyu swallowed and continued: "The territory before Zhao Song's southern crossing was less than one-third of the territory of the Li and Tang Dynasties, but the arable land was far more than that of the Tang Dynasty, and because of the new agricultural tools such as curved hoes and iron rakes, The use of machines, keel rollovers, etc. has greatly increased food production, thus feeding a larger population."

"This is also the reason why the Zhao and Song Dynasties had the financial resources to support 'redundant soldiers, redundant officials, and redundant expenses'."

Zhu Zhankan raised his head slightly, rubbed Zhu Zhanyu behind him, and couldn't help but ask: "Second brother, until now, I still haven't heard you mention the key point. Ninth brother just asked about land. They have all been annexed by big landowners, so how can landless people survive?”

"Of course it is to develop industry and commerce! Before Zhao Song went south, the imperial court actively developed commerce, mining, textiles, processing and other industries. It can be said that all industries are prosperous!"

Zhu Zhanyu replied without hesitation: "In order to survive, farmers who have lost their land will naturally flock to various big cities to make a living. "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" is a magnificent picture that shows the prosperity of Bianliang."

Zhu Zhankan raised his right hand, shook it in the direction of Zhu Gaoxu, and said loudly: "Dad, I understand, our agricultural development in Ming Dynasty has reached the peak period of Zhao and Song Dynasties!"

Hearing this, Zhu Gaoxu turned sideways and looked at his four sons who were following him, and said slowly: "Actually, according to statistics from the Ministry of Household Affairs last year, the current fiscal revenue of the imperial court, coupled with the current huge territory, still has not reached the level of Zhao and Song. Fiscal heyday.”

"The current Ming Dynasty has a vast territory that has surpassed the Han and Tang Dynasties, but there are still many prefectures and counties that are still under development and construction. They have not yet achieved self-sufficiency, let alone prosperity."

"Dad, I still have a question. My second brother just said that people who have lost their land will go to the city to make a living, but where do their household registrations belong? If their children want to study and read and gain fame, where should they register for school? "

Zhu Zhantang became very interested in the current social phenomena of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Gaoxu said in a deep voice: "The imperial court has given them the right to temporarily reside in other places and to attach citizenship." As of the 20th year of Yongle, the Ming Dynasty had been founded for 51 years.

Especially after the implementation of a series of loose policies such as the opening of the sea in Yongle and the allocation of land to farmers, it was the 20th year of Yongle.

In addition to the relocation and settlement of peddlers, there have been a large number of floating populations in various provinces across the country due to various reasons, such as refugees, runaways, etc.

At this time, the old household registration system is no longer suitable.

After careful consideration and several adjustments, Zhu Gaoxu finally gave refugees and runaways the right to temporarily reside in other places and to attach citizenship.

In terms of mobility, negative traders are no different from refugees and runaways, but their financial resources allow them to quickly take root in their residence areas.

These merchants purchased properties, built houses, created cemeteries, and raised children in the business areas. Their descendants also married here and had food and clothing here. They were no different from the people who had lived there for generations.

If the descendants of these people who have lived abroad for a long time return to their hometown, they will be ostracized and rejected by the people in their hometown because they speak different languages, look different, and have no family property or ancestral heritage to testify.

Therefore, in the 21st year of Yongle, Zhu Gaoxu petitioned Zhu Di and issued an edict: "Except for merchants who live in the capital, anyone who has lived in the capital for a long time and built an industrial house or shop will be ordered to attach himself to Wanping and Daxing counties and serve as an official. "

Although this edict was targeted at those who had been doing business in the capital for many years and had already purchased properties, since this kind of phenomenon was common in all provinces and counties across the country, all provinces and counties followed suit.

Some places also recognize foreign merchants living in the local area according to the situation. For example, in the provincial capitals of Beiting, Anxi, and Puchang, special floating household registers are set up and included in the register. Merchants, refugees, and runaway households are all included in the register. You are allowed to live abroad.

What impact has the implementation of this policy had over the years?
That is, people who are engaged in business or work in the city, although they go to other places to engage in business or work, their accompanying children can still register at the place where they do business or work, and then enter the school, and even take the imperial examination.

During the Hongwu period, there were still some minor obstacles and troubles for businessmen's children who wanted to take the imperial examinations. However, from the 21st year of Yongle, such troubles began to disappear from the system.

Zhu Gaoxu had reason to believe that if he did not make arrangements in advance, if things continued as they were, in another three to fifty years at most, at least half of the officials in the Ming Dynasty would be descendants of businessmen, or even more.

In the history of the Ming Dynasty, since the Jiajing period, as more and more officials were born from businessmen's children, the court's control over local areas became weaker and weaker.

When the situation arises where the rich do not pay taxes but force the poor to pay taxes, the Ming Dynasty is not far away from being destroyed.

"Dad, there seems to be two groups of people fighting in the market in front."

Zhu Zhantang had excellent eyesight. He saw someone fighting in the market from a distance, and many people gathered around to watch.

At this time, Sheng Lei rode up to follow Zhu Gaoxu and handed out a telescope.

Zhu Gaoxu took the telescope, held it in front of his eyes, and looked at it carefully for a while.

Then, he put away the telescope and told Sheng Lei: "General Sheng, take a few people over to take a look."

"Yes."

Sheng Lei lowered his head and accepted the order.

(End of this chapter)