People in the Ming Dynasty are lawless

Chapter 222 Subverting the three views of the kings! Dynasty changes are a product of climate change!

Chen Han continued.

“At the beginning of the Later Han Dynasty, the weather was still getting colder, and there were several severe winters. In late spring, frost and snow fell in Luoyang, the capital of the country, freezing to death many poor people.

In the Tang Dynasty, Yu Shinan said in "Beitang Shuchao·Volume [-]": In the spring of Lu State, frost killed all things; another "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Yuan An Biography" has a record of heavy snow covering more than ten feet of land. "

All the kings were dumbfounded after hearing this.

How much snow is left in feet?

"There was also a slightly warmer period in the early period of the Later Han Dynasty. Zhang Heng, a great literary figure at that time, once wrote "Nandu Fu". There is a line in the poem "Rangcheng and Dengju", which shows that tangerines and tangerines are still very common in southern Henan. This is There is evidence of a warm period in the Later Han Dynasty.

However, the warmth of this period did not bring a warm and humid climate to the world at that time, but climate shocks occurred.

For example, "Book of the Later Han: Chronicles of Emperor Ming" records a strange phenomenon - there is no snow in the capital in winter and no snow in spring. This means that the winter is relatively warm, but the spring is cold and dry.

After Emperor Zhang and Emperor Ping of the Han Dynasty, the climate was relatively calm, but the temperature was much lower than before, especially in spring and summer. This is recorded in the "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Lu Gong" - since March, cloudy weather has Whether it is cold or not warm, things will change and not be harmonious.

"Book of the Later Han·Biography of Wei Biao" also records: It's cold in midsummer...it's cold when it's hot...

Climate shocks especially occurred after the death of Emperor He of the Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Shang of the Han Dynasty, due to droughts in winter and spring, precipitation was mainly concentrated in late summer and early autumn, and floods occurred frequently.

There is a significant event recorded in the "Book of the Later Han·Five Elements": In May of the first year of Emperor Yanping's reign, the thirty-seventh flood in the county damaged the crops;

"Book of the Later Han·Five Elements" records: At the end of the sixth month, Yin Qin of Taichang was Sikong, and there was thirty-seven rains in the county.

This was a heavy rain that lasted for two months and caused huge damage to agricultural production at that time.

Emperor Shang of the Han Dynasty died in August of the first year of Yanping, and Emperor An of the Han Dynasty came to the throne. In September of the same year, the Han Dynasty, which had just stopped raining for two months, ushered in an unprecedented heavy rain.

This disaster affected all the coastal states and counties in the east and the Huaihe River in the south.

"Book of the Later Han·An Di Ji" records: In September...there are floods in six states; "Book of the Later Han·Five Elements" records: In the six states, the rivers (Yellow River), Ji, Wei, Luo, and Feishui are in full bloom, and their overflow hurts the autumn. crops.

The disaster lasted until October.

"Book of the Later Han Dynasty: An Di Ji" records: In the tenth month of winter, there were floods and hail in the four states.

Then in the past year, due to the continuous climate shock, the temperature dropped, and disasters such as droughts and wind disasters occurred one after another after floods. For example, the "Book of the Later Han·Five Elements" records: In the first year of Yongchu, there were eight droughts in the county.

After continuous floods, droughts, and wind disasters, grain output dropped sharply. In the second year, a severe famine occurred. The record at that time is as follows. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: An Di Ji" records: There was a great famine in Shizhou County, and rice and stone were Two thousand, people eat each other, the old and the weak abandon each other's paths. "

Zhu Bai, King of Xiang, saw the information and listened to Chen Han's lecture. He was very emotional: "This damn weather is either a flood or a severe drought. The people living at that time were really evil!"

King Qi also sighed: "No! The people are the worst in this situation!"

Zhu Yuanzhang was the most touched when he heard this.

Wasn't this what his hometown was like back then?

First there were floods, then the plague came, and then there was drought and little rain, and food could not grow. Countless people were killed and injured in the world, and my parents and sisters also starved to death one after another.

Only those who have experienced the tragedy of human relations will know that behind those few lines of text are the bloody accusations against God by one broken family after another.

The expression on Chen Han's face was also very sad.

But he continued to talk: "After Emperor An, and during the period of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling, the temperature dropped even lower, and there were even records of bamboo and cypress trees freezing to death. For example, "Book of the Later Han: Chronicles of Emperor Huan" records: In December of winter, Luo Beside the city, the bamboos and cypresses are withered.

In the year before the Yellow Turban Uprising, which was the period of Emperor Ling, it was recorded in the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Five Elements Chronicles": In the winter of the sixth year of Emperor Guanghe's reign, there was a severe cold, and the ice in the well was more than a foot thick in Langya, Donglai, Beihai.

These evidences fully demonstrate that the Later Han Dynasty entered a state of changeable climate and overall cold weather. "

After hearing about the various disasters of the Later Han Dynasty, the kings now have a clearer understanding of the context of what Chen Han is about to say.

Chen Han's course even subverted their previous knowledge.

They used to think so naively.

The change of dynasty was due to the emperor's inaction or incompetence.

But after hearing about the natural disasters caused by climate when the Later Han Dynasty was about to be destroyed, they fell into deep thought.

A clatter.

Chen Han flipped through the information without giving them much time to think.

Then he said: "The next step is the changes in the late Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms period, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

In the Tang Dynasty, Li Deyu said in the "Preface to Ruiju Fu": "In the past, Wu of the Han Dynasty sent pomegranates to foreign countries, and their spiritual roots spread far and wide... Wei Wu planted pomegranates in bronze birds, and the flowers and fruits were not available."

Cao Cao's son Cao Pi went to Guangling on the Huaihe River to inspect soldiers' drills in the sixth year of Huangchu. Due to the severe cold, the Huaihe River suddenly froze and the drills had to be stopped.

This incident is recorded in the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, and Records of Emperor Wen: In the sixth year of Huangchu, in the tenth month of winter, I visited the old city of Guangling and observed the troops along the river. There were more than [-] soldiers and hundreds of banners. It was a very cold year and the waterway was icy. Boats were not allowed to enter the river, so they were diverted back.

This situation lasted until the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

At that time, foreign tribes invaded from the south, and Hu and Han were fighting, causing chaos.

The book "Essentials for Qi Min" was written in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and was written by Jia Sixie, who was born in Shandong. His book records agricultural practices north of the Yellow River.

According to this book, in the area north of the Yellow River, apricot flowers bloom in March, jujube trees begin to grow leaves, and mulberry flowers wither in early April, nearly a month later than before. "

After Chen Han finished speaking, he picked up the tea cup and took a sip of tea.

“After the chaos of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the land of China ushered in a period of peace and prosperity, and the Sui and Tang Dynasties caught up with the good times.

There are records of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty in the first year of Yonghui, the second year of Zongzhang, and the third year of Yifeng. In these three years, Chang'an Wuxue was the capital.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, plum trees began to grow in the palace.

In Tang Dynasty, Cao Ye's "Plum Plum Blossom Biography" records: Concubine Jiang Caiping was called Plum Concubine because her house was full of plum blossoms.

The poet Yuan Zhen talked about the plum blossoms in Qujiang in "He Le Tian Qiu Inscribed on Qujiang". The poem goes: "We have established a friendship for ten years, and we will stay together for seven years. The most popular place in Chang'an is Qujiang Pool. Plum blossoms apricot in spring It’s still small, and the water chestnuts and autumn flowers are also declining.”

Duan Chengshi's "Youyang Zazu" Volume [-] says that in the autumn of the tenth year of Tianbao, there were some citrus trees in the palace that yielded [-] citrus fruits, and the taste was the same as the tribute citrus fruits from the Shu Road in the south of the Yangtze River.

After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the era of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms entered. During the turbulent period, there was no climate data to base on.

However, the climate conditions at that time can be concluded through circumstantial evidence.

In the early Song Dynasty, the poet Lin Bu lived in seclusion in Hangzhou and became famous for his poems about plum blossoms.

Plum blossoms bloom the earliest in the year and are regarded as the leader among flowers.

But by the second year of Jingde reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, plum trees were no longer known to exist in the north.

Plum trees can only survive in the royal gardens of Chang'an and Luoyang, and in the private cultivation gardens of wealthy families.

The poet Su Shi lamented the disappearance of plum blossoms in Guanzhong in his poem.

In his poem about apricot blossoms, he said: "Fortunately there are no plum blossoms in Guanzhong, but it is up to you to make peace."

Wang Anshi, a contemporary of the same period, laughed at the fact that northerners often mistake plum blossoms for apricots. His poem about red plum blossoms includes the line "Northerners have not seen it for the first time, but they mistake it for apricot blossoms."

Lu Youren of the Yuan Dynasty recorded in "Yanbei Magazine": In the first year of Song Zhenghe, the vast Taihu Lake between Jiangsu and Zhejiang was not only completely frozen, but the ice was solid enough to be opened to traffic.

This is the first record of Taihu Lake being frozen. "

Zhu Yuanzhang was stunned.

This was the first time he had shown such surprise in this class.

Because he is very familiar with Jiangsu and Zhejiang, especially Taihu Lake.

After all, there were many battles there to pacify Zhang Shicheng, and he knew the situation there.

Taihu Lake is so famous, of course you know it.

He stood up, looked at Chen Han's courseware, and asked in surprise: "Taihu Lake is also frozen? That is a huge lake that covers an extremely vast area."

Chen Han replied: "Old man, it's frozen, and it's all frozen, so be cold!"

Zhu Yuanzhang was surprised: "It's too cold!"

Chen Han explained: “Not only was Taihu Lake frozen at that time, but the cold weather also froze all the famous citrus trees in Dongting Mountain of Taihu Lake to death.

In Hangzhou, the capital city, snowfall is not only more frequent than usual, but also extends into late spring. "

hiss! !

King Chu was stunned for a long time.    The winter in Chu is also cold now.

Could it be that the Ming Dynasty was as cold as that time?

Chen Han continued pointing to the courseware and said: "At the end of the former Song Dynasty, the climate intensified and turned cold. The Jin people invaded the north from the northeast and replaced the Liao people. They occupied the areas north of the Huaihe River and Qinling Mountains, and made Peiping their capital."

King Yan Zhu Di felt very uncomfortable after hearing this.

It was his fiefdom, but it was also the capital of the foreign Jurchens and Mongols.

Chen Han looked at everyone, and then said slowly: "The next thing I want to say is that from the Later Song Dynasty to the First Yuan Dynasty, the cold wave continued to affect it, and even to the Yuan Dynasty, what happened? I want you to know what happened. It should be very clear.

Floods, plagues, droughts, and locusts passing through the country are constant, or even never stop.

All this is evidence that temperatures continue to drop.

I said that, old man, right? "

Chen Han finally looked at Zhu Yuanzhang.

Zhu Yuanzhang's face looked very ugly at this time.

Sitting on the seat is even more uncomfortable.

As Chen Han said, this was the situation back then.

The climate does not change suddenly, but continues to cool down slowly.

Zhu Yuanzhang knows this very well as a person who has experienced it.

That's why he found what Chen Han said to be very scary.

No wonder Chen Han said this was dragon slaying.

Because those who have mastered this set of information can clearly see what happened when the dynasty changed.

It is also easy to predict the next disaster.

This is terrible.

If it were not known that Chen Han came from later generations, all the secrets he now holds would not cause harm to Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang will really go crazy.

Prince Zhu Biao was frightened when he heard this.

This completely subverts what Confucians say: the fall of a dynasty is due to the incompetence of the emperor.

It’s not even what Confucianism says, because the emperor is incompetent and God brings disasters.

In fact, this is what Chen Han said, everything is caused by the cold climate.

None of the other princes are stupid.

Except for those who are younger, they listen to Yunshan Mist Cover.

The remaining princes already knew what Chen Han was going to say.

Chen Han did not close his mouth, but opened a piece of paper again.

Drawn on that piece of paper is the famous Zhu Kezhen Curve.

That is a map of climate changes in China over the past five thousand years.

Chen Han only changed it a little, changing it into something that King Yan Zhu Di and the others could understand.

He pointed at the picture and the pictures and texts on it, and said in a sad tone:

"I just spent so long telling you about the evidence of climate cooling, in fact, the purpose is to let you understand what this picture expresses.

I will now analyze it for you bit by bit.

Let’s start with the pre-Qin era.

In the warm period of summer, Shang and the previous week, the country is stable and the national destiny is long-lasting.

However, during the period of King You of Zhou, the climate suddenly deteriorated and turned cold, resulting in a sharp decrease in food. The Zhou Dynasty was unable to provide for the northern soldiers, and thus its strength was weak.

At this time, the grassland where Quanrong was located encountered a cold wave, the pastures degraded, and the cattle and sheep died. The Quanrong tribe went south to plunder in order to survive.

So due to internal and external troubles, the previous week perished. "

After Chen Han finished speaking, everyone looked at Chen Han's picture.

The line representing the temperature above the words last week indeed shows a decrease.

Based on what Chen Han said just now, the Zhou Dynasty showed signs of temperature drop during the previous week, and they believed Chen Han's statement.

Then Chen Han said: "From the Spring and Autumn and Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties, or to be precise the Pre-Han Dynasty, the temperature has been relatively high for nearly [-] years, so there was a situation in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods where a hundred schools of thought contended and various countries continued to conquer.

It should be noted that wars involve money and food. To be able to support such a long-term war, the food output at that time must have been stronger than it is now.

The reason why Qin and the former Han Dynasty were able to prosper was that even Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was able to let the people in the Central Plains raise horses and finally defeat the powerful Xiongnu.

It was also because the warm climate was enough to support food consumption at that time.

Only then can we create an extremely glorious and prosperous age. "

Then Chen Han pointed to the area where the Eastern Han Dynasty was located: "In the late Han Dynasty, with the cold climate and constant disasters, food decreased sharply. During the Yuan, Ping, Ai, and Cheng dynasties, the country was confused and the current situation was turbulent, so Wang Mang usurped the throne.

The early period of the Later Han Dynasty was warm and they lived a stable life.

Starting from Andi, the temperature continued to drop, and floods, droughts, and wind disasters were raging all over the world.

During the reign of Emperor Huan Ling, things were getting out of control, so the Yellow Turbans revolted, Dong Zhuo started a rebellion, the world was in chaos, and the princes rose up.

The northern nomadic peoples Wuwan, Xianbei, and Qiang once again went south to plunder the pastures because the grass did not grow due to the severe cold.

After the fall of the Later Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the barbarians ravaged the north. "

Chen Han finished speaking in one breath, pointing to the curve of the Sui and Tang Dynasties: "By the time of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the cold wave that lasted for nearly five hundred years ended, and the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty emerged.

Same thing.

The climate is warmer and food production increases.

The imperial court could raise troops and horses, so it swept away the Turkic nomads in the north.

However, all the good luck was taken by the Tang Dynasty. After nearly three hundred years of warm period, the cold wave struck again.

After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the climate was cold and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were at war. The Khitan people in the north lost the pastures they relied on for survival. They plundered south and established the Khitan, followed by the Liao Dynasty; the Dangxiang people in the northwest established Xixia.

The climate continued to be cold. By the end of the former Song Dynasty, the Jurchens in Liaodong rose up, destroyed the Liao Dynasty, and established the Jin Dynasty.

The Jin Dynasty destroyed the former Song Dynasty and moved the living area further south, indicating that the north was colder.

Then came the rise of the Mongol Empire, which swept across the Central Plains.

Then there was another reincarnation. A hundred years later, the climate became even worse, there was chaos at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty was established!

Based on this picture and the evidence I just talked about, it can be concluded.

Strong dynasties only appear in warm periods;

The chaotic dynasty appeared in the cold period.

Still the same sentence, a clever woman can hardly cook without rice.

As the previous dynasties founded their country based on agriculture, if food does not grow in the ground, even if a god were to be the emperor, the country would not be able to survive.

Ladies and gentlemen, do you still believe that the main responsibility for the change of dynasty is the emperor's stupidity, corruption and incompetence? "

……

(End of this chapter)