People in the Ming Dynasty are lawless

Chapter 38 The upgraded version of the Military Aircraft Department of the Cabinet!
After Chen Han finished speaking, he felt extremely sad.

From the birth to the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a struggle for power.

After listening to this, Zhu Yuanzhang and his son felt like their hearts were twisting.

This is how the Ming Dynasty fell.

Just because he deposed the prime minister, so many things happened.

And when they heard that there was another mechanism that was comparable to the cabinet, they immediately asked: "Teacher Xiao Chen, no matter what, since it is slightly better than the cabinet, you can also speak up and let's discuss it. "

Chen Han didn't quite understand why the village chief of a village was so interested in these political matters, and they were still the politics of ancient dynasties.

Although he was also interested, he couldn't figure it out, so he smiled and asked: "Village Chief, you were born in this small Yashan Village, why are you so interested in this matter?"

Ling Han was startled, but I have to say that this little old man was still very smart, and he immediately said: "Our little village is very boring.

It's not just meeting young people like you who are sent from outside and chatting about things of interest, it's also a very relaxing thing. "

Chen Han was not particularly satisfied with this explanation, but he thought he could find no fault with it because he was indeed bored now.

It's also good to have someone to talk to.

So Chen Han didn't mind.

Ling Han said again: "Teacher Xiao Chen, you just said that there is a method that is more extreme than the cabinet. What method is it?"

Chen Han explained: "That was the Military Aircraft Department established by the Qing Dynasty and created by the Manchu Emperor Yongzheng.

As you can tell from the name, the Military Aircraft Department was mainly responsible for handling frontline military affairs at the beginning.

Later, because the Military Aircraft Department was able to carry out the emperor's orders in a very fast way and bypass the cabinet, it was retained.

And later on, it gradually became the main decision-making body.

And to a certain extent, some powers of the cabinet have been divided.

Even later, it has completely become a presence that is superior to the cabinet.

The Minister of Military and Aircraft is higher than the Dacheng of the Cabinet.

This military aircraft department is actually similar in form to the cabinet, but it is more extreme than the cabinet.

The ministers of the cabinet have the power to discuss political power and criticize the emperor.

But what the Military Aircraft Department did to the extreme was that it didn't make any decisions at all.

All decisions are made by the military and aircraft ministers, and then these opinions are uniformly handed over to the emperor.

The emperor chose from among these opinions.

The cabinet is different. Because there is a chief minister in the cabinet, the opinions of the cabinet have been unified with the chief minister and then passed on to His Majesty the Emperor through the Supervisor of Ceremonies.

His Majesty the Emperor has only two choices: to execute or not to execute.

This makes the power of the cabinet greater than that of the military aircraft department.

The Military Aircraft Department has completely become a secretarial agency of the emperor. There is no reporting relationship between the military aircraft ministers, and everyone's opinions will go to the emperor.

These opinions must be dealt with personally by the emperor. The emperor makes decisions. The Military Aircraft Department has no decision-making power and no possibility of refuting the emperor.

This was a political system in which imperial power was concentrated to its peak.

It also has a characteristic that all military ministers have no rank or salary.

The Minister of Military and Aircraft may be transferred elsewhere.

All salaries and powers are determined by the original positions.

This characteristic made the Military Aircraft Department a department completely dependent on the emperor.

The Minister of Military and Aircraft is always in a suspended state and cannot bully the Six Ministries or Cabinet Ministers.

But what they did was what the prime minister should do.

This can well avoid the chance that cabinet ministers can confront the emperor to a certain extent.At the same time, eunuchs were prevented from interfering.

Of course, this also has a big drawback. After establishing the Military Aircraft Department, the emperor must be diligent and cannot be lazy like the emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

Because the Military Aircraft Department does not have any decision-making power, their opinions are just a kind of discussion, and the decision must be made by the emperor himself.

Several early emperors, such as Yongzheng, were model emperors of the same type as Zhu Yuanzhang.

The early Qianlong period was pretty good.

Although in the later stages he started to become romantic and spend money, he was still able to control it.

Jiaqing was almost there, and Daoguang after Jiaqing was even more chaotic.

The Military Aircraft Department relies heavily on the emperor's intelligence and decision-making ability. If the emperor is not good enough, it may even become an organization that plays with power and isolates the emperor.

Just like Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty, she completely sidelined Emperor Guangxu by taking control of the Military Aircraft Department. "

When Chen Han said this, everyone else fell silent.

The Military Aircraft Department can be regarded as strengthening the imperial power, and it also makes the Military Aircraft Department unable to compete with the emperor.

This is indeed the most appropriate thing for the Military Aircraft Department and the emperor himself.

But there are many drawbacks to this.

Chen Han summed it up: "The cabinet can be regarded as a strengthening of the imperial power, and it will reach its peak after arriving at the Military Aircraft Department.

The disadvantage of the cabinet is that these ministers always feel that they have insufficient power, and the civil servants always hope to use their power to check and balance the emperor.

So that the emperor would not dominate everything in the world by himself.

He even hoped that the emperor would be able to obey him.

But after all, the emperor has monopoly power. He has enjoyed monopoly of imperial power for so many years, and it is impossible to delegate power. This is the origin of their contradiction.

The emergence of the Military Aircraft Department was an extreme behavior of the Manchu emperor after the aliens took over the Central Plains.

It's not just that they don't trust Han ministers.

Because the Manchus are really too few compared to the Han people.

Therefore, they used a large number of literary prisons to massacre Han scholars in order to achieve a deterrent effect and strengthen the imperial power to enslave the people.

The Military Aircraft Department came into being under such circumstances.

And why couldn't this be done in a dynasty like the Ming Dynasty?

Because the emperor is also a Han Chinese, they still recognize their own nation in their hearts. Therefore, whether it is the emperor himself or the ministers themselves, there is not much barrier between them and the people. However, foreign rule is just the opposite.

To sum up, the Cabinet and the Military Aircraft Department have similar approaches but similar results.

They can all play a role in assisting the emperor in handling national affairs in the early stage, but this prerequisite must be that the emperor himself, even if he is not a wise king, must be a moderate king and be able to coordinate the imperial power and ministerial power.

To put it bluntly, if you want to restrain the scholar-bureaucrats, you do not necessarily need eunuchs. According to the conclusions of many later generations, it is found that as long as a balance is achieved between civil servants and military generals, the civil servants will not be able to control and balance the entire world.

But it's interesting to say that during the Hongwu and Yongle dynasties, the lowest-ranking official in the military bureaucracy was Cong Liupin, and military officers were always higher than the corresponding civilian officials.

This tradition was destroyed by Ming Renzong Zhu Gaochi.

Initially, a large number of literati were sent to the army to help the soldiers who were proficient in writing and writing in order to organize documents. Taking this as an example, it gradually evolved into the military preparation method.

As soon as Zhu Zhanji passed away in the first year of Zhengtong, the civilian officials were eager to take over all warehouses under military management, except for Liaodong, Gansu, Ningxia, Wanquan and some coastal guards.

And even the power of the military commanders in the northern border areas could not be maintained for a long time. What Zhu Qizhen did next, or the civil officials manipulated him into doing something ridiculous, was even more ridiculous. "

Zhu Yuanzhang and his son were really a little angry, why was it always Zhu Qizhen who had problems.

……

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(End of this chapter)