People in the Ming Dynasty are lawless

Chapter 71: The money is spread across the land, the money is paid for taxes, and the money is withdrawn.
Chen Han patted the table and said: "You can see this by comparing the issuance of Zhongtong banknotes in the Yuan Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty only learned to use national credit as the endorsement of currency issuance, and completely threw aside reserves.

This makes the Ming Dynasty treasure banknotes a naked tool to plunder people's wealth.

Therefore, the first step to save the Ming Dynasty's treasure banknotes is to curb the imperial court's indiscriminate issuance of treasure banknotes; the second is to prepare sufficient reserves and institutions.

In fact, to put it bluntly, when Zhu Yuanzhang was emperor, he banned the circulation of gold and silver among the people, and used a large amount of treasure banknotes to recover a lot of gold and silver. At this time, it can be used as a reserve for Ming Dynasty treasure banknotes.

The third is to establish a strong channel for withdrawing treasure banknotes.

As mentioned before, Zhu Yuanzhang not only strictly banned gold and silver, but even copper coins were once out of circulation in the market. Only treasure banknotes could be used. What's even more helpless is that he did not recycle old banknotes.

We should learn from the Yuan Dynasty, and set up a "Bao Banknote Collection Department" and "Yuanbao Banknote Delivery Treasury" in the capital, and set up a "Bao Banknote Collection Department" and "Pingzhun Treasury" locally for the management and recycling of treasure banknotes. Treasure banknotes, exchange for gold and silver.

It is a pity that the Ming court was only responsible for printing treasure banknotes and never recycled them.

The only few recyclings occurred in the 14th and 26th years of Hongwu; Yongle and Hongxi years, they were also a drop in the bucket.

In fact, Xia Yuanji, the Minister of Household Affairs during the Yongle period, had already discovered the huge harm caused by the Ming Dynasty's excessive issuance of treasure banknotes without recycling them. "

Father and son Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao were a little surprised when they heard that Xia Yuanji had already reached the rank of Minister of Household Affairs during the Yongle period, when the fourth son Zhu Di became emperor.

Unexpectedly, the first cabinet minister I selected now would actually achieve very good results later on.

It seems that the father, son and the fourth son have the same vision as a hero.

Chen Han didn't know what the father and son were thinking, so he continued, "When Xia Yuanji saw the excessive issuance of treasure banknotes, the banknotes circulating among the people had already caused widespread inflation. There were too many banknotes in stock, which devalued the banknotes. fast.

As a digression, it should be said that during the Hongwu period, although treasure banknotes were also issued indiscriminately, their value also depreciated by three-quarters.

But the real treasure banknote was finally discarded and turned into a piece of waste paper, something that was thrown on the ground without anyone picking it up.

Yongle and Xuande, the two emperors' grandfather and grandson, wanted to share half of the pot.

When Zhu Di came to power, he was in the same embarrassing situation as Li Shimin when he came to power. Therefore, the two emperors did roughly the same thing, which was to work hard to perform and use excellent political achievements to silence the people of the world.

So Zhu Di restarted the Northern Expedition, and even conducted the expedition in person many times.

However, due to the huge cost and the four-year war of the Jingnan Campaign, which caused enough harm to the world, it was a thorny issue where the money would come from to fight the war. In the end, Zhu Di could only go back to the old way of his father, Zhu Yuanzhang, of indiscriminately issuing treasures and money, and once again Treasure money is used as a tool to plunder the world's wealth. "

Zhu Yuanzhang was filled with emotion when he heard Chen Han say that Zhu Di was following his old path again, and that Zhu Di was just like Li Shimin when he rose to power.

There is even a voice in my heart, if... just if, if the eldest son Zhu Biao is gone, can Zhu Di be established as the crown prince? At least, Zhu Di is a talented emperor, although it does not meet the rules of establishing a chief. but……

Thinking of this, Zhu Yuanzhang was very confused.

Chen Han's words continued: "And Emperor Xuande took over a business that was already financially poor. In order to maintain his rule, he could only continue to implement his grandfather's policies, so that the value of treasure notes depreciated even more rapidly.

Therefore, if the random issuance of treasure banknotes was prohibited during the Hongwu Dynasty, some losses might be recovered. "

Zhu Yuanzhang breathed a sigh of relief.

I even thought to myself: It looks like we have to hurry up and there is still a possibility of remediation.

After all, if four years of civil war had been avoided and the country had rested and recuperated for so many years, economic development would have been slowed down and repairs would have been faster.

Chen Han continued: "Back to the topic, the Household Salt Law proposed by Xia Yuanji at that time stipulated that adults must pay a fixed amount of treasure money to buy a pound of salt every month, and minors should pay half of it. Use such treasure money to withdraw money.

This method has saved the rapid depreciation of treasure banknotes to a certain extent, but it is still a drop in the bucket for the private stock and the indiscriminate issuance of treasure banknotes.

Therefore, if we want to prevent excessive circulation of treasure banknotes among the people, we must withdraw these treasure banknotes. What is the best way?

I still think it is a very good idea to divide the land into an acre. "After Chen Han said this, Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao and his son were stunned.

At this time, Ling Han was staring at Chen Han, waiting for Chen Han to say something.

Chen Han didn't dwell too much. He had been thinking about it for a long time in the past few days, so he said, "Village Chief, we are just discussing now, right? It doesn't involve any so-called actual operations, right?"

Ling Han nodded: "Yes, we are just discussing."

Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao and his son looked at each other.

He knew in his heart that even if Chen Han's words were a bit whimsical, there were so many smart people in Ming Dynasty that the specific steps could still be easily accomplished.

After all, the ideas in Chen Han's mind are worth tens of thousands of dollars.

Chen Han then said: "Since it doesn't involve any actual operation, then I will just talk nonsense.

After you have listened to me, if you have time to argue with those people, you can take it. However, I still have to say that what I said is not correct. I am just throwing out opinions, which is equivalent to throwing out ideas. Everyone is Discussions are all just talk on paper.

Maybe the people sent down from above have some bolder ideas. "

Chen Han has always believed that history can serve as a guide.

The reason why everyone discusses history and likes history is because they want to learn a lot of experiences and lessons from history.

Judging from the inflation in the early Ming Dynasty, in fact, the return of currency to the market was an economic means to suppress inflation.

So far, the country is still using this method.

Therefore, Chen Han felt that modern society could learn from the control of currency and use it to save the credit of the Ming Dynasty treasure banknotes, which had depreciated to the end.

After Chen Han had the mentality of either doing research or trying to enjoy himself, he no longer had such a heavy psychological burden and began to talk eloquently, "Dividing a small family into an acre is to levy various miscellaneous taxes on the basis of a whipping method." For one piece, it was converted into silver and levied, and at the same time, the capitation tax was exempted.

The elimination of dingyin from the share of land per acre was a major tax reform, which meant that the head tax system that had been in place for more than 2000 years was abolished.

The direct effect of the promulgation of this decree was to promote the explosive growth of population.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, land tax was relatively not that heavy. Based on the land tax during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the grain paid per mu was only six pounds, which was not that heavy.

The most hefty ones are the poll tax and the corvee. The reason why the allocation of land to an acre promotes population growth is mainly because when collecting land tax, it is divided into nine grades. Whoever has a larger population or more land will be charged more.

So at that time, poll tax and corvee were the real heaviest burdens that crushed the people.

Originally, in an agricultural society, the larger the population, the more labor force could be generated, and everyone's life would be better.

However, due to the existence of poll tax and corvee labor, people did not dare to have more children. Likewise, they valued having boys the most.

Because boys will be stronger in the future and can do more farm work.

So our ancestors had a strong preference for boys over girls, but isn't this because of the force of this tax system?

After the Qing Dynasty abolished the poll tax, people were directly allowed to have as many children as they could afford.

In addition, due to the existence of the poll tax, those black households who could not afford to pay the taxes could only hide their whereabouts. After the poll tax was abolished, they dared to return to their hometowns and go to the government to report in the newspaper, so the population exploded.

Of course, the most important thing is that sharing the income is a huge help in recovering the treasure! "

……

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(End of this chapter)