Film and Television: Starting from the Journey to Guandong

Chapter 152

It is assumed here that the ammunition carried by the infantry squad will be consumed in the field that day.

Because pistols are rarely used in environments, it is assumed that the machine gunner's pistol is not used; daily rations are calculated based on field operations, that is, a ration of 1 kilograms per person per day, and drinking water is assumed to be obtained locally, which does not occupy transportation capacity.

Consumables such as camping tools and blasting tubes are not included.

In other words, an infantry squad consumes 53 kilograms of supplies a day, and on average each person uses 1 kilograms of supplies a day.

Infantry Platoon:

At this time, there were 43 people in an infantry platoon, 26 rifles, 13 handguns, 4 submachine guns, 6 light machine guns, and 5 wheeled vehicles.

We assume that the rifles and pistols here continue the formation of the infantry squad, which are 98K rifles, MP40 submachine guns and MG42 machine guns. The vehicles are calculated according to the famous Volkswagen Type 82 bucket jeep.

Although this kind of car is widely used, it has only a displacement of 1.1 liters and a fuel consumption of only 7 mpg per kilometers that year.

Considering that the infantry platoon's car does not need to drive extensively on the front line, it consumes 50 liters (about 4 kilograms) of gasoline based on 3 kilometers a day.

Volkswagen's bucket jeep was a common multi-functional small vehicle on the front line at that time, and was widely used for officers to ride, to convey orders, etc.

As a result, an infantry platoon needs so many supplies in one day:

Infantry platoon consumption

步兵连编制：1944年编制里，步兵连有3个步兵排和1个重机枪排。此时50迫击炮已经撤装，所以这一级换上了81mm迫击炮。

The shells are about 3 kilograms, and each gun has about 80 rounds.

The ammunition reserve of the MG42 machine gun in heavy machine gun mode is basically double that of the light machine gun, about 3000 rounds.

Motorcycles are calculated based on 1 kilogram of fuel per vehicle per day.

Infantry company: 196 men each, 115 rifles, 59 handguns, 23 submachine guns, 18 light machine guns, 4 heavy machine guns, 81 2 guns, 24 wheeled vehicles, and 4 motorcycles.

Company headquarters: 17 people, 10 rifles, 3 handguns, 4 submachine guns, 3 wheeled vehicles, and 4 motorcycles.

3 infantry platoons: 43 men each, 26 rifles, 13 pistols, 4 submachine guns, 6 light machine guns, and 5 wheeled vehicles.

Machine gun platoon: 51 people, 27 rifles, 17 handguns, 7 submachine guns, 4 heavy machine guns, 81 2 guns, and 6 wheeled vehicles.

There are 3 trucks in the infantry company.

Considering that trucks are responsible for transporting supplies and may consume more fuel, let's assume that one vehicle uses 30 liters of gasoline.

It can be seen that an infantry company of 1 people requires at least 196 tons of supplies every day.

It should be noted that as the number of personnel increases, the unit's personnel consumption does not decrease but increases. This is because the higher the organization level, the more heavy weapons are equipped, and the consumption of heavy weapons is much greater than that of single-person weapons.

Infantry battalion: 868 men each, 548 rifles, 229 pistols, 91 submachine guns, 60 light machine guns, 12 heavy machine guns, 81 6-meter guns, 120 4-meter guns, 20 6mm towed anti-aircraft guns, wheeled vehicles 143 vehicles, 25 motorcycles.

In addition to the 3 infantry companies, there are also the following directly affiliated units:

Heavy weapons company: 104 men, 63 rifles, 24 handguns, 17 assault rifles, 2 light machine guns, 120 4mm guns, 20 6mm towed anti-aircraft guns, 20 wheeled vehicles (including 20 trucks), 5 motorcycles vehicle.

Supply company: 131 people, 104 rifles, 24 pistols, 3 submachine guns, 4 light machine guns, 42 wheeled vehicles, and 4 motorcycles.

The base number of the 120 mortar is also calculated based on 80 rounds, and one shell is about 16 kilograms.

20 anti-aircraft guns generally have 1 rounds of spare ammunition. Counting the magazine, one shell weighs about 1000 grams.

The number of vehicles increased significantly, mainly because heavy weapons (120 mortars, 20 anti-aircraft guns) required tractors. At the same time, a complete logistics force appeared at the battalion level. Considering that the armored division basically did not use mules and horses in 44 (of course due to lack of manpower) Seriously, there may be a lot of horse-drawn carriages in reality), so the number of trucks was increased to 40.

It can be seen that an infantry battalion with more than 800 people must replenish at least 16 tons of supplies every day.

And this is an average number. In a war, it can only increase, not decrease.

Although everyone thinks that an average of 200 kilograms of supplies per person in an infantry battalion is a bit too much, in reality, the infantry battalion uses the least weapons and ammunition of all units. Comparing the configurations of artillery battalions, armored battalions and armored grenadier battalions, everyone You know that infantry is really the poorest unit.

Panzergrenadier Battalion:

26 officers, 168 sergeants, 673 soldiers, 456 rifles, 242 pistols, 179 submachine guns, 115 light machine guns, 12 heavy machine guns, 81 6-meter guns, 120 4-meter guns, 20 18mm towed anti-aircraft guns doors, 75 12mm self-propelled infantry guns, 158 wheeled vehicles (including 125 armored personnel carriers), and 24 motorcycles.

Armored Reconnaissance Battalion:

27 officers, 223 sergeants, 692 soldiers, equipped with 434 rifles, 300 handguns, 206 submachine guns, 147 light machine guns, 4 heavy machine guns, 81 10mm mortars, 6 flamethrowers, 20 35 mm anti-tank guns and 75 13 mm self-propelled anti-tank guns.

Armored Communications Battalion: 16 officers, 103 sergeants, 396 soldiers, equipped with 444 rifles, 69 handguns, 51 submachine guns, 35 light machine guns, 114 wheeled vehicles, and 14 motorcycles.

Armored Regiment: 69 officers, 553 sergeants, 1039 soldiers, equipped with 822 rifles, 704 handguns, 228 submachine guns, 252 light machine guns, 20 6mm anti-aircraft guns, 37 8mm anti-aircraft guns, Panzer IV 52 long-bodied tanks and 51 Panther tanks. There are 313 wheeled vehicles and 53 motorcycles.

Armored Artillery Regiment: 69 officers, 365 sergeants, 1215 soldiers, equipped with 1217 rifles, 343 handguns, 203 submachine guns, 92 light machine guns, 20 9mm anti-aircraft guns, 105 12mm towed howitzers, 105 There are 12 mm self-propelled howitzers, 150 12 mm towed howitzers, 150 6 mm self-propelled howitzers, 407 wheeled vehicles, and 31 motorcycles.

Air defense battalion: 22 officers, 142 sergeants, 600 soldiers, equipped with 673 rifles, 69 handguns, 47 submachine guns, 18 light machine guns, 20 18mm anti-aircraft guns, 88 8mm anti-aircraft guns, 171 wheeled vehicles vehicles and 16 motorcycles.

Anti-tank battalion: 20 officers, 166 sergeants, 327 soldiers, equipped with 271 rifles, 142 handguns, 100 submachine guns, 47 light machine guns, 75 12mm towed anti-tank guns, 75 31mm self-propelled anti-tank guns Doors, 135 wheeled vehicles and 17 motorcycles.

Armored Engineer Battalion: 24 officers, 118 sergeants, 743 soldiers, equipped with 562 rifles, 247 handguns, 102 submachine guns, 96 light machine guns, 6 heavy machine guns, 81 6mm mortars, flamethrowers 20, 20 3mm anti-tank guns, 28 20/3mm anti-tank guns, 174 wheeled vehicles, and 42 motorcycles.

Division baggage team: 64 officers, 292 sergeants, 1529 soldiers, equipped with 1708 rifles, 165 handguns, 13 submachine guns, 86 light machine guns, 323 wheeled vehicles, and 85 motorcycles.

Therefore, in reality, if you want to maintain a division operating at full efficiency and at the same time constantly replenish battle-damaged soldiers and equipment, a daily supply of 1000 tons is the minimum. For a large battle involving several armies, the ammunition consumption can be described as astronomical. According to Zhukov's memoirs about the first day of the Battle of Berlin:

In the first day and night of the fighting, more than 6 bombers were dispatched.

On April 4, 16 million rounds of artillery shells alone were planned to be fired, but 119.7 million rounds were actually fired.

2 wagonloads of shells, or almost 450 tons of steel, fell on the enemy.

The enemy's defenses within a depth of 8 kilometers were eliminated and suppressed. In some areas with enemy resistance hubs, the scope of destruction and suppression even reached a depth of 10-12 kilometers.

The largest and longest assault, the Battle of Bagration, required even more astonishing logistical supplies:

Before leaving for the front, together with A.M. Vasilevsky, I studied very carefully all the strong points and weaknesses of the enemy's defense, as well as the measures that should be taken by the headquarters and units at all levels.

We also discussed with A.I. Antonov issues related to the supervision of the concentration of troops, supplies and reserves of the Stavka, as well as communications and informing us of measures taken by the Stavka in other directions. And other issues.

It is necessary to deliver a huge amount of materials and technical equipment to various front armies within a very short period of time.

According to the estimates of the General Staff, in order to ensure the implementation of the "Bagration" campaign, about 40 tons of ammunition, 30 tons of fuel and lubricants, and about 50 tons of grain must be transported to the troops. It is necessary to combine 5 arms into a group army, 2 A tank group, an air group, and the Polish 1st Army were concentrated in a predetermined area.

此外，最高统帅部从自己的预备队中抽出4个诸兵种合成集团军、2个坦克集团军、52个步兵和骑兵师、6个独立坦克和机械化军、33个航空兵师、21万补充人员、2，849门火炮和迫击炮配属给各方面军。

Therefore, war is a very complex systematic project. If LOL is used as an analogy, a short-term blitz is compared to "early snowballing and personal operating skills", then a protracted war that lasts for several years is the "bladder operation bureau".

If you really want to win a battle, the amount of human, material and financial resources invested are unimaginable.

Even if Mao Xiong produced 20000 tanks per year during World War II, it would take several months to prepare equipment and personnel before launching an offensive. The amount consumed in modern war can only be more, not less.

The logistics supply operation of the German ground forces at the second station mainly consists of several links such as railway transportation, depot distribution, road transportation, and front-line supply.

Usually bulk supplies are first transported by rail to the material distribution center closest to the front line for unloading, and distributed through rear depots. They are then transported to the front line by road by the transport fleets of the logistics units of each unit, and finally distributed to the grassroots units by the front line logistics department.

The German armored divisions require greater material supplies during maneuvers and operations than the infantry divisions, so the German armored divisions have a large number of logistics and transportation units within their organization.

Taking the Type 1939 Armored Division at the beginning of the war as an example, the number of logistics troops accounted for about 13 to 15% of the entire division. Its establishment was 1602 people, including 42 officers, 50 civilian personnel, 213 non-commissioned officers and 1297 soldiers. , and the actual number of personnel is often overstaffed. For example, in August 1939, the 8th Armored Division's logistics force had 4 people, accounting for 1630% of the total number of personnel in the division.

The armored division's logistics force is equipped with a large number of motor vehicles for transportation operations, including 97 motorcycles, 49 passenger cars and 323 trucks of various types.

Compared with the infantry units, the motorized columns of the German armored forces used soles of foot to maneuver and relied on horse-drawn carriages for transportation. The armored divisions were highly motorized.

The logistics troops of the Type 1939 Armored Division belong to several departments.

Units under the management of the Division Administrative Director include the Supply Management Office (22 people), the Slaughter Platoon (44 people), and the Bread Company (142 people);

Units attached to the division headquarters include the Military Police Platoon (68 people) and the Field Post Office. The former is responsible for maintaining military discipline and enforcing military law, and the latter is responsible for the military postal service;

最大规模的后勤单位是隶属于师后勤处长的运输部队，后勤处长同时也是师部成员，其指挥下的各单位人数多达900余人，在1939年时包括6个轻型运输纵队（每个纵队一次运输30吨物资）、3个重型运输纵队（主要运输燃料，每个纵队一次可运25立方米燃料）、2个维修连和1个供给连。师属运输部队最多可以运载180吨物资和75立方米的燃料。

In actual combat, the logistics situation of the German armored divisions was greatly affected by battlefield road conditions and vehicle conditions. For example, in Operation Barbarossa, the deeper the German armored units penetrated into the territory of Mao Xiong, the greater the logistical difficulties they faced. The first reason was that the track gauge of the Mao Xiong Railway was different from that of the German railways. As a result, the German army was unable to fully utilize the railways to transport large amounts of supplies to the front line in the early days of the war;

Secondly, the road conditions in Mao Xiong are very poor. There is a lack of high-grade roads and most of them are dirt roads. They are greatly affected by weather, which aggravates the wear and tear of vehicles. In addition, the sparse road network greatly affects the efficiency of logistics and transportation, so that German armored units often need to The aircraft drops fuel to maintain propulsion.

类似的情况也出现在隆美尔的非洲军身上，比如1942年1月，第21装甲师编制内的3528辆机动车里有2459辆无法使用，包括625辆摩托车、565辆乘用车、831辆卡车、151辆牵引车和287辆装甲车，妥善率不足30%。迫使德军只能大量使用缴获的英军车辆维持运输和机动。

Later, many people commented that Germany's logistics was very poor.

But in fact, in the early days of the war, the German army's logistics supply system was also remarkable.

Its complete logistics system ensured that the German army was invincible in the early days of World War II.

The logistics process of the German army can be said to be very rigorous, a bit like the express transportation used in later generations.

There is a military production department in the logistics of the German army. All strategic materials on the front line, including food, ammunition, weapons, etc., are produced here. After production, the materials will be classified and then transported to supply depots, arms warehouses and In the military material storage yard, after this, the production department will basically have nothing to do, and the national defense department will come forward to take over the materials.

Later, the national defense department will count and carefully inspect these materials. After all, they are supplies to be sent to the front line. They are very important. No one can afford a slight mistake, so this is also the first step in the transportation of logistics materials. One level.

If there are no problems with these materials, they will be transported to the front line through railway transportation.

Of course, some people have also asked, what if the railway breaks down or encounters some accidents that cannot be intervened by humans?

The German army also had a second-hand arrangement, which was to send cars to cooperate with trains to deliver supplies together.

However, do you think that as long as the materials are delivered to the front line safely and on time, everything will be over? Then you are totally wrong. The materials will be transported to the material warehouses and stockyards of various troops on the front line.

What I have to say is that in order to prevent someone from embezzling materials, Germany has specially put in place a system.

That is, after the materials are delivered, the army group of the group will directly contact the highest authority to report, and the army group of the group is only responsible for statistics and does not participate in the distribution of materials. This has greatly curbed the corruption of some corrupt officials. idea.

After that, it becomes simple. These materials are the responsibility of the group logistics unit. They will be responsible for delivering the materials to the division-level logistics unit. What happens next is the matter of the division-level logistics unit.

The division-level logistics department will in turn notify the regiment-level combat troops to receive the supplies.

Of course, if the regiment-level combat unit cannot spare manpower to receive supplies due to the tight war situation, the division-level logistics department will also help deliver the supplies to the door.

And here, the German army's material delivery process is almost the same, that is, according to which combat unit is short of what, it will be delivered to them.

Strategic materials will first be classified in the military production department before being shipped out. After all, some strategic materials are crucial, and to prevent confusion, food and drink cannot be put together with some gasoline weapons and ammunition, just in case. If the wrong one is delivered, it will be a lot of fun. How will the materials be processed and classified? I will introduce it to you below.

Within the military production department, there is a specialized defense department of the German army that will supervise the production of weapons and ammunition and check the qualification of the products. After all, they are used for fighting on the front line. It would be embarrassing if the weapons and ammunition suddenly broke down.

Therefore, within the military production department, there will be a special team in charge. Only those that pass the inspection will be sent to the railway transportation, or if there are special circumstances, they will be sent directly to the frontline combat troops.

These weapons and ammunition will then be transported all the way to special ammunition depots in division-level or regiment-level combat units, and then each combat department will be notified to receive supplies of weapons and ammunition in platoon units.

Of course, during World War II, they were sent directly to the front line. After all, fighting originally required a lot of manpower. If people were to be sent to collect supplies, there would be insufficient manpower.

Gasoline, diesel, etc. are generally loaded directly from the German oil depots, oil fields or refineries onto tank trains and transported to specialized fuel storage stations.

Generally, the means of transportation dispatched by countries during wartime is tank trains. Because the fuel consumption rate on the front line is very fast during wartime, tank trains are used to transport large amounts of fuel to ensure that supplies to the front lines are in place.

Of course, if there is nothing urgent, I will just use a tanker truck to transport it. After the fuel arrives at the fuel reserve station, in order to quickly put the tank train into use again, it will first pour the fuel into the tank or have a special fuel transportation department to load it.

Then there will be specialized people to direct the loading of these fuels into oil barrels or tanks, and then transport the loaded fuel directly to the fuel depot of the division-level combat troops, and then notify the next-level combat troops to come. Receive fuel supplies.

At the beginning of the war on the Eastern Front, the German army discovered that the tires of vehicles on the front line were seriously worn, so sometimes some lubricants and tires were sent to the front lines together with the troops transporting fuel.

The above is the classification of the weapons, ammunition and fuel supplies of the German army, and the next most important part is the living supplies of the soldiers.

If you want to fight a good war, combat materials are very important, but the bodies of the soldiers are even more important.

Otherwise, no matter how good the combat equipment is, if all the soldiers are hungry, how can they have the strength to fight?

No matter which country you are in, the food distributed during wars is canned food, etc. This is also to facilitate storage and transportation.

The canned food of the German army is generally produced by some specialized production enterprises, and then sent to food centralized stations, and sent to the military ration storage warehouses through special trains, and these warehouses are usually established at division ration transfer stations or divisions. The rear rations are then uniformly transported to various frontline combat departments by the division ration management office.

Of course, sometimes the troops will purchase or collect some fresh ingredients such as vegetables, fruits, meats, etc. in the occupied war zone to improve the food. After all, it is impossible for the supplies from the rear to transport these fresh things, otherwise they will not wait until On the front lines, these things are spoiled and moldy.

One of the most unique living supplies of the German army is the military horse.

Speaking of which, you may find it incredible, but I have to say that since the German army classified military horses into the ranks of daily necessities, it must have its own unique insights.

During the Second Station, the German army confiscated more than two million horses and mules, so horses and mules could be seen in the streets and alleys at that time. Because of this, people at the time called Germany the "Holy Mule and Horse Empire."

These military horses will be sent to the front line by railway transportation. This is not only used as a means of transportation. When the German army is besieged and has no food, the German army will kill these horses and mules and eat them as food.

In general, the German army's logistical support system is still very complete and can well guarantee the combat effectiveness of the frontline army.

But after all, we were at war, and things were changing. Later, because the German army's logistics system was destroyed by the Allies, the German army's logistics supply began to become tense.

The German army, which lost its good logistics, eventually headed towards the abyss of defeat.

This is why in the early stages of the German blitzkrieg, when the German blitzkrieg was so overwhelming (from the invasion of Poland to the early stages of Operation Barbarossa), it seemed that logistical problems did not affect the German combat operations.

However, starting from the Battle of Moscow, the German army began to suffer setbacks, and logistical problems seemed to appear all of a sudden.

As the saying goes, laymen talk about tactics, while experts talk about logistics.

The competition between the two warring parties in the war is largely a competition between their logistical support capabilities.

But compared to those grand battle scenes, people rarely know about the support troops who always silently support war operations behind the scenes.

Especially on the Soviet-German battlefield in World War II, when all eyes were focused on the passionate collision of the Soviet-German steel armies, the engineering troops who provided road construction, bridge building, mine clearance and other services for the armored armies of both sides were ignored.

Behind the rolling torrent, without their presence, there would not have been a miracle of war in which the Mao Xiong Red Army attacked from Moscow all the way to Berlin.

As an old rival of Germany, Mao Xiong’s logistics is also worth mentioning.

Like many branches of the Soviet army, the Red Army engineering corps before the Soviet-German war was large in scale, but its actual capabilities were quite limited.

Before the war (also during the war), the Soviet engineering corps was divided into two parts: the team-affiliated engineering corps within the combat front army's organizational structure and the reserve engineering corps of the Supreme Command. The latter was under the unified command of the headquarters of the Mao Xiong Supreme Command and was assigned to the combat front army as needed. and Army Group.

Together, the two provide various forms of engineering support to various departments of the Red Army.

Before June 1941, theoretically speaking, the Soviet army's engineering corps included engineering battalions within the infantry and cavalry corps, motorized engineering battalions within the mechanized corps, engineering battalions under the infantry division and cavalry division, infantry, Engineer companies or platoons under cavalry and tank brigades/regiments, and independent pontoon battalions under tank divisions.

In terms of establishment, the engineer battalion should include three three-platoon engineer companies, one bridging platoon, one special task platoon and several logistics support units, with a total of 3 people in the battalion;

The military engineer battalion added a technical support company, with a total of 1 people in the battalion.

统帅部预备队工程兵则编为19个工程兵团和15个舟桥团。工程兵团下辖1个团部、2个工兵营、1个技术营、1个轻型舟桥纵列（NPL）以及1所指挥员学校；舟桥团则包含1个团部、3个舟桥营、1个技术连、1个N2P舟桥纵列，以及1所指挥人员学校。

按照编制规定，每个工兵营装备有35部工程车辆、48辆卡车和21台拖拉机；每个工程兵团装备有89部工程车辆、152辆卡车、52部拖拉机、22部拖车、25部特种工程车辆和2-4台大型发电机组。

But like the mechanized army, airborne army, cavalry army, and long-range bombing aviation force that were hastily established or expanded before the war, the Soviet engineering force is a typical "big skin but little stuff".

据齐尔林等编著的《为苏维埃祖国而战的工程兵》所述，截至1941年6月22日，已经组建的工程兵团和工兵营缺少其编制数35%-60%的指挥干部、20%-70%的军士、35%的战士和大约50%的装备。

Many engineering battalions and zhouqiao battalions even have only basic personnel, becoming "shelf troops" in name only.

The rapid advancement of the German army in Operation Barbarossa not only caused serious casualties and equipment losses to the Soviet combat troops, but also severely damaged the already fragile Soviet engineering troops.

The defeat at the beginning of the war not only further stretched the equipment and strength of the Soviet engineering troops, but also seriously lacked the strength of the Soviet high command to seize the German army's previous construction and improvement of new battles or tactical defense areas, and provide counter-assault and counter-impact operations. Engineering guarantee.

Facing the crisis, Mao Xiong had to start from scratch and form a new engineering force suitable for the needs of the war in order to save the country and the Red Army.

The top priority is to comprehensively strengthen the defense system around important cities such as Moscow and Leningrad before the German army does, and to fully protect the core areas of the red regime.

In July 1941, Mao Xiong disbanded all reserve engineering corps and pontoon bridge regiments of the headquarters, and changed the general and division engineering battalions into a two-company system. At the same time, he abolished his bridging platoon and special task platoon, and further reduced the number of personnel. Drop 7 people.

Although this has greatly reduced the number of each corps (according to Mao Xiong military terminology, front armies and group armies are called corps, corps, divisions and independent brigades are called corps, organic brigades, regiments, independent battalions and flying groups are called troops, and organic battalions, companies and flying squadrons are called detachment, so some of the troops in this article refer to troops in a broad sense, and some are troops in the Soviet military establishment system. Please distinguish carefully. strength.

Each engineering group army has five engineering brigades, each with about 5 people.

The Ministry of National Defense also used reservists, military cadets, defense volunteers, and rear forces (mainly the elderly, women, and students) to enrich all engineer armies one by one through mobilization and emergency recruitment, and finally formed the 1941th Army before November 11. This type of group army then immediately used it to build a large number of fortified areas and permanent support points along the direction of the German offensive, and fortified key towns.

In the end, thanks to the continuous improvement of the defense system and the desperate fighting of various Soviet units, the German army finally stopped on the outskirts of Moscow and was pushed back 70-120 kilometers.

For the first time, the engineering force demonstrated its great value in the war and made an important contribution to turning the tide.

However, although the Engineer Group Army has proved its own value, it has also exposed many shortcomings such as a bloated structure and inconvenient command in actual combat.

Moreover, the expansion of the Engineer Group Army at the expense of significantly reducing the engineering troops under the Corps resulted in the Soviet Army lacking strong engineering support during the winter counteroffensive of 1941-1942, which greatly restricted the speed and results of its deep advance into the German Army.

To this end, combined with relevant experience and lessons, in the spring of 1942, the Ministry of National Defense abolished five engineering group armies, and used part of their strength to supplement the infantry units and part of it to form a new type of engineering brigade.

This kind of brigade is directly attached to the combat front army, and the front army will strengthen it in the most needed areas or directions according to needs to provide engineering support for the combat troops.

因为各方面军面对的战场环境及其领受任务并不相同，故而旅的编制也不完全一样，但大体上都下辖1个旅部、1个汽车拖拉机连、5到8个工程营、1个电工技术营和1个电气化大队，人数在3200至4500不等。4月，该型旅被正式命名为特种工程兵旅（SDEB）。

The emergence of SDEB has greatly improved the frontline engineering support capabilities of the Soviet combat fronts and group armies, and can be flexibly dispatched according to battlefield needs. As of February 1943, 2, the Soviet army had built a total of 1 SDEBs.

In addition, in view of the fact that rapid and efficient passage of rivers and wading areas is crucial for combat troops to quickly advance and develop results deep into the enemy, the Soviet army began to form a new type of pontoon bridge brigade.

这种旅下辖1个指挥连、3至7个摩托化舟桥营和若干水下作业大队，装备承载能力为50吨的DMP-42舟桥。

In early 1943, based on the counter-offensive experience in the late stages of the Battle of Stalingrad, the Soviet army updated its pontoon bridge to a TMP pontoon bridge that could carry up to 100 tons.

After the Battle of Stalingrad, as the Soviet Army took the strategic initiative and the war situation eased, the Soviet Army Headquarters began to have time and energy to restore the originally severely compressed team-affiliated engineering units and embark on combat missions targeting different types of units. , to strengthen engineering troops or detachments with corresponding functions.

For example, a motorized engineering battalion is incorporated into each tank corps and mechanized corps to provide real-time engineering support along with the armored and mechanized forces.

针对越来越频繁的进攻德军筑垒地域或防线的行动，苏军于1943年春开始组建强击工程兵旅。这种旅下辖有1个旅部、5个强击工兵营、1个摩托化侦察连、1个轻型渡河器材纵列、1个扫雷连及若干后勤保障分队。

The main task of this kind of brigade is to assist the tanks and infantry units that serve as the vanguard of the assault, break down the strong fortifications on the enemy's defense line, clear minefields and remove various obstacles.

Depending on the progress of the war, Mao Xiong also summed up experience in a timely manner and formed some small specialized engineering units, such as an independent heavy flamethrower company to support the infantry in pulling out enemy fortifications or houses used as firepower points, and a drilling company to provide water sources for the army.

In addition, as the Red Army began to launch large-scale offensives at the end of 1943, Mao Xiong quickly formed a number of engineering tank regiments. Each regiment was equipped with 22 T-34 or M4 tanks, and each tank was equipped with a PT-3 rolling tank. Pressure mine clearing equipment.

These regiments often served as the vanguard of the torrent of Soviet armor, paving the way for the safe passage of subsequent troops in German minefields.

During the Soviet-German War, the officers and soldiers of the Soviet engineering corps performed bravely and outstandingly, and 642 people were awarded the title of "Heroes of the Soviet Union". During the war, the Soviet engineering troops repaired and expanded a total of 11.7 kilometers of roads, bridges, and tunnels, and built more than 152 million camps, equipment, and facilities of various types;

More than 7000 million anti-tank mines or explosives were set up, more than 1 German armored and non-armored vehicles were destroyed, and 1.17 million obstacles and destructive objects of various types were cleared, effectively ensuring the successful completion of Soviet combat operations.

After the war, most of the engineering troops were disbanded, but the immortal contributions made by the vast number of engineering officers and soldiers for the victory of the Great Patriotic War will surely go down in history forever.

At the second station, logistics supplies and troop mobilization were mainly based on railways.

During the tug-of-war, the front railways were basically damaged.

Both the Soviet Union and Germany would basically rush to repair the railways to meet the urgent needs of supplies and mobilization while ensuring the security of the newly occupied areas.

Sometimes, in order to achieve campaign objectives, railways are immediately built in war zones.

The railway is easy to destroy and not easy to repair, and the road condition of the eastern line is rubbish.

As a result, the campaign objectives of both sides generally do not exceed the maximum range of the rapid corps.

Why do we mention this? It is to establish the basic idea that both sides on the Eastern Front of World War II would go back and forth along the railway line to target industrial zones.

There are only a few railway lines from Siberia, and most of the Trans-Siberian Railway is single track rather than double track.

Just these few railways supported Mao Xiong's movement of all materials and materials for the army for more than four years.

The railway's dispatching capabilities can be said to be unparalleled.

On the other hand, Desan still did not have an efficient and concise administrative system until the defeat. The management and resource allocation were in a mess. There are many documents. Perhaps the most interesting one is the words written by Gu Shuai when he was the director of the armored forces. In it, Gu Shuai not only had to Choosing the appropriate armor equipment, and even having a say in where the chassis is going, can ensure that Desan's armored soldiers get the equipment they need.

If the operation of a state machine requires the "heroic feat" of one or two people, it can prove that the operation regulations of this machine are failed or unscientific.

The problem of administrative redundancy in Germany's third country is particularly obvious in Eastern Europe and the areas occupied by Mao Xiong.

At least in terms of railway dispatching, Mao Xiong's performance on the Eastern Line should be better than that of Germany.

Second, the terrain in the central and northern parts of the Soviet-German battlefield was too bad, and there were many plains in the south, so various sieges mostly occurred in the southern battlefield.

The great victories fought by the bears in the south, such as Stalingrad, are a special case. They started from the Kutuzov-Rumyantsev operation after the Kurdistan War (Kharkov in the early 43 personally believed that there was no such Abnormal strength comparison, Balkman is not the same, they are really bragging here).

Before the Kurdish War, the total number of German troops and their minions was 400 million+, and the Soviet army was 600 million+. However, the number of tanks available on the front line was only 5K on one side and 16K on the other. Calculating the ratio, an average of 300 people on both sides could not get a tank.

Therefore, on the one hand, the main combat force of both sides on the Eastern Front in World War II, the infantry, was still based on mules and horses. On the other hand, tanks, as the main assault force, were often used intensively by both sides to break through enemy defenses or as firefighting brigades.

Even if we look at the large number of infantry alone, excluding the length of the vast North and South Fronts of the Soviet Union, on average there are less than 1 people per kilometer per side.

In addition, in order to ensure a solid and stable defense, both sides will carry out echelon depth deployment. Therefore, in the southern plains, it is common for a German infantry division to fill a 5-10KM front line.

Therefore, in this situation of vast land and sparsely populated areas.

Both sides are actually racking their brains to think of how to squeeze out people to accumulate strength. The German army's method of squeezing out people is to prepare contextual chapters. The armored division cuts off an armored regiment, and the infantry division also cuts and cuts, and squeezes them out to form a new division. , there is basically no armored force on the front line, and armored troops are used intensively.

As an academic practitioner of large-depth offensives, concentrating superior forces and weapons and selecting the direction of the assault are the foundation of the foundation. The Soviet army often concentrates more than 50% of its infantry and artillery in the direction of the assault during the attack. Therefore, the direction of the assault is The Germans would certainly feel the disparity.

However, the rapid corps requires breaking through in a selected direction while traveling or inserting into depth from a breakthrough in a selected direction without engaging in combat, which intensifies the disparity in proportions in the direction of breakthrough.

There is another factor worth noting. The Soviet troops who got up early were relatively unfamiliar with offensive skills and often adopted dense echelon formations for attacks. This formation was very similar to the refueling tactic, and more than half of the assault troops could not be deployed on the front line. They were often killed by direct fire before entering the battle.

However, at this time, there were so many Soviet soldiers, and there were far from signs of exhaustion of manpower.

(End of this chapter)