Film and Television: Starting from the Journey to Guandong

Chapter 162

In Plan Barbarossa, in addition to the 320 million German troops as the core, the Axis ground forces attacking the Bear were also Including the armies of several slave states.

Cooperating with the German Army Group Northern are the 49 Finnish troops commanded by Mannerheim; the German Army Group South includes 36 Romanian troops, 4.4 Hungarian troops and 6.9 Italian troops.

In November 1939, Mao Xiong provoked the Soviet-Finnish War. At the cost of heavy casualties, Mao Xiong seized the territories that Mao Xiong was reluctantly assigned to Finland in the 11 peace treaty - the Karelian Isthmus, as well as northern and central Finland. territory.

In June 1940, Mao Xiong sent troops to Romania and captured Romania's Bessarabia and Northern Bucovina regions. As a result, Romania lost 6/1 of its territory.

Therefore, Finland and Romania are the most active when it comes to the issue of invasive woolly bears.

In September 1940, Antonescu, the then Chief of Staff of Romania, took the opportunity to force King Carol II to abdicate. After Carol II passed the throne to his son Michael I, he went into exile overseas. Antonescu Nescu has since achieved authoritarian status in the country.

In January 1941, after Antonescu learned that Germany was going to attack the Soviet Union, he went to Germany three times to meet with Mr. Chi to discuss the Romanian army's participation in the war.

Not only did he promise to send his own troops to fight against the bears, he would also bear all the costs of invading German troops from Romania's borders.

The reward given by Uncle Xi is that after the war, Romania will not only get Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, but also the southern Ukraine area from Odessa to Donbas.

In June 1941, the 6th Army of the German Army Group South, commanded by Schobet, completed its assembly in northern Romania, and the Luftwaffe's 11th Air Force, commanded by Leer, entered the airport in Romania.

At the same time, Romania established the "Army Group Antonescu", which governed the 3rd and 4th Army Groups, with a total of 14 divisions and 10 brigades. Antonescu personally served as the commander of the Army Group (the actual command authority was provided by the German stationed in Romania). Hansen, the head of the national defense military delegation), cooperated with the German army to participate in the war.

其中，罗马尼亚第3集团军辖6个步兵师、3个骑兵旅、3个山地旅和1个装甲旅（番号为第1装甲师），第4集团军辖8个步兵师又1个骑兵旅。

On June 1941, 6, the German army invaded Mao Xiong, and Romania declared war on the Soviet Union the next day.

On July 1941, 7, the German 2th Army, in cooperation with the Romanian 11rd Army, formed a main assault group on the left wing, crossed the Prut River, and entered Ermao.

The Romanian 4th Army moved north along the Black Sea coast, aiming directly at Odessa.

On June 6, the same day that the German army invaded Mao Xiong, Romanian bombers carried out air strikes in the southern region of Soviet Ukraine, and also air raided the Black Sea port city of Odessa.

On June 6, the Soviet Navy’s Black Sea Fleet dispatched a cruiser and four destroyers to violently bombard the port of Constanta on the west coast of the Black Sea and the southeastern Romanian port.

The Black Sea Fleet destroyed an oil depot in Romania at the cost of the destroyer Moskva.

During this period, the Soviet Air Force also carried out air strikes on the Port of Constanta and the Romanian oil-producing area of ​​Ploiesti. In the air strike on July 7, the Soviet Air Force blew up 13 Romanian oil tankers and burned more than 29 tons of oil. .

The air raid on July 7 burned more than 18 tons of automobile fuel.

Romanian oil production fell by 30% during this period of air strikes.

For this reason, Uncle Xi ordered Schobet's 11th Army to deploy part of the offensive force to strengthen the defense of Romania's oil-producing areas.

Odessa is located in southern Ukraine, 30 kilometers northeast of the mouth of the Dniester River into the Black Sea. It is an important port city of the Soviet Union on the Black Sea and an important supply base for the Black Sea Fleet.

In early August 1941, the Romanian 8th Army under the command of Cupelk advanced to the lower reaches of the Dniester River in an attempt to capture the important port city of Odessa on the northwest coast of the Black Sea.

On August 8, due to the unfavorable outcome of the war, the Mao Xiong High Command ordered the Soviet Southern Front to withdraw to Chigirin, Voznesensk, and the Dniester Gulf.

At the same time, the Independent Coastal Army of the Odessa Military District was ordered to do everything possible to hold on to Odessa in order to contain the flanks of the German Army Group South and ensure that the Southern Front and Southwest Front received support and supplies from the sea.

At this time, the Soviet Independent Coastal Army only had the 25th and 95th Infantry Divisions, the 9th Cavalry Division and a section of the Black Sea Fleet, commanded by Lieutenant General Sofronov.

In order to defend the city, more than 10 soldiers and civilians in Odessa built three defense areas with a total length of more than 250 kilometers in a short period of time, including the peripheral defense zone, the main defense zone and the cover zone.

其中，外围防御地区距城市20-25公里；主要防御地区距城市10-14公里；掩护地区距城市6-10公里。

About 250 barricades were built on the streets in Odessa, and fortifications were scattered around the city.

In addition, a ship detachment composed of one cruiser, two destroyers and several other ships of the Black Sea Fleet, together with the coastal artillery, is responsible for implementing sea cover and fire support.

On August 8, martial law was declared in Odessa, and two marine regiments and several naval detachments belonging to the Black Sea Fleet were newly formed into the 8st Infantry Division.

Odessa citizens were also mobilized to join the city defense battle, which also included a women's defense battalion of about 900 people.

At this point, the Soviet defense force in Odessa has expanded to 3.5 people, and it also has more than 2000 artillery and mortars, more than 400 tanks, and more than 300 combat aircraft.

In late July 1941, the Romanian army recaptured Bessarabia, which it had lost a year earlier, and completed preparations to attack Odessa.

The Romanian 4th Army was responsible for the main attack, and the German 11th Army was responsible for carrying out auxiliary attacks on the left flank of the Romanian army.

8月5日，罗军第4集团军以5个步兵师、2个骑兵师又1个摩托化旅，从格里戈里奥波尔地域向敖德萨远接近地发起进攻。

On August 8, the Romanian army captured the town of Alexandrovka, opening a gap far away from the ground. Then the Soviet troops launched a counterattack in an attempt to retake the town. The battle between the two sides lasted from morning to dusk. As the Romanian 8st Armored Division and 1st Armored Regiment entered the battle, the Soviet army was forced to retreat.

By August 8, the strength of the Romanian army increased to 10 divisions and 12 brigades, which was five times the strength of the Soviet army, and it launched a full-line attack on the Soviet army.

The Soviet Coastal Army fought and retreated, retreating from Odessa to the forward defense area.

On August 8, the Romanian army advanced to the coast of the Black Sea east of Lake Tiligur, cutting off the land connection between the Odessa defenders and the outside world. Odessa became an isolated city trapped behind the Axis forces. The situation is even more critical.

In the following days, the Romanian army, with the assistance of armored forces, carried out roundabout and cutting attacks on the Soviet army's outer defensive positions, forcing the Soviet army to shrink its defense lines.

On August 8, the Romanian army shifted to a focused offensive, concentrating its forces to attack Odessa from the northeast and northwest flanks. In the northwest direction, the Romanian army launched a resolute assault with three infantry divisions and the 15st Armored Division along the railway line from Razdelinaya to Odessa, gradually advancing to the main defense zone of Odessa and approaching the city.

The focus of the competition between the two sides turned to the water supply pumping station located in the western suburbs of the city. Luo Jun believed that once captured here, the water supply in the city would be cut off, and the Soviet army would inevitably be unable to hold on to the city.

The Romanian army's attack was first launched in the town of Mikhailovka, not far from the water supply pumping station.

Not long after the attack started, the Soviet 95th Division, which also knew the importance of this place, organized a counterattack.

During this day's battle, the number of Romanian troops participating in the battle was reduced by 50%. The 1st Armored Regiment of the 1st Armored Division, which had repulsed the Soviet army in Alessandro Loka a few days ago, lost almost all its tanks in the battle. The commander of the armored regiment was also killed in the battle.

In this battle, the 95rd Regiment of the 163th Division of the Soviet Army received collective merit, and the commander of the 3rd Battalion of the regiment, Lieutenant Burius, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

However, due to the limited strength of the Soviet army, the Romanian army withstood the Soviet counterattack despite heavy losses, and captured the town of Mikhailovka and the water supply pumping station, cutting off Odessa's fresh water supply.

Since then, the Soviet Black Sea Fleet had to reduce the transportation of weapons and ammunition and supply fresh water to the city.

On August 8, in order to unify the command of the army and navy forces in the area and organize the city's defense more effectively, the Odessa garrison was placed under the command of the Black Sea Fleet. The Black Sea Fleet established the Odessa Defense Area with Zhukov, the commander of the Odessa Naval Base, as the commander (Sofronov served as deputy commander). It consists of three divisions: south, west, and east, with 19 divisions and Several independent units, totaling 3 people.

Among them, the southern front was defended by two regiments of the 25th Infantry Division; the western front was defended by the 2th Infantry Division; and the northeastern front was defended by the 95st Infantry Division.

On August 8, the Romanian army launched a new attack on the city of Odessa with 20 divisions and 17 brigades.

Although the strength of the Soviet army is far lower than that of the Romanian army, relying on the port of Odessa, it can continuously receive equipment, materials and soldiers transported from Sevastopol, and evacuate the wounded and some factories to the rear. Therefore, the Soviet army has always Able to hold the line of defense and crush the Luo army's attack.

At the end of August, Antonescu decided not to blindly attack, but instead focused on carrying out continuous artillery fire and air raids on the port and city, trying to prevent the Black Sea Fleet from entering the port to provide supplies to the city, and destroy the defenders' will to resist. .

After that, the supply of the Soviet army was almost interrupted, and the Black Sea Fleet could only rely on small ships to transport a small amount of supplies into the port at night.

Before the war began, there were no military-industrial enterprises in Odessa. After the war broke out, more than 20 companies in Odessa began producing military supplies. During the Odessa Defense Campaign, citizens braved air raids and shelling by the Romanian army. Even though the city lacked food and fresh water, the factories always produced at full capacity. Provided 3 armored trains, 200 82mm mortars and more than 1000 50mm mortars, 1022 trench-throwing rockets, 21 grenades, 3 anti-tank and anti-infantry mines, and Lots of Molotov cocktails, field phones, cables, etc.

In more than a month of fighting, the Soviet army suffered equally huge losses. More than 1 artillery pieces were left in reserve before the war, which could still meet combat needs, and only 300 tanks were left.

To this end, workers in Odessa built a makeshift tank ("Deterrer 1") out of tractor chassis and steel left over from the factory's evacuation. Most of these tanks are equipped with 7.62mm machine guns, and individual tanks are equipped with 37mm and 45mm artillery.

The workers also used their subjective initiative to create "composite armor" for the tank. This tank's armor steel plate has two layers, filled with plywood and rubber in the middle, giving the tank good defensive capabilities. The small-caliber anti-tank guns used in Romania cannot Break through their fronts.

On September 9, Soviet warships broke through the Romanian army's fire blockade and transported the 19th Infantry Division to Odessa, strengthening the city's defense in the northeast.

9月22日，苏军黑海舰队第3海军陆战团（辖3个陆战营和1个迫击炮连）从克里米亚半岛的塞瓦斯托波尔出发，在格里戈里耶夫卡、罗马尼亚军队的背后实施登陆，与苏军第421和第157师形成对罗军东北集群的东西夹击之势。

At the same time, the Soviet paratroopers also carried out airdrops behind the Roman army.

Under the counter-attacks of multiple Soviet troops, coupled with the artillery support of the Black Sea Fleet, two Romanian divisions were defeated. In order to avoid being encircled and annihilated, they were forced to retreat 2 to 5 kilometers back before the stability of the front was restored.

That night, the 3rd Marine Regiment joined forces with the 421st and 157th Divisions to protect the city's urban area and port from Romanian artillery fire.

In this battle, the Romanian army lost more than 2000 people, and the Soviet army lost 29 people and wounded 407 people.

During this period, the Soviet army's operations in the direction of Kiev had ended.

During the Battle of Kiev, the Soviet Southwest Front and Southern Front lost most of their troops, with more than 60 prisoners captured.

The German army crossed the Dnieper River, and the forward troops advanced towards Kharkov, Rostov and the Crimean Peninsula. The Odessa garrison became an isolated island behind the German occupied areas.

The Romanian army suffered heavy losses in more than a month of fighting, and some troops had to return to the country to rest.

Sofronov, who served as the actual commander of the Soviet army, also suffered from a recurrence of coronary heart disease during this period and was withdrawn to the rear to recuperate. His position was taken over by his assistant Petrov.

In view of the delay in capturing Odessa, Antonescu requested the German army to send air forces to provide fire support. After that, the German army and the Romanian Air Force strengthened their air force in the direction of Odessa and carried out non-stop bombing rounds on the city.

In order to improve the defense of the Crimean Peninsula, the Stavka decided to abandon Odessa on September 9.

To this end, the Black Sea Fleet formulated a careful retreat plan, dividing the retreat into two stages.

10月1～14日，黑海舰队出动了281航次，动用运输船和战斗舰艇输送8.6万部队和1.5万居民撤往克里米亚半岛，其中还包括14辆坦克、36辆装甲汽车、约500门火炮、1158辆汽车、3500余匹马、163辆拖拉机以及约2.5万吨各种物资。

10月15日，黑海舰队集中巡洋舰2艘、驱逐舰4艘、炮舰2艘、护卫舰1艘、布雷舰2艘、扫雷舰6艘、鱼雷艇13艘、护卫艇34艘、辅助船8艘、运输船11艘将负责殿后的守军3.5万人撤出。

Due to the tight organization and effective measures of this operation, the German and Romanian forces failed to detect it in time. On October 10, Hitler even sent a letter to Antonescu, suggesting that German heavy artillery units and an infantry division be sent to Odessa. To reinforce the Romanian 15th Army.

In this battle, the Soviet defense troops stationed in Odessa fought alone for 73 days in the enemy's far rear, and 16578 of their own troops were killed. The Soviet army claimed that the Romanian army suffered about 15 casualties, and Romania claimed a total of 8.1 casualties and another 1.1 missing.

After the Romanian army captured Odessa, in order to vent their anger, they massacred civilians in the city. More than 7 civilians were killed in Odessa.

Although the Soviet army did not win the battle for the defense of Odessa, the successful and timely retreat allowed the Coastal Army to retain its strength and provided the Soviet army with valuable defensive experience.

The circular defense line and alternating fire point configuration used by the Littoral Army in the Odessa Defense War were included in the Soviet defensive war manual.

Lieutenant General Sofronov, who evacuated to the Caucasus, also personally presided over the exchange of combat experience, edited and wrote a training manual for new recruits, and constantly upgraded and updated the Soviet defense manual based on the experience of different defense battles, making contributions to the victorious German fascists. made an indelible contribution.

It is also worth mentioning that in the early days of the war, Stalin rarely allowed frontline troops to retreat, and the withdrawal order of the Odessa garrison was one of the few exceptions during this period.

(End of this chapter)