Siheyuan: My Northeastern Farmhouse

Chapter 444 The Road to Independence
I recall that it was really difficult for Tsinghua University to develop computers that year. Transistors, diodes, resistors, and capacitors were slowly and trial-and-error welded (assembled) together with microchips. It took a lot of effort. .

Especially the chip, if you are not careful, it will be destroyed. You can only go to the Semiconductor Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to knock on the door and lick your face to ask for it. This job is usually left to Gu Weijun.
Who makes him thick-skinned?
When he thought of this, Gu Weijun couldn't help but smile. It was really real and simple back then. The Semiconductor Research Institute was not like the clean and tidy dust-free laboratories shown on TV in later generations, but more like a steel-making workshop.

At that time, Engineer Liang told Gu Weijun: "Our monocrystalline silicon furnace and zone melting silicon monocrystalline furnace are both modified with electronic steel-making furnaces, especially the latter. In order to ensure the smooth melting of silicon, marble is also used. Insulation.”

When Engineer Liang talked cheerfully, Gu Weijun also accompanied him happily, but he felt inexplicably sad.

"There is no way!" Liang Gong continued to introduce, "We have no other reference materials. There is a Soviet Union's "Semiconductor Materials Analysis". Then we checked the information for a long time and finally saw "Engineering Management" written by Qian Xuesen. This book, and then I saw some magazine information in the United States.”

"There are two words, high frequency, so just calculate it and test it."

"You don't know, when we took apart the back cover of the steel-making furnace, it directly said that the frequency of use cannot be changed."

At that time, Gu Weijun was in awe after hearing this. These are not TMD researchers, they are gods!
You really are not afraid of death. The electronic steel-making furnace is directly changed to high-frequency current transmission. If you are not careful, it will be a "bo~~" explosion.
He immediately said that he would tell Teacher Wang of the computer team when he got back that he would be more careful when doing assembly.
Liang Gong also waved his hand and laughed heartily, "We created it just for computers."

"By the way, Factory 109, Institute 13, and Shanghai Factory are also doing corresponding research on semiconductors. You can discuss with each other. How can progress be made faster by working behind closed doors than by pooling wisdom?"

Time flies so fast
Gu Weijun wrote hard and quickly finished writing the monocrystalline silicon rod. However, when he wrote about the lithography machine, he was a little unsure, because all domestic lithography machines are made in Shanghai. , he really doesn’t know where the current technology has reached.

After thinking about it, I’d better go to the Semiconductor Research Institute tomorrow.
Gu Weijun was lying on the bed with his hands on the pillow, and for some reason he suddenly remembered that the chip got stuck in his neck in later generations.

Hey, compradorism kills people.
Traveling back to this era, Gu Weijun only learned that our country's electronic computer research group was established in 52 after studying at Tsinghua University, especially after majoring in engineering physics! The team leader is Hua Luogeng, director of the Institute of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 56, our first transistor was born. In 59, Director Lin Lanying led Liang Gong and other students who had returned from studying in the Soviet Union to design our country's own single crystal furnace: pull out three 3 Purity silicon single crystal and zone melting silicon single crystal furnace: 9 7 purity silicon single crystals in advance
In 61, my country established its first integrated circuit research and development research group.
These self-developed technologies, especially Liang Gong's "high-frequency induction heating" technology, are still in use in later generations.

Therefore, in the future, our country's chip stuck, in fact, it is not stuck in the monocrystalline silicon rod, that is, the silicon wafer. Our domestic 8-12-inch silicon wafers are basically domestically produced, and the output reaches new highs every year.

Silicon wafers are divided into photovoltaic monocrystalline silicon and semiconductor monocrystalline silicon based on various indicators such as silicon purity and resistivity: the output of photovoltaic monocrystalline silicon has basically accounted for at least 80% of the world's supply; semiconductor monocrystalline silicon Monocrystalline silicon wafers in the 6-8 inch range also account for more than 60% of the world's production.

Later generations were actually stuck in the field of lithography machines, especially after we canceled the lithography machine project in the 80s. This area was further and further left behind and then gradually disappeared.
What a pity!

Why do you say that? Lithography machines are optical equipment, and Gu Weijun has been involved in the introduction of technology for 64 years.

When the country introduced technology from Europe in order to develop technology in the optical field and the semiconductor field, it particularly emphasized the need to introduce the world's advanced optical technology from the French Institute of Optical Research.

This is why the Shanghai Optical Instrument Factory independently developed my country's first-generation contact lithography machine in 66, and the photoelectric contour meter was successfully developed in 73.

In 64, the country had just emerged from those three years, and even with all the money it had saved, it had to introduce optical technology.
顾维军又从光刻机，不知怎么又想到了Y十飞机；直8、9直升机；远程轰炸机；093、094H潜艇；大型导弹驱逐舰；歼9200多项啊.
I don't know how many of them I can save. I must be lucky, but I can't seem to touch the others. I fell into a dream in a daze.

The next day, Gu Weijun bought two sesame cakes on the roadside and drove to the Semiconductor Research Institute while eating them.

The Semiconductor Research Institute is right next to Tsinghua University. Gu Weijun drove past with ease. There were two soldiers standing guard at the door. After explaining his purpose and showing his work permit, Gu Weijun was allowed to enter.

"Dong dong!" Gu Weijun knocked on Director Lin Lanying's door, "Come in!"

The old lady pushed up her glasses and saw that it was Gu Weijun who came in through the door. She couldn't help but joke, "Hey, you kid, it's been a long time since you came to my place to catch the autumn wind? What kind of wind brought you here today?"

"Which unit are you in now? Why haven't I heard anything from you for several years?" "Let me tell you, your age now is a good time to devote yourself to research. You are full of energy and have a broad mind. Can’t you slack off?”

Gu Weijun touched his nose in embarrassment, "Director Lin, I'm in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs now. When I was assigned work, my boss said that I could contribute more to the country on the diplomatic front."

"Oh, aren't you studying engineering physics?"

"Even if you don't engage in nuclear technology, you should still come to our semiconductor institute?"

"Isn't this a waste?"

Gu Weijun touched his nose again. This was the first time someone said that he did not do technical work and it was a waste. The old lady's character was still as straightforward as ever.

"Then why are you here today?"

"Oh, that's right." Gu Weijun told the story of the project to use foreign capital to support the domestic semiconductor industry, and then explained his purpose, "Director Lin, I just want to hear your opinion as a professional. "

"Should we establish a new unit? Or use the existing factory?"

Mrs. Lin did not answer the question directly. Instead, she apologized to Gu Weijun first, "What I just said was not objective enough. I apologize to you. The leader was right to arrange for you to go to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs!"

"Your idea is very good!"

"If it is successfully implemented, it will definitely significantly improve our domestic semiconductor and computer technology!"

"You are indeed better off in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs than simply being a technician."

After that, Mrs. Lin never answered Gu Weijun's question, but fell into memories: "In 60, the news of "silicon planar transistor" came out in the United States. Brothers Wang Xuewu and Wang Shoujue and I were ready to overcome this difficulty."

"Back then, our two superpowers blocked us together. We had no data, no drawings, no experimental equipment, and the national material supply was insufficient. At that time, we did not have a photolithography machine. We used two microscopes and an ultraviolet exposure lamp. A simple "photolithography machine" was built."

"In this way, we overcame one difficulty after another. In 63, we developed the first batch of ultra-small high-frequency transistors, which were only as big as a matchbox. After further improvements in April 64, they became as big as a sesame seed."

"After that, domestic photoresist, device packaging materials, diffusion furnaces, photolithography machines, pressure welding machines, vacuum coating equipment, transistor measuring instruments and other materials and equipment sprung up like mushrooms after a rain."

"Then came the birth of the 109-C Merit Machine, which can perform hundreds of thousands of operations per second."

“其实64年11月份我们半导体所就已经开发出来国内的第一块集成电路了，6只晶体管、7个电阻、6个电容共19个元件，比西瓜子还小，跟世界上主流的集成电路相当。”

Only then did the old lady say what was in her heart, "We have made great strides in the fields of semiconductors and computers. We can not lose to anyone or any institution abroad!"

"We can do better than Americans!"

(End of this chapter)