At the end of Qin, I became a son of the plane

Chapter 238: The ripples of Han’s inheritance of Qin’s system and enfeoffment

On December 17, the second year of the Han Dynasty, Zhangtai Palace.

Xu Fan summoned Zhou Zhang, Chen Lin, Zhang Liang, Li Shiqi, Chen Ping, Kong Yu, Sun Shutong and other civil servants to discuss the structure of the new Han Dynasty.

Xu Fan said: "The world already belongs to me, the Han Dynasty. The most important thing now is to formulate a legal system that belongs to me, the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, but the Qin Dynasty has some inappropriate policies, and all laws and regulations should be abolished.

In the criminal law, all criminal laws that mutilate limbs have been abolished, and the death penalty can only be retained by hanging. Accepting the death penalty is already the greatest punishment for a person, and letting him suffer some crimes before death will not only show the cruelty of the court, but also have no effect. Other meanings include the abolition of the punishment of consecutive executions as much as possible, and retaining the crime of treason is enough. "

Chen Lin nodded and said: "No!"

Zhou Zhang and others didn't have any objections. First, Bao Qin went too far with the punishment of Lian Zhu. Those who followed Xu Fan and others in the rebellion at first were worried about Lian Zhu, so they simply followed Xu Fan in rebellion. Zhou Zhang and others knew that Lian Zhu would be punished. Expose the harmful effects of expanded words. That is to say, if you force one family to rebel, you will force the people of one li to rebel, and if you force the people of one li to rebel, you will force the people of the entire county to rebel. The Han army was able to expand so quickly in the beginning, and Qin Falian's system of continuous executions was indispensable.

The second is that abolition of Lian Zhu would also be beneficial to their family. Ordinary people would not dare to commit the crime of killing the whole family. It is upper-class families like them that are most likely to get involved in political storms and have the whole family killed. Although the King of Han is now kind, their family Don't worry, but the descendants of King Han may not be so kind.

"There are also other laws that stretch the hand too wide and are all abolished. Let me give you an example!"

"Ahem! Your Majesty, you should call me or Gu."

Xu Fan waved his hand and said: "What we are discussing today is a major matter. The small details in this kind of title are meaningless. I have become the emperor and I have to control every title. Doesn't it mean that I am the emperor in vain?"

Kong Yu was said to be extremely embarrassed.

Xu Fan continued: "The laws of Qin even stipulate that two and two-thirds of rice should be sown per acre. What do ordinary officials do to care about these things? How can they be more diligent than the old farmers who have been farming for decades? Do you know how to farm?”

Xu Fan knew the importance of scientific farming. If the number of farmers' disciples could increase hundreds of times, there would be so many technicians to guide farmers on how to increase production.

Xu Fan looked at Chen Lin and said: "Abolish all the laws on reaching too far in the field laws. There will be no one in this world who knows how to farm better than farmers."

Chen Lin said: "No!"

"There are still three people who will be caught at a party. You don't care what they do at the party. You will be caught even if you eat and hold up. You will be caught even if you steal a few leaves. I'm not saying that you should let such little evil go unchecked.

But the Qin Dynasty enacted this law to catch criminals. Who would steal a few leaves when they are full? What if a gentleman wants to falsely accuse the common people and throw their own leaves into other people's fields? These are for special purposes. All laws enacted to capture prisoners were abolished. "

Chen Lin's face was confused: "Your Majesty, you are going to completely change the laws of Qin. This cannot be done in a short time."

Forget about minor repairs and industry changes, according to the emperor's words, this is a large-scale revision of Qin's laws. This is a huge project. At least Chen Lin knew that it would be difficult to do this with his own abilities.

Xu Fan said: "Making laws is a major matter for the country. Don't be anxious, just do it little by little. It just so happens that sages from all over the country are in Chang'an City. You can discuss it with them. In short, the principle of formulating Han law is that the same crime should be punished with the same punishment, and the punishment should be equal. Don't appear like that. It’s a matter of heavy punishment for minor crimes and light punishment for serious crimes. I don’t need prisoners to serve in corvee, nor do I need these laws to arrest people.”

"No!" Chen Lin said with a bitter face.

This is an unprecedentedly large project, and it is not easy for Chen Lin, who was a farmer three years ago.

Xu Fan thought for a while and said: "You can ask some Qin officials for advice. They have rich experience in formulating laws, especially Li Si. Although his character is poor, his talent is first-class."

To be honest, after the Han army entered Guanzhong, many people shouted at Li Si, because the enclosure policy was what Li Si proposed in the first place, but Xu Fan said from the beginning that he wanted to ensure their safety, and he didn't want to Do things that are not true to your word.

Zhou Zhang nodded and said: "Qin's laws are too harsh, and the people of the world have been suffering for a long time. I, the great Han Dynasty, can win over the hearts of the people of the world by abolishing the Qin laws. If we govern by doing nothing, the world will be stable."

Qin's law is too strict, and it is so strict that it suppresses human nature. This is a machine built for war. When the war is over, this machine is naturally useless and should be dismantled.

The First Emperor was unwilling to demolish it, so the Han Dynasty got up and helped the First Emperor to demolish it. Now the Han Dynasty must relax the law and let the people of the world breathe a sigh of relief. This is also the choice of the Han Dynasty in history. Sixty years of inaction has allowed the Central Plains to recover quickly. vitality.

It's not that inaction is so powerful, but that everyone is afraid, and the world has been suppressed for too long. After relaxing, the people can take care of themselves even if they don't care about the world. The people who farm will plant their own crops, and the people who work will do their own work. This is There is no need for the court to intervene. This led to the rapid prosperity of the early Han Dynasty.

Of course, every policy these days has its pros and cons, and the court doesn't care about anything. Although the world is full of vitality, it is also extremely dangerous. It is easy for the big fish to eat the small fish, and the powerful are everywhere.

At that time, the laws will be tightened again to suppress the world's powerful people. Xu Fan's experience told him that times have changed, and laws must also change. There is no such thing as a good thing that can be unified forever. In five or ten years, the world will be unified. After such a big change, trying to find a sword will only make the world laugh at you.

Chen Lin's eyes lit up and he said: "No!"

Then Xu Fan looked at Zhou Zhang and said: "Centralization of power is the general trend of the world. I, the Han Dynasty, still have the responsibility of the prime minister. The prime minister assists the emperor and is in charge of the world's government affairs. He is the first civil servant in the Han Dynasty. The prime minister must handle the world's government affairs well."

Zhou Zhang bowed his hands and said, "No!"

"But the Sage Association and the Yushitai both have the right to supervise the prime minister and the court. The Sage Association will become a permanent organization. They can supervise the government's administration. Prime Minister, you will report to the Sage Association every year in the future to summarize the court's performance for the year. "

Kong Kun agreed: "Your Majesty, as a wise man, you will inherit the virtuous government of the three generations and comply with the public opinion of the world. In this way, I, the great Han, will surely move towards the unification of the world in the three generations."

This is really nothing new. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the descendants and relatives of the princes were called countrymen. They had the right to participate in and discuss politics, and also had the right to lead troops in war. This was because the kings of later generations robbed all the rights of these people in order to concentrate their power. . But the Dachaohui is a variant of this kind of power. It is just that the power in the hands of the people is transferred to the hands of officials.

Therefore, it is beneficial to have a long history. Just look through the history books and you will find that our country has various political systems in its history. This is the valuable experience of our ancestors' trial and error. Of course, future generations will only choose what is beneficial to them, and this has nothing to do with their ancestors.

Zhou Zhang said calmly: "I will do my best to live up to His Majesty's kindness."

Chen Ping and Zhang Liang frowned. Although there were measures to restrict the prime minister, his majesty had infinitely strengthened the power of the prime minister and even damaged part of the imperial power. Now that his majesty is alive, he can still maintain the balance between the two sides, but the second emperor can only It’s very difficult to be afraid.

Zhang Liang thought for a while and said, "The Prime Minister handles such heavy government affairs alone. Should Your Majesty find someone to help the Prime Minister share some of the burden?"

Xu Fan listened to Zhang Liang's words and understood Zhang Liang's worries. Indeed, the emperor is unreliable, and the prime minister who wields great power is also not very reliable (named Prime Minister Cao). Instead of just one prime minister, it is better to have a system of group prime ministers, with one person in charge of all affairs.

After thinking for a while, he said: "Two false prime ministers can be established to assist the prime minister in handling government affairs. In order to prevent the prime minister from having too much power, the prime minister system has a term of five years, with a maximum of two terms."

The senior official of the Han Dynasty said happily: "No!"

Group relations are a good thing for them, and there are more people who can be prime ministers.

"The army sets up a Taiwei's Mansion, but instead of a Taiwei, it sets up generals who join the army and generals who supervise the army. The generals who join the army are responsible for training soldiers, and the generals who supervise the army are responsible for evaluating officers. Then there is a general's mansion, which is staffed by high-ranking generals. Join, they usually do not take charge of the army, but have the task of leading troops and assigning generals to fight.

"Another martial arts academy will be established. In the future, grassroots officers such as village commanders and senior officers such as captains will be trained in the martial arts academy. They will be recruited according to their talents. The wooden soldier system will also need to be reformed. As long as the country is not facing a life-and-death moment, the Han people will arrive. If you join the army at the age of 18, your military service for three years will be over, and you will not be allowed to recruit civilians in the future.”

Zhou Zhang said: "But if all young people are allowed to join the army, what should we do if the court does not need so many soldiers?"

Raising a soldier in the Han Dynasty is a huge expense for the court. Not to mention dozens of sets of clothing and food standards that are close to those of small landowners, this is a huge expense.

Xu Fan said: "According to the needs of the imperial court, allocate the number of troops among the counties in the world, and recruit troops according to actual needs." "No!"

If the court wants to centralize power, the army must find ways to decentralize it.

Xu Fan had many ideas, but generally he still retained the system of the former Qin Dynasty.

On December 19, the second year of the Han Dynasty, on the outskirts of Xianyang City.

After Xu Fan's enthronement ceremony ended, the princes of the world began to return to their respective homes.

Xiang Bo asked with a hint of envy: "Nephew, have you thought about where to build your feudal kingdom?"

He didn't even have a title, but his nephew already had a feudal kingdom, not to mention he was still a duke, and his other nephew was already the king of Qi. The Xiang family was growing stronger than ever before, but he didn't have his share. He was happy that Xiang didn't have a title. As the clan grows, there is still a hint of jealousy.

Chen Xiao shook his head and said: "I haven't thought about it yet. Although the south is close to my hometown, there is a lot of miasma. It is said that when Gong Ao and others went to Qianzhong County, 30 people died in one year. It is difficult to establish a country. In the north, the barbarians are there again." It’s a big threat. My nephew plans to ask the King of Han and my father for their opinions.”

Xiang Bo said: "Come to the north or come to the north. Your cousin can help you. The two of you can complement each other and strengthen the Xiang family."

Chen Xiao said: "My nephew will go to the north if there is a chance."

Xiang Bo mounted his horse and said with a smile, "Uncle is waiting for you in Qi State."

"Drive!" Xiang Bo left Guanzhong with 5000 soldiers and a large amount of treasures.

at the same time. Zang Cha also led his army and the property that Xu Fan had given him to return to the State of Yan. He took the straight road to the county, which was faster to return to the State of Yan.

But Zang Cha, who was riding a war horse at this time, felt unbalanced.

The emperor of the Han Dynasty enfeoffed the princes on a large scale, which made Zang Cha's heart twisted with envy, jealousy and hatred.

It didn't matter that world-famous generals like Ying Bu and Ji Bu were enfeoffed as princes. Even unknown people like Cao Xing and Han Xin became earls. He would salute when he saw them. There were hundreds of viscounts and barons.

Although he made great contributions to the Yan State, he was still a general without any title, let alone a vassal state like Yingbu.

He didn't think he would be any worse than the generals of the Han army, so why was there such a big difference in treatment?

But he also knew very well that Shanggu did not have the conditions to enfeoff him. Even if Han Guang granted him a title, he would be laughed at. Enfeoffing princes is a right that only the common master of the world has. Han Guang, who only has half a county, does not have this condition. and prestige.

Looking at the full treasure box behind him, Zang Cha was extremely unconvinced when he thought that all these gold and silver treasures would be handed over to Han Guang. They were obviously earned by him through hard work, so why should he hand them over to someone who hadn't even arrived in Guanzhong? Han Guang.

Han Guang can be the King of Grain, but can’t I, Zang Cha?

Looking at Cai Bao's red eyes, Zang Cha thought for the first time that he could take his place.

And the more he thought about it, the more excited he became, and the more he thought about it, the more he felt that this matter was very feasible.

Han Guang is not a clan aristocrat of the Yan Kingdom, he is just a small official in the valley. He can become the king of the valley, so why can't he become one.

So from the moment he left Xianyang City, Zang Cha cared very much about the soldiers who entered the team, greeted them and even used the treasures Xu Fan gave to Han Guang to distribute to the soldiers. His idea is very simple. If everyone divides the money together, he will become one of his own. If he wants to avoid being retaliated by Han Guang, he must take action against Han Guang first.

Wei Jiu also led his 30,000 troops back to his country.

Zhou Shi smiled and said: "We have captured Daliang. Shouldn't the king move the capital to Daliang? After all, Daliang is closer to the Central Plains and more prosperous."

Wei Jiu shook his head and said: "Daliang is already very remote for our Wei State. After moving the capital to Daliang, it will be difficult to manage the territory in the eastern part of Wei State."

Wei Jiu thought for a while and said, "The generals below all want us to learn from the Han Dynasty and divide their territories. What do you think?"

In order to expand the army and prepare for war, Wei Jiu also created the enfeoffment system like Xu Fan. Of course, his system was in name only. The powerful people in Wei State had armies and land, but they did not have titles. They were in name but not in reality. of enfeoffment.

And this time after Xu Fan enfeoffed the feudal lords on a large scale, the powerful powers in the Wei Kingdom were also ready to move.

For them, there is no better system in the world than the feudal system. The Emperor of the Han Dynasty is worthy of being the benevolent king in the world. He divided the feudal princes so generously that even a low-level officer under him could get a title.

In the days after Xu Fan's enfeoffment, the lords could be seen everywhere in Chang'an City, which made Wei Jiu's men envious. Although their rights were higher than these lords, they did not have the title.

So after Xu Fan enfeoffed them, Wei Jiu's subordinates began to exert pressure on Wei Jiu, hoping that Wei Jiu would also enfeoff them so that they could truly return home in glory.

But Wei Jiu didn't want to think about it. The four countries of Qin, Wei, Zhao, and Han in the Central Plains all implemented centralized county systems in the fierce struggle for hegemony in the Central Plains. To a certain extent, the systems of the four countries were no different.

So Wei Jiu actually wanted a centralized system of counties and counties. In the past, with the powerful enemy Da Qin, he had to delegate power and let the local powerful have the army. Now Wei Jiu wants to demobilize the powerful troops in his territory and restore the original system. How could it be possible to imitate the emperor of the Han Dynasty and enfeoff the princes?

Wei Jiu understood that Wei State was not qualified to learn from the Han Dynasty. The feudal princes of the Han Dynasty were all outside the world. The princes in Guanzhong are just virtual enfeoffments. Beyond the Wei State is the Han State. Should these princes be enfeoffed to the territory of the Han Dynasty?
Zhou Shi smiled and said: "If your Majesty is willing to grant a certain title to a certain prince, I am also willing to accept it. However, my country in Wei does not have the conditions of Korea, so you can just give me a false title."

All of my old friends have become father-in-law and marquis. If you say Zhou Shi isn’t envious of them, that’s a lie. But he also knew that the Wei State did not have the conditions of the Han State and could not create a vassal state, so he gave Wei Jiu a false title to make him look good among his old friends.

Wei Jiu was relieved when he heard Zhou Shi's words. He was elected to the position by Zhou Shi and other rebel generals. A large part of the generals of the Wei army were Zhou Shi's old subordinates. Although during this period he had many Wei clan members join the army and gain military power, he absolutely did not want to fall out with Zhou Shi.

After confirming Zhou Shi's intention, Wei Wang Jiu breathed a sigh of relief and said: "It's just that many of our generals want to learn from the king of Han's enfeoffment system. They want me to give them their hometown counties."

Zhou Shi said in astonishment: "In total, more than 20 counties in our Wei State have been entrusted to them. Wei State will be disbanded."

Then he said angrily: "These people are greedy. How many achievements have they made along the way? How dare they open such a big mouth?"

Zhou Shi was from Wei, and he did not want his hometown to be divided, and the opinion of the generals of Wei was to divide Wei. In his opinion, the Wei army followed the Han army all the way, and the main force to destroy Qin was the Han army. The entire Wei army did not have much credit, and the people they followed naturally did not have much credit. How could these Wei generals have the nerve to say that they wanted to imitate the Han state in enfeoffing princes? Do they have the merits of the Han generals? Simply shameless.

Zhou Shi thought for a while and said: "Your Majesty, tell them that false titles are okay, but fiefdoms are absolutely unacceptable. If they are still greedy, Your Majesty, tell them to so-and-so, and so-and-so will lead the army to teach them a lesson."

Wei Jiu smiled and said, "With these words from the general, I will feel at ease."

As long as Zhou Shi supports Wei Jiu, the two of them together will be the most powerful force in the Wei State, and it will be difficult for other small tycoons in the Wei State to overturn the situation.

(End of this chapter)