The six-dimensional pictures of emperors of all dynasties were exposed, and the ancestors panicked

Chapter 458: The Yuan Dynasty was crooked from the beginning

{I remember there was no clear regulation on this, right?}
{The earliest person to propose that people in the Yuan Dynasty should be divided into three levels was Wei Yuan in the third year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign in the Qing Dynasty, who proposed in his book "New Edition of Yuan History" that people in the Yuan Dynasty should be divided into three levels.}
{Later, in 1916, Japanese scholar Yauchi Wataru wrote "The Three Classes in Yuan Dynasty Society", proposing the "Mongol, Semitic, and Han three classes"}
{It was not until 1934 that the historian Tu Ji formally proposed the "four-class system" of "Mongol, Semitic, Han, and Southerner" in "Mongol History", but he did not give the source.}
{How can there be a clear division? Kublai Khan is not stupid, but there are specific biases in the specific rules.}
{Whether in terms of laws, taxes, elections, appointments, etc., the Han people in the south were treated unequally.}
{“When the Mongols quarrel with the Han people and beat the Han people, the Han people shall not retaliate, but may file a complaint with the relevant authorities.”}
{“If anyone violates this rule, he will be severely punished” and even killed as a punishment.}
{If the victim is beaten to death, fifty taels of silver are paid as compensation for burning and burying the victim, and that's it. This is the general rule.}
{“Any Mongolian who fights or beats a Han person to death while drunk will be punished to go to war, and all the silver for burning and burying the Han people will be collected.” This pre-sets a special privilege of being spared from death and paying for one’s life for beating and killing Han people at will.}
{There are also trials of criminals and legal prosecutions everywhere.}
{From the time Emperor Yingzong of Yuan issued the "Great Yuan Code" until the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was no complete and fair code of law.}
……

Great Qin.

Ying Zheng sat quietly.

His face was extremely calm.

He didn't know why his descendants were so surprised by this.

But the winners take place, the near and far ones are the distant ones, these are all clear realities.

Just like respecting the king and expelling the barbarians.

The barbarians are naturally inferior to the Chinese.

Just like within a city, the "common people" living in the city, suburbs, suburbs and fields are also divided into high and low levels.

It was not illegal to beat a slave to death.

It's just like how he treated the survivors of the six kingdoms.

Are these things right?
If it were in the past, he would naturally think it was right.

Because it has always been that way.

but now.

Whether he thinks this is right or not is probably a different story.

But he couldn't figure it out.

Not even close.

……

Big man.

"Hi!"

Liu Bang threw the fruit core away and muttered incoherently.

"Isn't this the way the Spring and Autumn nobility behaved?"

Lü Zhi said in a weird tone:
"Oh, you also know how the nobles make laws?"

Liu Bang gave her a speechless look and swallowed what was in his mouth.

"Know your enemy and yourself, and you will never be in danger of a hundred battles!"

"Apart from the differences in ethnic groups, the essence of this method is to focus on following the footsteps."

"That is, aristocratic feudalism."

“And that illustrates a point.”

Liu Bang licked his teeth and said calmly:
“Kublai Khan’s centralization of power failed.”

“The Yuan Dynasty began to go backwards.”

"The consequences will not be good."

"Even the people of the world will suffer again."

……

The period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty
Liu Che held little Liu Ju in his arms and pointed at the sky while explaining things to him.

"There is a big difference between establishing states and centralizing imperial power."

"The difference is that the emperor's power is not absolute and is subject to the control of the nobles to a certain extent."

"Therefore, the appointment of officials can only be based on personal ties, and it is difficult to rely entirely on the imperial power."

Five-year-old Xiao Liu looked at the sky in confusion, holding a Yan Ji board tightly in his hand.

But Liu Che didn't care whether he could understand or not.

It will be enough as long as the inner palace, the central court and the outer court know that he likes the prince.

Just like my father did back then.

……

[In fact, from the very beginning of the founding of the country, it can be clearly seen that Kublai Khan hoped to change the backward aristocratic feudal system of the Mongol Empire and realize the centralization of imperial power as much as possible. ]

[When Kublai Khan first proclaimed himself Khan, he asked for advice from his adviser Liu Bingzhong]

【Liu Bingzhong explicitly suggested "adopting the old rules of our ancestors and combining them with those that are suitable for today's ancient system, and listing them out for your reference. Then he issued an edict to establish the Yuan calendar and the year calendar, and to establish the Secretariat and the Ministry of Propaganda and Conciliation."】

[It is necessary to combine "Han law" with Mongolian tradition and inherit the customs of the previous dynasties in the Central Plains]

【However, due to the strong power of tradition and the differences between Han and Hu, the matter gradually came to nothing.】

……

Northern Wei Dynasty, period of Emperor Xiaowen

Tuoba Hong looked at the three words "Liu Bingzhong" and a smile appeared on his face.

"Sure enough, if you want to completely rule the Central Plains with foreign races."

"We still have to inherit the royal bloodline of the Central Plains."

“This is the right way.”

……

Qing Dynasty and Qianlong period
"Emperor Shizu of Yuan Dynasty still suffered from his lack of culture."

Qianlong drank the imperial tea happily.

Looking at the cool tea, he complained.

"The Secretariat, the Privy Council, and the Censorate."

"Right and Left Prime Ministers, and Minister of State Affairs."

“There is not a single Han Chinese official position.”

"When the prime minister reports to the inner court about military affairs, even Han Chinese who hold the positions of right or left prime minister or vice chancellor must recuse themselves."

"How can you get them to work hard if you won't even open the door?"

He Shen smiled and poured tea for Qianlong. "Oh, Your Highness."

"You are a man of great learning, and your knowledge is so vast that it is impossible to exhaust it!"

"How can Yuan Shizu compare with you?"

Qianlong put the teacup to his lips, glanced at it and said lightly:
"He Shen, you've talked too much."

……

[At the same time, Han officials in the Yuan Dynasty were also extremely opposed to the imperial examination.]

[“The study of memorizing chapters and sentences, exegesis, and annotations is the study of memorizing chapters and sentences, and interpreting one word of the Bible with hundreds or even thousands of words. The more you learn, the less you understand the key points. You work hard all your life but gain nothing. What is the point?”]

[Kublai Khan also believed that "the imperial examination is absurd and I do not accept it"]

[Out of pragmatic considerations, Kublai Khan's selection of officials mainly relied on recommendation and patronage.]

[The so-called recommendation is to elect "officials" as "officials"]

[Yinxu means that if the father is an official, the son can also be one, but he has to be demoted by five levels.]

[“The descendants of officials of various posts shall be promoted to the rank of first rank, and the descendants of officials of the fifth rank shall be promoted to the rank of fifth rank…”]

[Although the position of clerks is low, they are very important. The ones who really do things are often clerks. In terms of understanding of national conditions and people's sufferings, ten officials may not be as good as one clerk.]

[But this recommendation system is called a "system" but has no "mechanism". ]

[For a clerk to become an official, there is no fixed selection model for whether he can be recommended, and there is no unified standard for whether he has outstanding ability. ]

【This is a situation that has arisen.】

[“If your leader says you can do it, then you can do it, even if you can’t. If your leader says you can’t do it, then you can’t do it, even if you can.”]

[It is very common to obtain recommendations through personal connections, bribery, and other means. ]

[Thus, the entire Yuan Dynasty had a shabby foundation from the very beginning]

……

Dayuan.

The more Kublai Khan listened, the more he felt something was wrong.

Are you scolding me or are you scolding me?
How come I'm useless here!

After I became emperor, I issued an edict strictly prohibiting the army from letting horses run free and destroying farmland, and at the same time required local officials to strengthen agricultural and sericulture construction.

On the basis of the previously issued paper money, the "Zhongtong Yuanbao Jiaochao" was officially issued throughout the country to allow the people to recuperate and the economy to recover.

You didn’t mention a word about any of this!
"Zhonghui, aren't the scholars of the Song Dynasty too tired of competing for official positions and not actually governing the country?"

"So what if they are all well-educated?"

"Even Mr. Fan Wenzheng is incapable of coordinating the overall situation and governing the country!"

"What's the need for this imperial examination?"

Kublai Khan was somewhat resentful.

The Song Dynasty had a good imperial examination system.

is that useful?
Have you fought against the Liao Dynasty or the Western Xia?
Did they defeat the Jin Dynasty or the Yuan Dynasty?
You don’t even know how to govern a country!
The laws are changing every year, but things are getting worse and worse.

Liu Bingzhong, who was standing by, was already stunned.

Not to mention the self-destructive fourth-class concept.

"Your Majesty, since the Spring and Autumn Period, nobles have ruled the world together with the emperor."

Liu Bingzhong calmed down and began to dissuade Kublai Khan.

"During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, the system of recommendation and selection was implemented throughout the country."

"The imperial examination system only allows the emperor to appoint people, while the power to recommend talents lies with the nobles."

"The Tang Dynasty began to promote the imperial examination system, which completely returned the power of selecting officials to the emperor."

"But the aristocracy had not yet completely declined, and the imperial examinations of the Tang Dynasty did not fully realize Emperor Taizong's vision of "bringing all the heroes in the world into my grasp."

“The aristocracy still has a large degree of control over the bureaucracy.”

"After the Huang Chao Rebellion and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, it was not until the Song Dynasty that the aristocracy completely declined. The emperors of the Song Dynasty truly used the imperial examination system to select and appoint officials."

"The advantage of the imperial examination system is that it can keep the imperial power in the hands of the emperor."

Liu Bingzhong pointed out the essence of the imperial examination system.

Kublai Khan also calmed down his indignation.

"But Zhonghui, there are too many Han people, and there are differences in closeness and distance."

Liu Bingzhong pursed his lips, glanced at the sky, and finally made up his mind:
"Your Majesty, the logic of imperial power often does not consider relatives."

"It depends on whether it is beneficial to the consolidation and expansion of the emperor's own power."

"Have you, Your Majesty, forgotten how you actually got the Khanship?"

Kublai Khan was stunned for a moment, and then his expression kept changing.

Liu Bingzhong felt that it should be given more weight.

"Your Majesty, do you think that this kind of national system can make Wen Tianxiang willing to assist Your Majesty?"

Kublai Khan suffered a fatal blow!
"Your Majesty, are you not thinking about Emperor Gaozu?"

Crit!

"Your Majesty, the Yuan Dynasty inherited the Han Dynasty. Can you cut off the Han people?"

Lore!

"If I had Zhong Hui, it would be like having Xiao He!"

……

[The conflict was contained in domestic affairs, and the military also began to suffer setbacks.]

[In 1281 AD, the Yuan Dynasty, which had already destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, prepared to send troops for the second time to take revenge on Japan.]

(End of this chapter)