History live broadcast: My audience is the ancestors

Chapter 127 Sima Qian ()
My charming and short-lived ancestor: Yes, after all, there are so many Wangchuan fans. If we talk about sharing, then there is more. We can see it ourselves.

Jiangnan is in the mist: Yes, yes, after all, we can watch it ourselves.

Netizen 1234567890: Yes, we can just see it ourselves. You hurry up and talk about Sima Qian!
I send my thoughts to the bright moon: Yes, yes, we can see for ourselves, please continue talking!
Su Yue saw their comments and said, "Okay, let's see Sima Qian!"

Discuss changing the calendar
In the first year of Emperor Taichu of the Han Dynasty (104 BC), it has been 102 years since the establishment of the Han Dynasty.

At the beginning of the establishment of the Han Dynasty, everything was done on the fly, and most of them followed the production of the Qin Dynasty. The calendar is based on the more recent Zhuanxu Calendar.

Despite this, the calculation of Shuo and Hui in "Zhuanxu Calendar" is also different from the actual situation.

So Sima Qian, who was the Taishi Ling at the time, Gongsun Qing, Hu Sui and others advised Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "The "Zhuanxu Calendar" is no longer suitable for the current situation, so the calendar should be redesigned."

The imperial censor Erkuan happened to know Confucian classics, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Erkuan to discuss with the doctors on revising the calendar and other matters.

In the same year, Emperor Wu ordered Gongsun Qing, Hu Sui, Sima Qian, Shilang Zun, Dadian Xingshe and others to discuss the customization of the "Han Calendar".

Suffering from corruption
In the second year of the Han Dynasty (99 BC), Emperor Wu wanted Li Ling to escort the general Li Guangli of the Second Division when he came out of Jiuquan to attack King Youxian of the Xiongnu.

Li Ling declined, and asked five thousand infantrymen to join the Shanyu Court to attack the masses with a small number. Emperor Wu appreciated Li Ling's courage and agreed to him.

However, when Li Ling arrived at Junji Mountain, he encountered the troops of the Xiongnu Chanyu. Lu Bode failed to send reinforcements, but the Xiongnu troops gathered more and more. After all the food and targets were exhausted, Li Ling finally surrendered to the enemy.

Emperor Wu was angry, and all the officials denounced Li Ling's crimes. Only Sima Qian said: "Li Ling served his relatives with filial piety, had trust with the scholars, and always had the heart to serve the country.

He only led 5,000 infantry, but he attracted all the power of the Xiongnu and killed more than 10,000 enemies. Although he was defeated and surrendered, his contribution could be offset. I think Li Ling did not really surrender to the enemy. He survived and wanted to find an opportunity to repay the Han Dynasty. of. "

However, Gongsun Ao, who went to meet Li Ling shortly after, returned without success and falsely reported that Li Ling was training troops for the Xiongnu in order to counterattack the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu killed Li Ling's family, and Sima Qian was also falsely accused of "wanting to suppress the second division and lobbied for the mausoleum." Regardless of the crime.

The crime of false accusation is a crime of great disrespect and should be punished according to the law.

Faced with the punishment of Dapi, he died out of admiration for his righteousness. Although his reputation could be preserved, the book was not completed and his reputation was not established. This death was like the death of a drop in a cow, no different from the death of an ant.

Think of King Wen deducing the "Book of Changes" while in prison, Zhongni writing "Spring and Autumn" when he was in trouble, Qu Yuan only writing "Li Sao" after being exiled, Zuo Qiu being blind but writing "Guoyu", Sun Bin practicing the art of war after being tortured by Binji, Lu Buwei It was only after he was demoted to Shu that the "Lu Shi Chun Qiu" was handed down. Han Fei was imprisoned in the Qin State and wrote "Speaking of Difficulties" and "Lonely Anger". Three hundred "Poems" were probably written by wise men and saints to vent their anger.

Finally, in that era when "Zang's maids and concubines can still lead to execution", Sima Qian resolutely chose to redeem himself by corruption.

At this point, Sima Qian was burdened with the ideal that his father could not complete throughout his life, and he was not shy in the face of capital punishment.

Amid perseverance and humiliation, he completed the mission that belonged to Tai Shigong.

My charming but short-lived ancestor: How should I put it, the profession of Taishi Gong is hereditary. I remember that there was a text before that was dedicated to historians. That family died because they disagreed with the writing of history, and when it was his friend's turn, he insisted on himself, which is really rare!
I send my thoughts to the bright moon: Yes, this is really rare!
Wan Ning can't sleep. (Guan): Yes, and Sima Qian also took it from his father. It's really, really touching.

Jiangnan is already in mist: Yes, but Sima Qian is also a frequent guest in junior high and high school compositions, especially the fact that he is physically disabled but strong in spirit!
Wuduyi: By the way, do you think Sima Qian is considered an eunuch? You say he is a eunuch, he does not have this position; you say no, he does not have the goods.

My charming and short-lived ancestor: Ah, I can’t say that! After all, Sima Qian is also the author of "Historical Records". He is a rare treasure. You can't say that.

Netizen 1234567890: Yes, no matter what, Tai Shigong is also a rare talent! We should respect it! I send my thoughts to the bright moon: I agree! It's okay to joke, but don't go too far!
Huadiao Chicken in a Crock Pot: Yes, yes, forget it if he is a heinous person like Zhao Gao, but Sima Qian is indeed good, although he is indeed the evil Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

My charming and short-lived ancestor: Well, the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is a history of fraud. Although it is true that Emperor Wu was deceived by warlocks many times, he really did not spend his whole life only being deceived!
Don’t let the world grow old: seconded! Emperor Wu still did a lot of things!

Su Yue saw them and said: "Okay, okay, we all know that Tai Shigong is great. Now let's see what others say about Tai Shigong!"

Yang Xiong wrote in the book "Fayan": "Taishi Qian is called Shilu". "Children love a lot and love strange things.

Ban Biao: Qian Zhi's record is that from the Han and Yuan Dynasties to Wu Yi Jue, this is his merit. As for collecting and transcribing scriptures and spreading them among hundreds of schools of thought, there are many omissions and sketches, which are not as good as the original ones. I want to make a contribution by hearing more and spreading them widely, and my discussions are shallow but not thorough.

When discussing academics, he worshiped Huang Lao but neglected the Five Classics; when prefaced by Huo Shi, he despised benevolence and righteousness and was ashamed of poverty; when he was a Taoist knight, he despised moral integrity and valued vulgar merit. This was a great disservice to Taoism, so he was to blame for the death penalty.

However, he is good at explaining prefaces and facts, arguing without being flashy, being serious without being wild, and having a commensurate literary quality. He is a talented historian. I sincerely follow the teachings of the Five Classics, and the right and wrong of the sages are the same as those of the sages.

Ban Gu: Sima Qian based on "Zuo Shi" and "Guoyu", adopted "Shiben" and "Warring States Policy", described "Chu and Han Spring and Autumn", followed the subsequent events, and ended in Tianhan. It talks about Qin and Han in detail. As for the collection of scriptures and biographies, which were scattered among several families, there are many omissions, or there may be some contradictions.

Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty issued an edict in the seventeenth year of Yongping (AD 74): "Sima Qian wrote books and established a family, which made him famous in later generations. Even when he was imprisoned, he satirized in micro-texts and derogated the contemporary era. He was not a good man."

Emperor Wei Ming once said to Wang Su: "Sima Qian had deep feelings because he was tortured. He wrote "Historical Records", which is not to demean filial piety and military power, but to make people hate him."

The Jin Dynasty work "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes" said: "Sima Qian worked hard to write 130 chapters of "Historical Records", and Xianda was a good historian.

Boyi ranks first among the biographies, and he thinks he is doing good but has no reward; he writes "The Benji of Xiang Yu" as a high-ranking person, but it is not about virtue; he also narrates Qu Yuan and Jia Yi. Great talent. "

Han Yu highly praised Sima Qian's literary talent. He said: "There are no people in the Han Dynasty who are not good at writing, but Sima Xiangru, Tai Shigong, Liu Xiang and Yang Xiong are the best.

Liu Zongyuan believed that the articles in "Historical Records" were written in a simple, concise, concise and neat manner, without any branching problems; they were completely natural and watertight, and it was impossible to add a word; they were painstakingly chosen to form sentences, and it was impossible to subtract a word.

Zheng Qiao, a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, believed that hundreds of schools of thought wrote books with empty words and actual records of past dynasties, without any records.

Sima Qian's father and son worked hard on the production of classics from the Yellow Emperor to the Qin and Han Dynasties. They were compiled into a book and divided into five parts: this era chronicles the chronology of the family, which is represented by the official calendar, and the book is divided into similar events, which are passed down to the people. For hundreds of generations, historians cannot change their methods, and scholars cannot change their books. After the Six Classics, there is only this book. It can be seen that Zheng Qiao has a high evaluation of "Historical Records".

Zhu Xi: ① Sima Qian was highly talented and knowledgeable, but he was careless.

② Taishi Gong's book is sparse and clear, while Ban Gu's book is densely packed.

③Sima Zizhangdong used Confucius as evidence, but he did not know whether he saw it or not, so he said so. Therefore, every time Bo Gong invented something very detailed, he was afraid that his son would not dare to inherit it.

Qian Qianyi said in "Wuzhai Youxue Ji": "Sima founded the "Historical Records" with his talent for the world, his unparalleled knowledge, and his high regard for thousands of years."

He believes that the five-body structure created by Sima Qian has become a model for historians in the past generations, and his contribution to setting an example is "as bright as the sun and stars"!
Zhang Xuecheng said in the famous historical theory work "Wen Shi Tong Yi": "Fu Shi Qian's unique knowledge is only one person after "Spring and Autumn"."

He believed that the book "Historical Records" had "an eternity-wide scope and encompassed hundreds of schools of thought". Sima Qian had extraordinary insights, and "Historical Records" had the merit of making discoveries and creating precedents. Due to Sima Qian's extraordinary knowledge and writing power, "Historical Records" is a family statement that "the latitude and longitude are between heaven and man", and Zhang Xuecheng is like no one who came after him.

(End of this chapter)