History live broadcast: My audience is the ancestors

Chapter 240 The Rebellion of the Three Feudatories
My charming and short-lived ancestor: The Battle of Jingnan must be Zhu Di’s eternal heart!

Jiangnan has been in mist: Agreed! None of the novels I read can escape Zhu Di's inner demon of the Battle of Jingnan! I also read a book in which Zhu Di is crazier than Li Chengqian!

I can’t sleep at night (Guan): Isn’t it?
Jiangnan is already experiencing mist and rain: No! Very good! Especially that Zhu Di was doted on by Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di, so he became more and more crazy!

I didn’t think about using this online name first: In fact, it can be seen from Zhu Di’s fighting style that he is quite crazy in reality, but it’s not that obvious.
Higurashi doesn't want to go home: Oh, I agree. It would be nice if Zhu Yuanzhang knew what happened next and changed it.
Who in the clouds sent a brocade book: But some people have a conspiracy theory that this was done intentionally by Zhu Yuanzhang, just to make Zhu Di feel guilty, so that he would definitely work harder!

Pay attention, this woman’s name is Xiaomei: I’ll go! seriously?

Yu Yusning: Who knows?

Su Yue looked at the comment area and said, "Okay, no more conspiracy theories. Now let's look at the next one - the San Francisco Rebellion!"

Emperor Kangxi decided to withdraw the three vassals.

In the sixth year of Kangxi's reign (1667), Wu Sangui asked to be relieved of his duties as the general manager of affairs in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces because of his eye disease, as a test.

Emperor Kangxi ordered Wu Sangui to hand over all the affairs in his charge and ordered the governors of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces to manage it.

Governor Bian Sanyuan of Yunnan and Guizhou, Admiral Zhang Guozhu, and Li Benshen jointly requested King Pingxi to remain in charge of Yunnan and Guizhou affairs.

Emperor Kangxi refused on the grounds of taking care of Wu Sangui's health.

In March 1673 (the twelfth year of Kangxi), King Pingnan Shang Keshu invited him to return to Liaodong, leaving his son Shang Zhixin to continue to guard Guangdong.

The Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Ministry of War, as well as Minister Bile, the King of Councilors, held a meeting. They believed that if Shang Zhixin supported his troops and stayed in Guangdong, he would be too domineering and difficult to control. Emperor Kangxi then issued an edict to withdraw all vassals.

Wu Sangui and Geng Jingzhong knew that they could not rest assured, so in July of the same year they asked to withdraw their troops to test the imperial court's intention.

After confirmation by the Ministry of Husbandry and the Ministry of Bing, Wu Sangui and his 53 subordinate officers and soldiers should all be relocated.

At the meeting of the king and ministers who discussed the affairs, most of the great scholars Suo'etu and Tuhai thought that the three vassals could not be moved.

Only the Minister of Punishment, Moruo, the Minister of Hubu, Mi Sihan, and the Minister of War, Mingzhu, made the effort to move to the feudal vassal.

Emperor Kangxi once again ordered Minister Bile, the king of political affairs, and Jiuqing Kedao to discuss the matter together and draw a memorial.

The following kings saw different opinions and still held two opinions. Emperor Kangxi considered that the vassal town had been holding heavy troops for a long time and had become a powerful force, which was not in the interests of the country. He also thought that Wu Sangui's son, Geng Jingzhong, and his brothers were all stationed in the capital, so Wu and Geng could not initiate rebellion.

Then he ordered the three vassals to withdraw outside Shanhaiguan.

Wu Sangui and Geng Jingzhongshu requested to move to the feudal vassal, which was actually due to the situation and was not their original intention.

Wu Xi hoped that the imperial court would comfort him, just like the precedent of Mu Yingshi in the Ming Dynasty who stayed in Yunnan.

After being ordered to withdraw from the vassal, they were shocked and disappointed, so they conspired with their confidants, secretly deployed troops and horses, prohibited postal transmissions, and only allowed entry but not exit. They also colluded with old troops from other provinces, contacted Geng Jingzhong, and prepared for rebellion.

In August of the twelfth year of Kangxi's reign, the Qing court ordered Minister of Rites Zherken and others to go to Yunnan, Minister of Household Affairs Liang Qingbiao and others to go to Guangdong, and Minister of Personnel Chen Yibing and others to go to Fujian. Each held an edict and discussed the transfer of the vassal with the vassal and the governor.

In September, the Qing court ordered the governor of Shaanxi, Eshan, to oversee the military affairs of Yunnan, and the chief military officer of Ningxia, Admiral Sang'e, to oversee the military affairs of Yunnan.

At this time, Wu Sangui and his party were intensifying their conspiracy day and night. The minister Zerken, the bachelor Fu Dali and others arrived in Yunnan and urged them to set off.

Wu Sangui ostensibly paid homage to the imperial edict, but he repeatedly moved to other places. His rebellion became increasingly urgent, and it was difficult for him to raise troops.

He wanted to establish a descendant of the Ming Dynasty to call on the world, but the battle of Burma and the killing of Emperor Yongli had no solution; he wanted to go to the Central Plains to occupy the heart of the country and raise troops, but he was afraid that he would be betrayed in the long run.

In November of that year, Wu Sangui rose up, killed Zhu Guozhi, the governor of Yunnan, arrested the disobedient officials below the imperial envoy, and issued a proclamation, claiming that "he used to be the chief military officer guarding Shanhaiguan, but now he has been ordered by the president to be the marshal of the world's water and land, and Xingming punished the prisoners." General". Pretending to support the "three princes of the former emperor", he promoted the Ming Dynasty and promoted the Qing Dynasty. He grew his hair, changed his clothes and hats, and preached to people far and near. He wrote to Pingnan and Jingnan vassals and old generals from various places. He also moved back to Taiwan Zheng Jing to respond to the invitation.

Zhang Guozhu, the governor of Yunnan, Cao Shenji, the governor of Guizhou, and Li Benzhen, the governor of Guizhou, followed Wu Sangui in the rebellion. Gan Wenkun, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, heard about the rebellion in Guizhou and wrote a letter to Cai Yurong, the governor of Sichuan and Lake. He hurried to Zhenyuan and was surrounded by troops from deputy general Jiang Yi. Gan Wenkun committed suicide, and the San Francisco Rebellion began.

Since November 1673, 1681 (the twelfth year of Kangxi), Wu Sangui rebelled. By October , (the th year of Kangxi), Wu Shifan committed suicide, the Qing army entered Kunming, and the San Francisco Rebellion lasted for eight years. Its evolution process can be roughly divided into three stages.

Initial stage
During the Kangxi period, class contradictions had become the main contradiction in society; contradictions within the ruling class also continued to exist.

Therefore, as soon as Wu Sangui raised the anti-Qing banner, the Ming royal family, the Zheng Jing Group, some Han palaces, Han soldiers, upper-class ethnic minorities, and farmers and slaves in some areas responded quickly.

In addition, after San Francisco raised the anti-Qing banner, several chieftains, Miao people in Sichuan, Chahar Mongol Burni, Qinghai Mergen Taiji and other ethnic minorities also responded one after another.

stalemate stage
May 1676 (the fifteenth year of Kangxi) to July of the seventeenth year.

Taking Wang Fuchen's defeat and surrender to Pingliang as a turning point, the situation became conducive to the development of the Qing army.

Later, due to Zheng Jing's ministry fighting for control of Zhang, Quan, Xing, Ting and other places in Fujian, Geng Jingzhong was attacked from both sides and hurriedly withdrew his troops and asked to surrender.

Shang Zhixin also surrendered one after another.

Sun Yanling was killed in Guilin by Wu Shifan.

As a result, the Qing army concentrated its forces to attack Changsha and Yuezhou, while Wu Sangui gathered people to defend them.

The two armies fought repeatedly for key outlying areas in Hunan such as Ji and Yuanzhou in Jiangxi, Shaoguan and Yongxing in Guangdong, Wu and Xunzhou in Guangxi, and Guilin.

Every time the generals of the Qing army waited and watched, it was a waste of time and money, and the military was still in a stalemate.

pacify Yunnan
August 1679 (the seventeenth year of Kangxi) to October th.

In 1679 (the seventeenth year of Kangxi), Wu Sangui proclaimed himself emperor in Hengzhou and the country was named Dazhou, but he failed to change the plight of the rebels.

In the autumn of the same year, Wu Sangui died of illness, and the situation changed drastically. The rebels are leaderless and the public is shattered. His grandson Wu Shifan succeeded to the throne.

The Qing army took the opportunity to launch an attack. From then on, the rebels were unable to recover. Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places were gradually captured by the Qing army.

However, Ma Bao, Hu Guozhu and other rebels were still trapped and fighting, and they resisted every day. The Manchu generals still delayed for more than two years, and it took more than two years before the Qing army invaded Yunnan. At the end of the 20th year of Kangxi's reign, they besieged the provincial capital Kunming.

Wu Shifan committed suicide in desperation, and the remaining troops surrendered, and the rebellion of the Three Feudatories was finally settled.

After the end of the counter-insurgency war, the Qing government confiscated the vassal property and put it into officials to serve as military salary, and then withdrew the vassal state and returned to the capital.

Except for Wu Sangui's troops who were transferred to border stations and Taiwan to serve, the rest of the troops were reorganized into the Eight Banners. Fuzhou, Guangzhou, and Jingzhou sent Eight Banners soldiers to garrison, and Guangxi and Yunnan sent Green Camp soldiers to guard them, completely eliminating the vassal system.

In addition, the victory of this counter-insurgency war means the liberation of the people who suffered from the "San Francisco" separatist rule, and provides necessary conditions for the social and economic recovery and development of these areas, thus benefiting the economy and culture of the border areas and the interior. of communication.

After that, the Ming and Zheng regime in Taiwan was destroyed in 1683.

At this point, Nan Ming's anti-Qing strength was completely eliminated. From then on, the organized anti-Qing and Ming movements ceased to exist. After that, the Qing government began to engage in administrative and financial economic adjustment and reform, and then devoted itself to solving border issues.

The San Francisco Rebellion lasted for several years, affecting many provinces and greatly impacting the Qing government's financial environment.

In addition to the huge loss of tax revenue in the disaster-stricken areas, the government also invested huge military expenditures to quell the rebellion.

The San Francisco Rebellion caused the household surplus to fall by 85% within six years, to only 1678 million taels in 260, and it would be even less in the following years.