Chongzhen revived the Ming Dynasty

The reason why the three cases need to be retried is naturally that some people are dissatisfied with the trial results.

The Tang Fan case was caused by the dissatisfaction of Zhu Youjian, the grandson of the Tang King. He believed that his father was poisoned to death by his uncle, and that his uncle should pay with his life instead of just being demoted to a commoner and imprisoned behind high walls in Fengyang.

The Chufan case was caused by dissatisfaction among the Chufan royal family. They believed that Zhu Huakui's background was unclear and the court should have conducted a serious trial instead of using previous results as an excuse.

In addition, the case of the Xinjian Earl's succession was similar to the case of the fake King of Chu, both of which involved an uncertain background. The different trial results of the two cases triggered the anger of the Chu clan:
"There are doubts about Wang Xianda's background. You sentenced Wang Xiantong to inherit the title, saying that you can confirm that he is a descendant of Wang Shouren."

"Zhu Huakui's background is also questionable, but you didn't even bother to investigate and used previous results as an excuse."

"Same case, but two different results. What are you thinking?"

The royal family of the Chu vassal state, who were already dissatisfied with the trial results during the Wanli period, became completely furious after seeing the trial result of the Xinjian Earl succession case.

The Chu clan members who came to the capital requested the emperor to change someone to re-examine the case.

This happened a few days ago. Kong Zhenyun, who presided over the trial of the three cases, was so embarrassed that he, as an official valued by the emperor, did not move at all when the court officials were reshuffled.

Now, the emperor finally made a decision to hand over the three cases and the rebellion case to Han Yu for retrial.

If Han Yu wants to be the prime minister, he has to show his performance.

Knowing how difficult these three cases were, Han Yu planned to solve the Tang Fan case first, from easy to difficult.

The merits of this case are certain, but the final result is controversial:

Prince of Tang Zhu Shuohui wanted to save his son's life, while his grandson Zhu Youjian wanted to avenge his father.

The Dali Temple chose to respect the Tang king's opinion and sentenced his son to confinement. Zhu Youjian was dissatisfied with this and kept making trouble.

Faced with this situation, Han Yu chose to delay and prevent the Tang and Chu vassals from causing trouble together.

So he found Zhu Youjian and persuaded him:
"The grandson should understand why this case ended like this."

"Without the Tang King's strong request, your uncle's life would not have been saved."

"So the key to this matter lies with the King of Tang, not your Majesty and the ministers."

Zhu Youjian understood this truth, but he was unwilling to accept it, and said bitterly:

"The hatred for one's parents is irreconcilable."

"My father was poisoned by my uncle, I swear to avenge him!"

After hearing these words, Han Yu felt that Zhu Youjian was a bit extreme and might cause trouble in the future.

Thinking of the feudal system implemented by the emperor, he came up with an idea and said:

"If the grandson can achieve merit, he will be valued by your majesty."

"Will it be difficult to kill a commoner then?"

It was suggested that Zhu Youjian take the initiative to request a fiefdom and go overseas to establish a fiefdom for the Tang vassal state.

Zhu Youjian was really tempted, because he was not a man who would settle down. In history, he was imprisoned in Fengyang for leading troops to defend the king.

Thinking of his grandfather's attitude, he really didn't want to go back to Tang Fan, so he said:

"Will Your Majesty agree?"

"I am not the Tang King yet."

Han Yu knew the emperor's idea and was in favor of moving the princes out. He said with great certainty:

"Your Majesty asked the prince or the crown prince to come to the capital to discuss this matter."

"The King of Tang has not come to Beijing, so the Grandson will represent the Tang Clan."

"Of course I can decide this matter and apply for the establishment of an overseas domain."

"In the future, your grandson can even ask His Majesty to allow your uncle to go overseas with him to serve as a feudal lord."

Zhu Youjian was not a fool, so he could understand what Han Yu meant. After taking his uncle overseas, killing him was just a thought away.

As long as the aftermath is done well, no one will care about a commoner who dies overseas.

So he was already tempted at this time, and after getting Han Yu's guarantee, he immediately wrote a memorial to the emperor, requesting the Tang vassal to move his fiefdom.

This was the second vassal king who took the initiative to apply for relocation since Han Yu's relocation. Zhu Youjian was very satisfied with Han Yu's handling of the case, which not only solved the case but also promoted the relocation of the vassal.

So he summoned Han Yu and praised him a lot, letting all the ministers in the court know that Han Yu had regained his trust and his position as Grand Secretary was secure.

After that, Han Yu often participated in court meetings, standing together with the cabinet ministers and only behind Huang Liji.

But if he were to be ranked together with the Nine Ministers, he, as the Prime Minister, would be ranked behind Yuan Keli.

It can be said that he is the second in command in the cabinet, but in the entire court, he can only be said to be the third person.

This position was a little lower than before he deliberately did not take office, but he was already very satisfied, knowing that Yuan Keli had no experience in the Imperial Academy and it was almost impossible for him to become the Prime Minister. The person closest to the next Prime Minister was still himself.

Next, as long as he handles the three cases and the rebellion case well, his status will naturally rise and he will be more trusted by the emperor.

However, the remaining three cases, the Chu Fan case and the Xinjianbo succession case, were not as simple as the Tang Fan case.

The Tang vassal case only required convincing Zhu Youjian, while the Chu vassal case and the Xinjian Earl succession case required convincing the entire Chu vassal royal family and the descendants of Xinjian Earl Wang Shouren.

Finally, he combined the emperor's treatment of Xinjianbo and the rumors about the four princeless vassal states of Liao, Ning, Yi, and Hui, and proposed:

"The backgrounds of Wang Xianda and Zhu Huakui cannot be confirmed or denied."

"I think we should let them compete with others. Whoever made the greatest contribution in the establishment of the fiefdom will inherit the title." This is not a good solution. Zhu Youjian had this plan before, but he was not in a position to bring it up.

After all, it is still easy to deal with an ownerless title, but breaking the inheritance system for an owner is a violation of convention.

The royal family and nobles would be worried that he, the emperor, would use him easily and treat him like this in the future. They didn't want to cause unrest in their families, so they wouldn't agree to this.

Now Han Yu proposed it, which saved him from the embarrassment. But as expected, it also caused a lot of controversy.

Putting aside the opposition from the nobles, many officials believed that if the origin of the family could be ascertained, it should be ascertained; if not, the inheritance should be allowed to the confirmed descendants.

Kong Zhenyun's decision on the dispute over the title of Xinjian Earl was based on the advice of these people. They did not want their titles or property to be taken away by someone who was not their descendant.

But the case of the fake King of Chu was not judged in this way. No wonder the Chu clan members made a big fuss after hearing the result of the Xinjian Earl's succession case.

It is obviously unacceptable that two similar cases have different verdicts. If this problem is not resolved, the case cannot be settled.

Zhu Youjian listened to their arguments and made a decision:
"First consult the Chu clan and the descendants of Xinjianbo."

"After they agree or deny the fight for the title, the two cases will be tried again in the court."

After these words were spoken, all the ministers in the court could hear that the emperor supported Han Yu's decision.

Because the Chu vassal royal family and the descendants of the Xinjian Earl would undoubtedly support the fight for the title, so that they all have the opportunity to compete for the title.

After these parties agreed, the ministers in the court who opposed the fight for the title naturally could not say anything against it.

However, they also put forward opinions on determining the qualifications for competing for the title:

That is, Wang Xianda and Zhu Huakui's backgrounds could not be confirmed and they should be excluded from the ranks of those vying for the title.

Zhu Youjian didn't care about it and let the ministers vote.

Finally, in order to prevent their titles or property from being stolen, these people prohibited people of unknown background from competing for the title.

And treat this fight for the title as a special case.

However, whether it is an exception or not is not subject to their will. After that, there were several cases of questioning the heir's background, demanding the abolition of the qualification of inheritance and asking others to compete for the title.

This forced the Ming dynasty's rulers and ministers to patch up the problem. First, the court established a system for enfeoffing the descendants of princes as the crown princes and grandsons, and clarified the subsequent heirs. It was also stipulated that the origin of anyone recognized and notarized by their parents would be calculated according to the notarized documents. Birth certificates and other documents were also used to determine origin.

The notarial agency established by Zhu Youjian began to be accepted by more people.

The Maternal and Child Health Care Center established by the Imperial Hospital also has more pregnant women giving birth there.

A notary office is also set up here. The birth certificates issued are numbered and archived, and can be used directly as evidence during the trial.

The obstetricians in the Imperial Medical Bureau had therefore accumulated more experience, which made Zhu Youjian more confident in them.

At the same time, because of the possibility of heavy bleeding and difficult labor during childbirth, Zhu Youjian promoted blood typing technology and developed blood transfusions while using this paternity testing method to eliminate disputed heirs whose blood types did not match.

The Ming Dynasty's medical technology and understanding of the human body began to improve further.

At this time, the Ming Dynasty had already had a deep understanding of the human body.

Zhang Jingyue, the actual founder of the Wenbu School, gave a detailed introduction to the internal structure of the internal organs and the location of bones in his book Leijing Tuyi.

This man's medical skills were very advanced, and he was called "the reincarnation of Zhongjing and Dongyuan." He was born in a guard post, and his family inherited the title of commander of Shaoxing Guard.

When Zhu Youjian called for skilled doctors from the folks, he was recommended by many doctors and the Marquis of Dingxi. Now he has come to the capital and become one of the imperial doctors.

Wang Kentang, who had contacts with Dong Qichang, Matteo Ricci and others and retired as a political advisor in Fujian, had successfully performed resection surgery on a patient with a malignant tumor near the eye socket and also performed replantation of a fallen ear.

In the 45th year of the Wanli reign, Chen Shigong wrote "The Authentic Surgery", which specifically explains surgical operations.

Zhu Youjian instructed the Imperial Hospital to organize medical works. After seeing the name of this book, he asked someone to invite Chen Shigong to the capital to serve as an imperial physician and teach surgical techniques.

Today, Chen Shigong has become the dean of the School of Surgery at the Imperial Hospital Medical School in the capital, and has established an affiliated surgical hospital to teach his disciples how to perform surgery.

Based on the record in ancient books that "Jian Di gave birth to Qi by cesarean section", Zhu Youjian asked him to cooperate with the Maternal and Child Health Hospital to develop cesarean section as a last resort in case of difficult labor.

For this purpose, Zhu Youjian also authorized some doctors to perform dissections on unclaimed death row prisoners to improve their understanding of the human body.

Techniques such as anesthesia, disinfection, wound suturing, and postoperative care were standardized during the trial.

However, with the technology of that era, the risk of surgery was still very high. Zhang Juzheng died at the age of 58 because of the loss of vitality after having his hemorrhoids removed.

Therefore, Zhu Youjian did not intend to allow people to perform caesarean sections unless it was absolutely necessary. He was more focused on developing forceps and fetal head extractors:

(The left side is the forceps, the right side is the vacuum extractor)
Forceps are easy to understand. They are a pair of large forceps that clamp the fetus and pull it out.

A fetal head extractor is a hollow device that uses the principle of negative pressure suction to suck the fetal head and assist pregnant women in giving birth.

This device requires rubber. Since there is no rubber now, other rubbers can only be used as substitutes. This is why Zhu Youjian asked them to collect rubber trees when he sent an envoy to the West.

The emergence of forceps and vacuum extractors has provided obstetricians at maternal and child health care hospitals with more means of assisting children with childbirth.

After successfully helping some pregnant women with difficult labors to give birth, the reputation of this hospital has begun to spread, and more and more families are willing to let their pregnant women stay in the hospital to give birth.

After learning about this achievement, Zhu Youjian also set up medical assistants and attending physicians of grades one to nine, similar to craftsmen and engineers of grades one to nine. He also divided nurses who specialized in nursing care, and midwives who delivered babies and cared for pregnant women. While formulating midwifery standards, he divided them into grades based on the number of deliveries and success rates. He even promised to award honorary awards to the midwives of princes and princesses.

This led some skilled midwives to join hospitals as midwives.

They all wanted to enter the palace and become midwives of princes and princesses.

The strength of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital has also grown stronger and stronger, becoming one of the most famous hospitals in Beijing. (End of this chapter)