Chongzhen revived the Ming Dynasty
Chapter 513: Japan's Treaty of Conferment
After the Ming Dynasty demonstrated its strength and determination, Jiang Yueguang's negotiations with the shogunate accelerated sharply.
In particular, the arrival of Zheng Zhiyan, who was proficient in maritime affairs and had a good understanding of the emperor's trade policies, greatly made up for Jiang Yueguang's shortcomings and completely shared the burden of trade negotiations.
On August 15th, Jiang Yueguang, as an envoy of the Ming Dynasty, signed the draft "Treaty on the Rules of the Enthronement of the King of Japan" with the Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu, and submitted it to the Lifanyuan of the Ming Dynasty court for approval.
The main content of the treaty was that the Ming court appointed the Shogun as the King of Japan, and Japan surrendered and became a vassal of the Ming Dynasty.
Tomorrow we will live in peace and resolve all disputes in a peaceful way. Refer to the "Treaty of the Regulations for the Receipt of the Title of Altan Khan", which stipulates the resolution methods for various disputes.
Tomorrow, we will respect each other and respect each other's nobles and officials. This is the clause reached after the most intense debate and many discussions between the two sides.
According to this clause, Ming nobles and officials enjoyed the same status in Japan as Japanese nobles and officials. The final judgment of their violations of the law was made by the Ming emperor in accordance with the provisions of the Eight Discussions.
Japanese nobles and officials were treated as foreign nobles and officials by the Ming Dynasty. They were demoted to the second rank according to the Korean example, and at least enjoyed the status of foreign public officials. If they violated the law in the Ming Dynasty, they would also be judged by the Ming emperor.
Japan should also respect the nobles and officials of the various fiefdoms of the Ming Dynasty, at least treating them as samurai. As for the princes and lords, they should be treated as lords of the fiefdom.
According to this clause, Zheng Zhilong, as a baron of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife enjoyed the status of a feudal lord's wife in Japan. The King of Japan would order the Hirado Domain to apologize to Zheng Zhilong for detaining Weng, pay compensation in gold and silver, and apologize to the Ming Dynasty court.
The Satsuma Domain was also guilty of harassing Ryukyu, and the King of Japan would order the Satsuma Domain to compensate Ryukyu and apologize to the Ming court.
It should be said that this clause is not equal enough and shows the difference between the suzerain state and the vassal state.
As the suzerain state, the Ming Dynasty only recognized the status of Japanese nobles and officials to a limited extent. As a vassal state, Japan had to fully recognize the status of the Ming nobles and officials, and also recognized the status of the nobles and officials of the Ming Dynasty's subordinate vassal states to a limited extent.
Japan thus entered the tributary order dominated by the Ming Dynasty, but at the same time lost a certain amount of power.
The shogunate had no objection to respecting the Ming nobles and officials, but they also did not have the courage to deal with these people at will.
The reason for the objection is that if this clause is fully implemented, Japanese nobles and officials will strive for Ming Dynasty titles and official positions in order to obtain protection from the Ming Dynasty court and be tried by the Ming Emperor.
Therefore, the shogunate fought for a supplementary clause, which was that the Ming court would consult with the Japanese king in advance before conferring titles and official positions on Japanese personnel.
The Ming court respected the Japanese king's right to govern his country and treated him as a vassal monarch. If the Japanese king denied the title and official position of a Japanese person, the Ming court would seriously consider it.
The shogunate recognized the fact that Matsumae Munehiro was conferred the title of Viscount. However, the next time such a thing happened, it would be necessary to discuss it with the King of Japan in advance.
Jiang Yueguang was somewhat unwilling to this, because he still wanted to lure some vassal lords and let them lead troops to Liaodong to fight.
However, once this clause was made, the Ming Dynasty could no longer confer titles and official positions at will, making it difficult for him to lure the Japanese feudal lords to send large-scale troops.
So he struggled with this point for a long time, until the imperial court sent another order urging him to reach a peace agreement as soon as possible to end the war with Japan, Jiang Yueguang reluctantly agreed to this point.
However, he also secured a supplementary clause, which was that the Ming Dynasty could send people to recruit masterless samurai and civilians, and the shogunate could not stop it.
He planned to recruit some people to see the effect and see whether these ronin and refugees could become qualified soldiers in Liaodong.
The previous idea of recruiting feudal lords was changed to recruiting samurai.
Zheng Zhiyan also agreed with this, because the Zheng family also wanted to recruit some Japanese to lead the charge. When opening the Nanyang Domain, any dangerous places could be explored by recruited Japanese warriors.
Moreover, this approach can effectively reduce the number of ronin who become pirates, and can make the sea more stable.
So they worked together to get the shogunate to agree to this clause.
After peaceful coexistence and mutual respect, the third is mutual benefit.
According to this clause, Ming Dynasty and Japan opened up trade with each other and agreed on tariffs.
The two sides are mutually most-favored nations. Japan will give Ming Dynasty preferential treatment, privileges or exemptions no less favorable than any third country in terms of trade, navigation, tariffs, and legal status of citizens; Ming Dynasty will give Japan treatment no less favorable than any foreign vassal or foreign country.
The difference between the two also reflects the difference between a suzerain state and a vassal state.
But this is already very good for Japan, because it means that Japan's treatment in the Ming Dynasty is no less than that of foreign vassal states such as Korea and Vietnam, and no less than that of foreign countries such as Spain and the Netherlands.
Only the inner vassal states that completely belonged to the Ming Dynasty could be treated better than them.
As a price, Japan established free trade zones in Nagasaki and Osaka.
The free trade zone implements free trade, and Japan cannot impose tariffs as long as you do not leave the country.
It is also necessary to establish parliamentary autonomy and set up a free trade zone court to conduct independent trials.
This place, which is similar to a concession, usually formulates autonomous laws in accordance with the laws of the Ming Dynasty, allowing the people of the Ming Dynasty to live as if they were in their native land.
However, once outside the FTZ, Ming citizens had to abide by Japanese laws. If they committed a crime, Japan had the right to judge them, and the FTZ court would supervise them. Only when they were sentenced to death would they be reported to the Dali Court for review.
The nobles and officials of the Ming Dynasty, such as the dukes, were tried jointly by the Japanese judicial system and the Free Trade Zone Court in accordance with the previously agreed terms of mutual respect, and the final decision was submitted to the Ming Emperor.
This led to the continued appreciation of the non-hereditary title of Gongshi. Most wealthy merchants at sea would donate money to become Gongshi. Only those who possessed this title could enjoy various preferential treatments within the sphere of influence of the Ming Dynasty.
This was also one of Zhu Youjian's purposes, to continue to make money for the inner court.
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After the treaty was signed, Jiang Yueguang and the shogunate were very satisfied.
This treaty not only respected the status quo but also protected the rights and interests of both parties. It can be regarded as another model of treaties between the Ming Dynasty and vassal states after the "Treaty of the Enfeoffment of Altan Khan".
Jiang Yueguang may be promoted with the help of this treaty, and may even be listed as a wise minister in the Purple Pavilion in the future.
In particular, the three principles of peaceful coexistence, mutual respect, and mutual benefit in the treaty can be said to be the achievements given to him by the emperor with his own guidance.
Although the terms such as the emperor's status and territorial scope have not been determined, Jiang Yueguang still said happily:
"As long as the treaty is approved by the Lifanyuan, the shogun will officially become the king of Japan."
"General, you can send someone to go to the Ming Dynasty to pay homage."
Zheng Zhiyan also added:
"General, you can send someone to deliver the gift list in advance and let the court confirm the return gift."
"If the general needs a particular style of silk or porcelain, the court will arrange it in advance."
"These are special and first-class products. They need to reach a certain transaction amount before they can be allocated. They are not even allowed to be sold overseas."
"This is the emperor's special favor to the general and other kings. The general must seize the opportunity."
It introduces in detail Daming's product grading policy, as well as regulations such as quota allocation.
In Zhu Youjian's plan, tribute in the future would become a special form of trade, in which the Ming royal family and the vassal monarchs would trade the highest quality goods.
Moreover, because it was a tribute exchange, there was no pricing, and it was exempt from luxury taxes in the Ming Dynasty.
The shogunate was very happy with this regulation because the Ming Dynasty had always been generous and would never treat them unfairly.
Because of this, the shogunate had previously thought about restoring the Kango trade, and the shogunate obtained the Kango Fu and monopolized the trade between the two countries. However, the Ming Dynasty was interested in expanding trade and did not agree to this. The previous trade terms did not involve Kango. The shogunate fought hard to set up the two free trade zones in Nagasaki and Osaka, which were controlled by the shogunate.
Now, after listening to Zheng Zhiyan's explanation, they realized that the Ming Dynasty did not completely abolish the Kanhe trade, but only switched to the exchange of high-quality goods.
Even the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty put aside his pride and agreed to customize products for them.
This made the people in the shogunate restless and they asked for various goods they needed, and even asked the shogun to take a certain share of the tribute.
Tokugawa Iemitsu was also very satisfied with the Ming emperor's respect for him, which quickly made the humiliation he felt when signing the treaty disappear.
He tried to ask:
"Court of the Ming Dynasty, can you customize royal clothing for me?"
"I want an outfit more appropriate for Japan."
Jiang Yueguang was a little unhappy, because clothing was also part of the rules, and the Ming Dynasty had its own regulations for crowns and clothing. He said with an unwavering expression:
"The King of Korea is only granted the right to use the crown and clothes of the prince. What else do you want, General?"
Zheng Zhiyan tried to smooth things over by saying:
"The Ming Dynasty will grant the general a crown and clothes as a prince."
"But if the general needs it, other styles of clothing can be customized, but they will have to be exchanged for tribute."
He also told other officials:
"The same goes for you all. In addition to the crowns and robes granted by the court, you can also customize your own clothing."
Tokugawa Iemitsu and these shogunate officials were immediately happy.
They had no feelings about the Ming crowns and robes because it was impossible to wear them all the time on formal occasions.
But if the Ming Dynasty customized the clothes according to their needs, they could wear them all the time.
Even Tokugawa Iemitsu was thinking about showing off in front of the emperor by wearing the royal robes custom-made in the Ming Dynasty.
If his wet nurse were allowed to wear gorgeous clothes to meet the emperor, the shabby emperor would look like a clown.
The clothing workshop of the Ming Dynasty's Shangyijian also began to customize clothing for foreign monarchs from Japan. When countries such as Korea learned about it later, they also requested customization.
Wearing Ming Dynasty clothing gradually became a fashion. Led by high-end customization, the fashion industry and garment manufacturing industry of Ming Dynasty developed accordingly.
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The reason why the court urged Jiang Yueguang to sign a treaty with Japan as soon as possible was because the Ming Dynasty's actions against the Jianlu this year entered a critical stage.
After experiencing disturbances such as the outbreak of smallpox and the escape of people, the Jianlu finally dispatched a large army to fight in July.
In fact, part of the troops had already been dispatched in June. Huang Taiji was annoyed by Mao Wenlong's harassment of Zhenjiang and Fenghuang City areas.
Although Mao Wenlong never fought a major battle, he rescued many Han people in Liaodong and killed many remaining Jurchen men and the elderly and weak.
This caused panic among the Jurchens, and many of them were worried about their relatives at home. The Han people in Liaodong were also ready to make a move, and some people fled from time to time.
Huang Taiji was furious and ordered Amin and Haoge to lead the Bordered Blue Banner and Bordered Yellow Banner to attack, and let them drive away the Dongjiang troops and then attack Korea. He wanted to teach Korea a lesson again so that they would not dare to support Mao Wenlong.
Amin, as the main general, once again sent troops to Korea.
However, this time he was not as active as last time. When he went to Korea two years ago, he planned to station troops and farm in Korea with Du Du and stay there with his troops.
However, Du Du refused tactlessly, which led to him being criticized by everyone.
After he returned, Huang Taiji treated him politely on the surface, but took the Korean woman he liked as his wife.
This often made him sigh that he was born as a human being and envy the trees or stones on the mountains, implying that he was controlled by Huang Taiji.
This time, Huang Taiji expelled Mao Wenlong and warned Korea again. Not only did he not send more troops to him, he also sent Hauge to monitor him.
This made him lose interest in the battle, and he just expelled Mao Wenlong according to previous practice.
They had been fighting Mao Wenlong for several years and knew that this man was very slippery and impossible to catch.
Since we can't eliminate it, just drive it away.
Mao Wenlong also fled with his troops as he had done before, and fled to Pi Island with the help of the navy left behind in the Yalu River.
Amin and Hauge successfully entered North Korea and occupied Yizhou again.
However, at this time, Yizhou City had already been fortified and the people in the city had disappeared.
The Jurchen soldiers brought by the two men could not find supplies in the city and had to look for them in the countryside.
This led to unexpected resistance, and small groups of troops kept disappearing in the countryside.
What Amin and Hauge could not have imagined was that the Dongjiang Navy had the courage to blockade the Yalu River and burn their pontoon bridge.
For some unknown reason, Mao Wenlong showed up again, devoured the troops they had left behind, and continued to harass the hinterland of Liaodong.
This made them worried that their retreat would be cut off, so they hurriedly built a pontoon bridge again and used fireboats to drive away the Dongjiang navy.
However, what made them helpless was that Mao Wenlong led his troops to escape again. Even if they sent out cavalry, they were unable to catch up with Mao Wenlong's troops.
Since the troops were sent out, they had lost hundreds of soldiers without fighting a major battle. Hauge was very angry about this, and Amin was also a little angry.
He had not intended to fight Mao Wenlong, but since Mao Wenlong was ignorant, he should not blame him:
"Lead the army south to Korea, and let's go to Seoul again!"
He led the Bordered Blue Banner Army to cross the Yalu River again, left a thousand soldiers in Yizhou to guard the rear, and went straight to Seoul.
This time, Hauge did not hold him back, but went straight to Seoul with him.
Because there was almost no resistance in the last attack on North Korea, Amin did not take this war seriously at all.
However, as they moved southward from Yizhou, they encountered unexpected resistance: trenches, horse traps, and caltrops were everywhere, slowing down their progress.
What worried them even more was that there was not a single grain of food in the cities and villages they had captured, and the supplies they had brought with them had been exhausted.
If they cannot find a new source of supplies, their expedition will be in vain.
This is even more unacceptable to the Jianlu who make their living by looting. (End of this chapter)
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