Zhu Tian: The Fiery Years Begin with Taking Qin Huairu as a Concubine

Chapter 190 Nature
With her other hand on the defensive, Song Fuhui could only yell:

"Senior! Not here! Um! Go pinch Xiaomei and Xiaomei, they will obey!"

The two twin sisters stood nearby and wanted to help, but because of their different identities, they absolutely did not dare to take action to rescue others.

They just dared to rub back and forth there, whispering:

"Sir! Wu Jiemo is right here. Come on, Wu Jiemo and I are here."

Zhang Kaiwu just doesn't want to have anything to do with them!
He caught the shy Fuhui and rubbed her hard, making Fuhui desperately call for her sister to help.

Song Fuzhi ignored her and excitedly made a phone call.

Hehehe! Zhang Kaiwu felt that the sisters' performance was a bit exaggerated!!!
Unfortunately, the two schools are very close to each other, and Xiaojiu came very quickly after receiving the call!
They also brought a few male and female classmates, probably all graduate students from the Department of Chemistry, who were all quite old and probably serious students. Extracting penicillin crystals was such an exciting thing, and everyone was very excited.

They all came running over, their faces flushed with excitement!

Seeing Xiaojiu coming, Zhang Kaiwu let go. Song Fuhui looked at her classmates with a red face and finally ran away.

Hu Shuangjiu was also very happy. She was a smart person and knew that her elder brother would definitely not talk nonsense.

Since the eldest brother asked her to help, he didn't care about her identity. As soon as Xiaojiu came over, she took his arm and introduced her to her classmates with a proud smile:

"This is Zhang Kaiwu! Everyone in the medical school calls him Senior. Senior is my boyfriend and we are in love."

After a few polite words, everyone hurried to the laboratory inside the school.

After receiving Zhu Fuzhi's call, several graduate students and biology professors came to the school. The group excitedly prepared things and went to the kitchen to get a bucket of cooking oil and some large ice cubes.

These big ice blocks come from ice factories and are sold and given to wealthy families.

Ice is delivered to schools every day, and this is the main business of ice manufacturers.

Zhang Kaiwu went with them, put on the white coats in the laboratory, and directed them to place the ice cubes.

Although everyone was confused, they were also very excited to see Zhang Kaiwu's calmness.

The weather in August was a bit hot, so Zhang Kaiwu asked them to lower the air conditioning temperature in the laboratory to the lowest level, which was probably only around 20 degrees.

Adding the ice cubes piled up nearby, I estimate the temperature in the room is only around 10 degrees, which is about right.

After all, this is not an advanced laboratory, this is the only condition.

Zhang Kaiwu also asked Song Fuzhi to have the male students use hammers to break up the large ice blocks that had been prepared for later use.

After a busy preparation, more than an hour has passed. It seems that time is very tight! ?

Zhang Kaiwu looked around and saw that there were a total of twelve people, including professors and students.

In this case, let's hurry up, Zhang Kaiwu said with a smile:
"Divide into two groups, and then into six teams to start the experiment together. This way, it will be easier to get the simplest data."

Xiaojiu raised her hand gently and asked:
"Senior! This experiment is easy to master. Will it be too difficult for the students?!"

Zhang Kaiwu patted her and said with a smile:

"Don't worry and do the experiment boldly. This thing is not difficult for those who know how to do it, and it is difficult for those who don't. I think you will all succeed."

"You can take notes now. In fact, the most important point in the penicillin extraction process is the temperature."

"Everyone knows that the most suitable temperature for penicillin culture is around 24 degrees. If the temperature is too low, it will not grow well, and if the temperature is too high, it will be destroyed."

Zhang Kaiwu was talking about the precautions there, and a group of people were taking notes seriously.

No wonder I fail every time and have never been successful in school!
Song Fuzhi immediately grasped the key point, raised her hand and said:

"Senior! For this penicillin crystal extraction experiment, you asked us to prepare so many ice cubes and lower the air conditioning temperature to the lowest. Does the experiment have to be conducted at low temperatures? "

“Will it fail if the temperature gets too high?!”

Zhang Kaiwu smiled and said:

"The extraction temperature of penicillin solution exceeds 20 degrees. When it is shaken, it will produce structural destruction and volatility. It will degrade quickly. When the temperature is high, you may extract only impurities and a small amount of penicillin."

"Of course, a temperature that is too low will also damage its structure. During the entire experiment, the extraction temperature should not exceed 10 degrees and not be lower than 6 degrees."

"Before the extraction experiment, you must pay special attention to cooling the penicillin culture solution in advance. The temperature also needs to be lowered during the experiment, and the operation must be carried out at a low temperature."

"The most important thing in the whole process is thermal stability. If the stability exceeds the limit, the extraction efficiency will drop infinitely."

A group of people suddenly realized!!
There were so many detours that two old biology professors were in tears! They raised their hands modestly and said in confusion:

"Senior! Isn't the growth environment of penicillin medium to high temperature? It actually evaporates!?"

Zhang Kaiwu smiled and said:

"You are all professors, so just call me Xiao Zhang. You are too polite! Although the finished penicillin is a crystalline solid, that is in a closed container, but when it is in liquid state, its thermal stability is very poor, that is its characteristic. Of course, these things are not said by others, but you will understand them over time."

"We need to be gentle during the experiment, especially before they are cooled down, as they are very easy to break! Although we cannot see it with our naked eyes, their structure has actually been destroyed."

The old professors said quickly:

"We will call you senior! I heard that you are already a professor. Even with your knowledge, we should call you senior!"

"Except for your selfless dedication, no one else would tell the story. Not even the foreigner in the procaine penicillin laboratory told the secret."

No one has tried to figure out what is going on in a sentence, and countless people's experiments have failed, but they don't know the reason.

Zhang Kaiwu taught them the simplest layered separation method of extraction. First, bury the penicillin culture medium container in the crushed ice to cool it down.

The conditions in the laboratory were difficult, and it took more than an hour for the temperature to drop to 6 degrees. Then Zhang Kaiwu asked them to repeatedly filter out the mycelium and other foreign matter in a low-temperature environment.

After the penicillin solution is pure, stir it with vegetable oil.

The whole process takes place in a low-temperature environment inside crushed ice, using colorimetric columns or separation columns to operate these things, and the movements need to be gentle.

After standing for a period of time, the penicillin aqueous solution at the bottom was easily separated.

After stirring, the rapeseed oil takes away most of the insoluble substances and most of the fat-soluble substances.

Zhang Kaiwu watched them busy and took notes nervously. This is really a very simple experiment, so simple that as long as the method is right and the process is known, all you need is your hands.

But the professors and students who successfully extracted penicillin solution for the first time did not think this way.

When they observed the solution under a microscope, they were all excited.

The high concentration penicillin solution was successful in one go!
Although this is just the simplest first extraction, there are still some impurities in it and it cannot be used for injection at all!

But strictly speaking, after purification, it can be injected intramuscularly.

Even now, with some risks, it can be taken orally. There is no problem with external application, and there is no problem with using it to treat diseases and save lives.

This is success. Purity is just a matter of technique. They found the most critical method. They separated the penicillin solution. The rest is just continuous improvement.

Six groups of people did the experiment together, and all of them succeeded. This shows that the method was right!
It's not a coincidence!

You should know that penicillin could be extracted before the Republic of China, but that was not called extraction.

The cost was huge, but only a few bottles were produced.

As a joke: those penicillins were picked out by hand and drawn out with syringes from countless culture media.

I haven’t found a way!
The classmates and professors were all shouting there like crazy, as if they were crazy. People kept running out and telling their classmates the good news.

Everyone was attracted by the movement in their laboratory, and people kept running after them, asking questions, and then joining in.

The excited students called their friends everywhere to share this great news.

The successful extraction of penicillin is something that even college students who live a life of idleness and wait for death know. Although the United States succeeded a few years ago and already has the extraction method, and even opened a factory to produce finished products, they do not disclose these extraction methods to the public!
Instead, the finished penicillin product was used as a means of communication and sold in a restricted manner.

Now we have it too!
Zhang Kaiwu ignored their madness because there were too many people and he couldn't stop them.

This purified penicillin crystal is also something that will soon become obsolete. It will not be kept secret for two or three years, as countless people will soon figure it out.

What everyone will compete on in the future is production scale and purification technology and process.

It’s different with erythromycin. He will strictly control the research and do his best to keep it confidential.

In the early stage, I didn’t know how to do experiments seriously, so I let my younger classmates do it.

Ha ha ha ha ha!
.....................

Zhang Kaiwu is also very busy now!

Zhu Fuzhi's hormones were over-secreting. She jumped onto his waist, crossed her legs, and excitedly hugged Zhang Kaiwu and kissed him for ten minutes.

Song Fuhui blushed and she and Xiaojiu were so anxious that they hugged his arms and jumped around, patting her and asking her to come down quickly. They had not even had time to celebrate yet.

Zhu Fuzhi was so excited that she hugged his neck and bit him hard, but she wouldn't come down.

The strong woman may have fallen in love and couldn't control herself.

Zhang Kaiwu finally found time to speak to Xiaojiu:

"The next step is to require the help of your classmates in the chemistry group. We also need your help to continue the crystallization experiment of penicillin crystal extraction."

"But now the penicillin solution is a little low, and we need to continue extracting it. Let's finish extracting the solution first."

Xiaojiu said gently:
"Brother! There's no rush for those things! Fuzhi, have you finished secreting your hormones? Senior Zhang is my boyfriend, come down quickly after you're done with your madness!"

Inside the laboratory, the deans of the two schools rushed over as soon as they heard the important news.

Including Director Liu, who I had just met at noon, and the soldiers from the Academic Affairs Office blocked the door of the laboratory to stop those crazy students who wanted to come in and take a look.

Seven or eight deans gathered around the microscope to watch the excitement. A young dean named Lu heard this and said quickly:
"Fuzhi, why don't you come down? Why do you have to give in? It's the Republic of China now. Our school encourages free love. Everyone has the right to choose and everyone has the freedom to compete."

"If you meet an outstanding young man, every female student can take the initiative to pursue him!"

Seeing the group of old men, Song Fuzhi blushed and calmed down, and jumped down.

Zhang Kaiwu quickly picked up the excited Hu Shuangjiu, gave her a kiss, patted her on the back and celebrated with her. He looked at Song Fuhui who was waiting next to him, picked her up, gave her a kiss, and patted her on the back to celebrate.

The young Dean Lu said with a smile:
"You must be Zhang Kaiwu, the senior student promoted every day in the medical school, right? You are so dashing! What a dashing man!"

Zhang Kaiwu smiled awkwardly and said:

“So-so…”

An old dean couldn't help but say:

"Young talents like you should come to our school. Our school has the best conditions!"

Zhang Kaiwu said with a smile:
"That's impossible. I'm from the medical school."

The door of the laboratory was pushed open again, and Dean Zhu and Dean Zhou ran over with Zhu Zhiyin.

Dean Zhu said with a smile:
"You bunch of old bastards, what are you doing surrounding my grandson-in-law? How dare you, you old pervert, set your sights on my family?"

Dean Zhou said with a smile:
"Kaiwu! Otherwise, just go back today and do the final extraction and crystallization experiment in the medical school. It will be just as convenient!"

An old dean said quickly:
"Old man Zhu! Old man Zhou! Stop talking nonsense! Our graduate students and professors from Tsinghua's chemistry group are all waiting here, ready to help Kaiwu. Is there a chemistry department in your medical school? "

"Do you have so many instruments in your medical school? Do you need to use syringes to do experiments?"

Looking at that group of old men, they were engaging in crazy personal attacks there.

Zhang Kaiwu clapped his hands, smiled and said comfortingly:

"Alright! Everyone, stop arguing and just finish the experiment today. It's getting late, so we should try to finish extracting penicillin today."

"Aren't you going to sleep today?!"

The matter was of great importance, so the old men stopped arguing. A group of old men gathered here, and several of them took turns to do the penicillin solution experiment themselves.

After finishing the experiment, the group of people were all there, sighing silently.

It is such a simple operation step in a low-temperature environment to remove impurities from vegetable oil, which has stumped countless researchers.

As for the step of purifying the solution after stirring the rapeseed oil, they can probably figure it out. If they use other acidic substances and find out the effect, they can also replace rapeseed oil in the purification process.

Zhang Kaiwu did the experiment in this way only to simplify the process.

The Nationalist government spent millions of dollars to build a procaine penicillin laboratory, but the product has not yet been produced, and now it seems like a joke.

Fortunately, there is a young man like Zhang Kaiwu who has such clear thinking and can find out the characteristics of penicillin.

After everyone worked together to purify the penicillin solution, Zhang Kaiwu guided them to complete the secondary purification of rapeseed oil.

A group of graduate students, professors, and deans began to pick up their notebooks and sit there obediently, waiting for Zhang Kaiwu to arrange the next step.

Zhang Kaiwu stood there and said with a smile:

"Strictly speaking, this purified penicillin solution becomes penicillin potassium salt after drying."

An old dean raised his hand and said:

"Senior! After drying, will it become procaine penicillin?!"

Zhang Kaiwu said with a smile:

"Of course! You can call it that, but its chemical properties are unstable and its thermal stability is poor. It will be damaged and deteriorate when exposed to high temperatures. It needs to be stored at a low temperature of minus 20 degrees."

"Because it contains a lot of impurities, including potassium salts and impurities, it becomes a light yellow amorphous powder after drying."

"Although I have never been to the laboratory at the Temple of Heaven, I think that procaine penicillin is processed through the freeze-drying method."

Dean Lu quickly raised his hand and said:
"Senior! We don't have a freeze-drying machine here. Do you mean we don't use this method to crystallize? Do you have any further purification methods? "

Zhang Kaiwu smiled and said:

"Dean Lu! Don't be so polite! Of course there are further methods. This potassium salt of penicillin and those impurities are very harmful to the body! It is not suitable for intravenous infusion at all, and the medical effect is much worse!"

An old president of Tsinghua University couldn't help but raised his hand excitedly and said:

"Senior! You want the chemistry department of our school to come and help. Is the next step to change the physical crystallization method into chemical purification crystallization!?"

Zhang Kaiwu said with a smile:
"Yes! Don't get excited!"

"I will not direct you to carry out the crystallization experiment. The final chemical purification and crystallization of penicillin will depend on the students in the chemistry group."

"According to my previous research, penicillin has some unique features. I think once I finish explaining it, your chemistry group will be able to understand the method."

A group of people listened attentively, taking notes with pens and focusing on the lecture.

Zhang Kaiwu said with a smile:
"In addition to penicillin, the penicillin solution we just purified also contains some potassium salts and some other impurities. Potassium salts like to dissolve in water."

"Penicillin also has the property that it likes to dissolve in weak acid solutions, but will separate and crystallize in strong acid solutions. So I need to use a chemical agent to extract penicillin alone."

"And this chemical agent must be able to meet the requirements of repeated extraction. Have you thought of what to use?"

(End of this chapter)