Short video spoiler history: The beginning of modern warfare

Chapter 166 Chemical Engineering Fundamentals
In front of Fengtian Hall.

In fact, some people are really curious about the taste of tea leaves dipped in various sauces, and they want to try it when they get home, but they are embarrassed to say it out loud for fear of being laughed at by others for being "wild boars".

"Cocoa is also a product of America, right?"

"That's right." Liu Ji pondered for a moment and said, "But that part of Europe was very poor before the great voyages of discovery."

Although there are quite a few people there, it is not certain how many of them can afford tea.

After all, it is impossible to take such a big risk, sail such a long distance, and the cargo is so scarce just to make a small profit.

In fact, since the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties, tea, salt, iron, and silk from the Central Plains have always been rare commodities in the surrounding foreign countries. If they could continue to do business, they would definitely make a lot of money.

[I’m not afraid of the silly bears in the zoo, I even think they’re cute. But if you look at this photo, you can intuitively feel how scary bears are. A bear is hiding on top of the wall.]

[If the keeper didn't notice the bear at this time, he would be attacked by the bear when he pushed the door open. It was impossible to defend against it.]

[We often see bears waving to tourists for food and think nothing of it. But if a bear imitates a human and waves to you in the dark night, would you find it scary? ]

[A Tibetan netizen shared that bears there will put cow dung on their heads and pretend to be herdsmen to wave to you. Locals generally won't be fooled, but outsiders who walk past them without knowing it are generally in danger? ]

[The bear can not only imitate people waving and walking, but also imitate people knocking on the door. Bears are always known for their strength. Don’t think that we call him a stupid bear because he is not smart. He is not only smart, but also very scheming.]

[This is a video of a black bear being released into the wild. The first thing it did after getting out of the car was to search the driver's cab. When it found no one inside, it even checked under the car.]

[There was also a guy from abroad. He opened his tent and saw a brown bear. He quickly closed the tent, and the bear walked around the tent a few times and then left. You would think it would go far away, but it was just hiding in the distance.]

[In 1915, there was a Sanmao Bie Bear incident in Xiaozi. The horror was that the bear lured away the young people in the village in order to hunt, and then turned back to attack the elderly, the weak and the disabled. It bit 7 people and seriously injured 3 people. Moreover, bears like to eat living things and start to eat your flesh while you are awake.]

[So if you encounter a bear in the wild, get away from it immediately. Do you think Baldy Qiangqiang is scary now?]

In front of Fengtian Hall.

The first scene on the sky screen is an old house, which is dilapidated. Then the camera shoots around, and you can see the door and windows. Then the camera moves from the door upwards.

There was a black bear there, with its left and right legs spread apart and stuck in the corner like a "human standing", and its eyes were staring at the direction of the camera.

The next step is to release the black bear.
"."Everyone was shocked, especially when they opened the tent and saw a black bear taller than a human squatting there, staring at them, their eyes meeting.

Many of the generals leaned back, stretched out their hands to draw their swords out of habit but drew nothing, because swords were not allowed into the palace.

".I have nothing to do." Someone swallowed his saliva. They could explain the construction of a zoo, after all, they could charge admission. In the past, they had visited various popular zoos on the Internet, and had seen rare species such as zebras, giraffes, golden monkeys, giant pandas, peacocks, etc.

But bears, there is no need for that. And they are released.
"Release. It should be a deserted place with no inhabitants, right?"

"Releasing them into the wild can be a hazard, right?" Although most people have never come into contact with bears, the body's instincts won't lie.

It's creepy just watching it from the camera, and it's unimaginable to face it head on.

Especially this wounding incident. Imitating human behavior to attract people over and other behaviors. Just zooming in from a distance gives me goosebumps. It's terrifying when I think about it.

Jinling City.

From the cover at the beginning, a bear broke through the hut and rushed towards the old man and the children. In the following series of shots, many people took advantage of the opportunity to grab things they could touch around them. Suddenly they realized that this was just a video on the sky, but they still did not put down the weapons, stones, etc. in their hands and just held them like that.

I was both frightened and worried about the people in the sky.

"The Uncanny Valley Effect: If an object/animal does not look like a human, the more it behaves like a human, the scarier it is. For example, a corgi will stare at you, open its mouth, show its teeth, tilt its head, and smile."

"There's no need to panic. Bears are now confined to some virgin forests or protected areas. Normal people can't encounter them at all."

【Sulfuric acid is known as the mother of industry. It is an indispensable raw material for chemical products, one of the three acids and two alkalis, and the basis of all chemical industries.】

[In ancient my country, sulfuric acid was produced by calcining green vitriol at high temperature. The chemical formula for the high-temperature decomposition of green vitriol is. Because the decomposed gas contains sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, it can be directly introduced into water to generate sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid solutions, which can basically be used. ]

[Of course, oxygen can be introduced into this mixed solution to make a sulfuric acid solution.]

[Nowadays, when we produce sulfuric acid industrially, we usually calcine sulfur-containing minerals, such as realgar, iron sulfide and other minerals, to generate sulfur dioxide.]

【Then, at a high temperature of 400-500°C, vanadium pentoxide is used as a catalyst to oxidize sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide, which is then absorbed by concentrated sulfuric acid to make fuming sulfuric acid. 】

[Why not just pass sulfur trioxide into water to make sulfuric acid? The main reason is that the reaction of sulfur trioxide and water to produce sulfuric acid will release heat, which will cause the vanadium pentoxide to poison the catalyst] [The main mining area of ​​vanadium pentoxide is in Panzhihua, Sichuan. Its characteristics.]

[In the laboratory, there is another commonly used method, which is to first pass sulfur dioxide into water to make sulfurous acid, and then pass it into oxidation to make dilute sulfuric acid, or pass hydrogen peroxide into the sulfurous acid solution to make sulfuric acid. Then distill the water to evaporate to make concentrated sulfuric acid.]

[With concentrated sulfuric acid, other hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are much easier to make. The specific steps are as follows]

[The two alkalis are sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, and their preparation process is also very simple.]

[Sodium carbonate is also called soda. You can add a little bit of it when steaming buns. It can neutralize the sour taste produced by the fermentation of the buns (microorganisms). It can also be used as a detergent and is very effective in removing grease. ]

Tang Dynasty, Chang'an City.

"The gas generated by the reaction of salt water and concentrated sulfuric acid becomes hydrochloric acid when it is introduced into water?" Fang Xuanling and others were very surprised. Compared with the preparation of sulfuric acid, the preparation of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid is simply...

"Three acids and two bases. How should they be used specifically?" Everyone was still a little confused. The main reason was that there was too much missing content in this part. Just confirming what elements the various substances and compounds were was enough to make people scratch their heads.

"The specific usage should still be in the periodic table. For example, in hydrochloric acid HCl, the H ion carries a positive charge, so the Cl ion should carry a negative charge, right?"

"So, the positive and negative charges of the compound are equal?"

"Probably." The man was not sure.

So they hurriedly looked through the contents of that issue of the periodic table and began to study it.

Jinling City, in front of Fengtian Palace.

"Sulfuric acid is used in three acids and two alkalis. It is indeed the foundation of chemical industry," Hu Weiyong and others exclaimed.

"It's really complicated." Sun Chuanshi and others felt their scalps tingling and complained in their hearts.

Because Tianmu only briefly mentioned the direction and reaction process, the precautions and the preparation of some of the substances were not directly given, so everyone could only guess.

"The three acids are easy, but the two bases are more troublesome. The main reason is that the preparation of soda ash is too complicated."

"I really don't know how they figured it out in the first place. They are really gifted in scientific research." Zhu Biao also sighed. He knew the inside story of the Ming Dynasty. He knew the preparation process of the three acids and two bases, but he would spend most of the next few years studying them in the laboratory.
There are too many projects in the queue at present, such as seed breeding, diesel engine manufacturing, harvesting sweet potatoes, potatoes and corn from America, research on the decomposition of oil, laying railways, laying electric wires, and telecommunications.
Each of them is extremely urgent. On the contrary, although chemical industry is very important, its payback period is too long and it is not urgent, so it is foreseeable that it will not be implemented in the next few years.

"Finally, we have discovered the foundation of chemical engineering. No wonder we cannot figure it out alone. Just the three acids and two bases may take more than ten years to discover if we are unlucky. Let alone exploring their uses." Everyone dislikes this feeling of having no beginning or end and no direction. It is very different from the subject of physics.

Physics is seeing a phenomenon, then observing, drawing conclusions, and verifying
Chemistry, on the other hand, tends to create something out of nothing.

For example, for soda ash (sodium carbonate), if it were not for the two methods mentioned by Tianmu (the Blanc process and the Solvay process), people would not have much confidence that they could produce it, because there were too few people. For example, the Science Department has the largest number of people, but the number of people assigned to explore the chemical discipline is very small.

It is almost impossible to explore three acids and two bases with such a small number of people.

Zhu Yuanzhang was also well aware of this situation, but scholars were not easy to deal with.

There are even fewer scholars who have scientific literacy and the patience to focus on research.

Even the later batch of people recruited had to be trained by the seniors in the Science Department before they could take up their posts.

Most people still want to serve as officials in local areas, or have the opportunity to join the six ministries.

"What is glycerin? Have you heard of it?" Liu Ji said uncertainly. He seemed to have some impression, but he had no idea at all, so he didn't dare to say anything nonsense.

But he still thought that he would find some time to look through the previous information, maybe he could find it.

Zhu Yuanzhang and the others were not looking here, so they did not notice his abnormality and just answered casually: "I don't have any impression, what's the point of not knowing?"

Liu Ji and everyone else shook their heads; no one could explain it clearly.

"Sulfuric acid and nitric acid. What a punishment!"

"If I were a senior in high school, I could explain everything to you, but I have graduated from college for a year."

"Do you really think that the chemical industry system is so easy to establish? [狗头]"

(End of this chapter)