Lin Gao Qiming

Chapter 2534 Indian Cotton and Domestic Cotton

In Nanbao's Textile Industrial Park, most of the workshops in the formerly bustling cotton textile factory are quiet.No more hustle and bustle of the past.

If you go in, you will find that many workshops are empty, and the equipment has disappeared, leaving only the base.After the equipment was completely dismantled a few weeks ago, it was sent to Lingao Machinery General Factory for a comprehensive renovation and refurbishment, ready to be shipped to Guangdong.

Some new equipment has arrived one after another, and the installation and trial operation have begun.

Li Shan is very concerned about the new equipment, because this new equipment is "designed" according to the process flow he made.The specific implementation is Zou Biao.

A few months ago, when it was decided to carry out "capacity diffusion" in Guangdong and all the old equipment of the demonstration factory was ready to be sold, Li Shan presented a demand plan for spinning machinery to Zou Biao.

But Zou Biao raised a question after reading it: "The equipment is not difficult, and the current machinery factory can manufacture it. But there is a little problem here. The 54 spinning machine is an all-electric model with a speed of 12000r/min, and we only Things that can be made at 4500r/min may not reach the output of 15 kg per hour."

"You are talking about the spindle speed of the spinning frame. The 54 type does not only refer to the machine, it is a complete set of technological processes. I don't know about other industries, but there is no absolute relationship between the technological process and the rotating shaft speed in the textile industry. And many processes It is not necessary, although it will affect the output and quality. Using the 54-type process is different from the spinning frame in the 54-type. "The cleaning of the 54-type process is changed from two to one-way, and the drawing is changed from three to one. For the second reason, these processes are not directly related to the speed, but they can greatly save time and increase production. I think you also know it? "

In fact, it is equivalent to allocating the tasks that were originally done by machines in the peripheral processes to people. Although social productivity has declined, the output of machines alone has increased.However, for the agricultural society without machines, it has already soared.

"I know this, but the spindle speed has a great impact on the output. I'm just giving you a preventive shot. Maybe the finished product will not meet expectations." Zou Biao said.

Now it is the second week of operation of the [-]-type ring spinning machine.Li Shan and Zou Biao were observing the production of new machines in the textile factory, and Cheng Milian also came to visit today.

The 54-type ring spinning is manufactured according to the 13-type process flow, with steam power as the driving force, and the output per thousand spindles is about 15-[-] kg per hour.

"It seems that the actual production cannot always reach the output of 15kg." Zou Biao came to a conclusion through the production record sheet.The actual stable production efficiency is about 13 kg.

Overall, much better than he estimated. Type 54 is an early domestic spinning machine in the old time and space. Although Lishan's demand is based on Type 54, it is not completely based on Type 54, and there are some parts of the process flow of Type 65.

"Although spindle speed is the factor that affects output, it is not the only factor. For example, roller speed, package size, yarn number, etc., will also affect output, and output is not determined by only one spindle speed." Li Shan said.

"Is there any difference between our product and Type 54 craft?" Cheng Milian asked.

"Although the spindle speed is not the only factor, but the low speed, the output and quality are still much worse. The standard 54 spinning machine in the old time and space produced 20 kg of yarn per thousand spindles of 25 British counts, and we can only produce 14 British counts. 15kg per thousand ingots." Zou Biao said after putting the records back.

"Yingzhi?"

"A weight and measure of the British, it is very complicated to explain. You just need to know that in international cotton fabric transactions, the higher the count, the higher the cost, and the finer the yarn. The count of the fine Songjiang cloth is around 14S-16S, while the yarn The thicker the thread, the greater the output." Li Shan took a roll of the finished product and observed it in front of his eyes. To be honest, this was usually used to make jeans in the old time and space, and it was still the rough one.

The higher the count, the finer the yarn, which means the more expensive the yarn.However, under the current circumstances, low-count yarns are the most in demand: such as canvas (that is, denim), fireproof cloth, cloth for labor insurance, etc.The higher the count of cotton products, the more delicate and expensive they are. They are generally used for knit underwear, high-end clothing or high-end bedding products, and some count as high as 80 S.However, in this era, cotton products are generally not made so high, because of the limitation of handicrafts, a single strand can reach the sky with 16S, and silk products are generally used instead of cotton fabrics in pursuit of high-count fabrics.

"Since there are Yingzhi, is there still Gongzhi?" Cheng Milian asked.The length is inches, feet and miles, and the corresponding metric units are kilometers, etc., so it is natural to wonder if there is a common branch.

"Of course there is, but it is generally used on woolen and silk fabrics. I am used to it. The cotton textile industry in the old time and space was greatly influenced by the United Kingdom, and everyone used it that way. The conversion is about 14 cents for 20 pounds, and the standard 54 type It’s about 33 gongs, much finer than ours.”

"Shouldn't we use public funds uniformly in the future?" Cheng Milian thought of the vigorous standardization initiative of the industry before, requiring the removal of all the inexplicable industry standards of the old time and space-especially the imperial system.

"It's too troublesome, isn't it just a title? The symbol of Yingzhi is S. We say it is the abbreviation of Song, isn't it over? It's better not to touch the standard. You see, there are still standard parts in the industrial port. At least it’s imperial—once the influence of this thing is formed, it’s not something you can avoid by changing time and space.”

"For example, that wonderful 1435 standard track." Zou Biao laughed.

"That's right. Once the standard is formed, it's not so easy to change it." Li Shan's reluctance to change the imperial system also has this factor, because too many technical materials and industry standards are formulated according to the imperial system of the old time and space.

"However, the Planning Institute seems to have doubts about the cotton yarn production line with a daily output of [-] tons, and now it only approves the production line of [-] tons." Zou Biao said.The previous plan was to build a production line with a daily output of [-] tons in the demonstration factory, and the required number of spindles was about [-]. However, the Planning Institute was very hesitant to develop cotton textiles.

"What the Planning Institute is afraid of is nothing more than the problem of raw materials and the market. During the First Five-Year Plan period, the cotton textile industry was canceled in this way." Li Shan said.

"Yes, if 1200 spindles are produced at full capacity under ideal conditions, it will consume 400 tons of cotton per year. Hainan itself hardly produces industrial cotton, let alone whether we can receive so much cotton from outside , If the internal circulation in the Senate-controlled area is excluded, at least 4 tons of products need to be sold outside." Zou Biao said. [-]
400 tons of cotton products are enough for 20 well-off people to use for a year.However, this is also the maximum production under ideal conditions. In fact, the annual cotton consumption of [-] spindles will not be so much.

"I know what they are worried about. If we say that we avoid the large-scale development of the weaving industry, I also agree that it is very unreasonable to avoid the development of spinning."

"Under the taxation system of the Ming Dynasty, regardless of whether it was backward or not, about [-]% of households in Hainan owned handlooms, which is a very high proportion. The characteristics of textiles determine that most of the time the looms are used. They are all waiting for yarn, and the vacancy rate is quite high.”

"It takes an average of seven days to weave a piece of cloth, of which spinning takes four to five days, weaving only takes one day, and the remaining six days are almost empty looms. If we sell yarn, we can fill this vacancy. "Li Shan said.

In the old time and space, the so-called "homemade cloth resisted foreign cloth" in the Qing Dynasty was actually not accurate. Before the Opium War, a large amount of foreign yarn was already mixed in Guangdong homemade cloth, and the vigorous development of handmade homemade cloth actually relied on the import of foreign yarn.But this process is quite complicated and cannot be summed up in one sentence.

"What about the raw materials?" Cheng Milian asked.

"As far as historical statistics are concerned, only Songjiang exports 1300 million pieces of cotton cloth every year, roughly more than 1 tons of cotton every year, and at this time there is still a lot of northern commodity cotton flowing in. However, considering the disaster situation in the north, perhaps our cotton Need to get it in India."

"The question is, how do we get them to ship cotton to us instead of weaving locally? We also bought a lot of Indian cloth before." Zou Biao said.This is not his question alone.Indian cloth is very famous in history. If Europeans are willing to buy Indian cloth, they will process it locally, and it is impossible to transport cotton over.

"Cough! Mo Xiao'an may have received bribes from Quark Poor, but I have no evidence." Li Shan joked, "According to the figures in the Trade Yearbook of the Ministry of Colonial Trade, the average FOB price of the Indian cotton cloth we purchase is about It is about 2 yuan per piece, while the average FOB price of Songjiang cloth is much cheaper, only 0.5 yuan. Of course, the quality of the Songjiang cloth we import is inferior to that of Indian cotton cloth.”

"Hiss! Didn't the Senate spend a lot of money before?" Cheng Milian was quite surprised.He had heard that the school used Indian cloth.So many students for so many years, how much is it worth!

"This is not necessarily the case. Judging from the number of cotton cloth imported over the years, we have imported a large number of Songjiang cloth and Indian cloth, and the import ratio of low-end undyed Songjiang cloth is the highest among all textiles. It can only be said that the application scenarios are different. There are different markets."

"But does the high FOB price of Indian cloth mean that the FOB price of cotton is also high?" Zou Biao asked, "If we want to import Indian cotton, the price is too high and we will not be able to compete with local cotton. In this case, our cotton imports are only It can focus on the domestic market.”

"In normal years, perhaps Indian cotton is really not as cheap as domestic cotton, but now that the war is raging in the north, it may be difficult for farmers to grow cotton with peace of mind. Whether the original cotton-producing areas of the Central Plains and Huanghuai can be counted on is still a question mark. Therefore, domestic The price of raw cotton will inevitably rise. We may not lose money by importing Indian cotton. Even if we lose a little, there is no problem. As long as we can import raw materials, our production efficiency will soon reduce the cost to the minimum. At that time, we will go to India Dumping can easily overwhelm its local handmade cotton textile industry, and then suppress the price of cotton."

(End of this chapter)