Lin Gao Qiming

Chapter 340 Acids and Alkalis ([-])

Xu Yingjie said: "Not exactly. We call it electrolyte, and the caustic soda content in it is less than 10%, and there are many impurities, which need to be separated and processed."

"Look carefully, chlorine gas!" Ji Situi patted Xu Yingjie on the shoulder.

"What, what." Bai Yu wanted to get close to watch.

"Be careful, don't move around." Xu Yingjie was a little excited. He didn't think that chlorine gas could disinfect, purify the environment, and be used for things like hydrochloric acid, but "poisonous gas".

Although chlorine gas is common, it was the first poisonous gas used in actual combat in the history of modern warfare.Moreover, chlorine gas is easy to produce, and it can be called a super killer in this time and space.Regardless of whether you are the Manchurian White Armored Army, Guanning Iron Cavalry, Yu Family or Cromwell Iron Armored Army, there is only one "death" when you encounter it.

At present, the traveler's industry cannot produce gas pressure vessels, and it is impossible to store chlorine gas.But Xu Yingjie knew that the weapon research team had a lot of perverts, so maybe they could come up with some monsters.

This yellow-green gas rose in the glass tube, and all the travelers present held their breaths.At this time, a small fan fan installed in another glass tube suddenly started to operate, which indicated that another colorless electrolysis product also came out-hydrogen gas.

"Everyone should pay attention." Ji Situi began to give safety education to the workers: "This yellow gas is called chlorine gas. It is poisonous..."

Watching Ji Si retreat to a group of native workers who didn't understand what chlorine gas is, what hydrogen gas is, and how to prevent poisoning and explosion, Bai Yu thought to himself that I would not come to this chemical plant in the future—it's too dangerous.

The produced hydrogen is sent to the only modern unit in the complex: the hydrochloric acid reactor.Pass hydrogen into the reactor for combustion, and then pass into chlorine to generate hydrogen chloride gas.After cooling, it is absorbed by water and becomes hydrochloric acid.

This reaction is very dangerous.Excessive chlorine content in hydrogen will directly explode. The solution is to strictly control the amount of chlorine entering during the reaction, so that toxic chlorine is surrounded by excess hydrogen, allowing chlorine to fully react, preventing air pollution and Possible hybrid explosion.

Because of the great danger, Ji Situi didn't consider indigenous equipment from the beginning, but directly purchased equipment from modern time and space.

The production of hydrochloric acid can only consume part of the chlorine gas, and the rest is passed into a small reaction tower on the side, which has been filled with dried slaked lime in layers.The chlorine gas is absorbed by the slaked lime, forming calcium hypochlorite -- which has a more familiar name: bleach.

As the most common and effective disinfectant, the successful mass production of bleaching powder means that the Transit Group has reached a new peak in disease prevention and epidemic prevention.When the army launches an expedition, there is no need to worry about the sanitation of drinking water along the way.

It is difficult for slaked lime to absorb chlorine gas completely, and more or less part of the chlorine gas will be taken away in the waste. In order to make better use of chlorine gas and improve the air environment at the same time, it is generally necessary to take the last process of waste gas absorption.

The exhaust gas sent from the absorption tower is connected to the absorption tank with a pipe, and the inside of the tank is milk of lime prepared with slaked lime.Chlorine in the exhaust gas is absorbed by milk of lime to produce calcium chlorate and calcium chloride.

After milk of lime is saturated with chlorine gas, it is pumped into the concentration pot, heated and then cooled to crystallize calcium chlorate.Calcium chlorate can be used as a herbicide.Calcium chloride can be obtained by extracting the liquid of calcium perchlorate and then heating and concentrating it.Basically achieved zero emission of chlorine.

As for the electrolyte solution that flows out continuously during electrolysis, it already contains about 10% caustic soda at this time.However, the content of sodium chloride is higher, so such caustic soda cannot be used and must be concentrated.

The equipment used by Ji Situ for concentration is a large pot, which is directly heated and concentrated by igniting coal with firewood.The strong smell made all the people present who did not wear safety glasses escape.

"Wouldn't it be too polluting to boil it open like this?" Bai Yu said.

"Yes, but don't we have an evaporator? It still costs coal!" Ji Situi said loudly because he was wearing a chemical protective mask, "We will change it when the machinery factory can provide us with it."

After boiling for a long time, under the lye, crystals precipitated out at the bottom of the pot, accumulating more and more.

"Bai Yu, quickly scoop it out with a spoon! Be careful not to bring out the lye too."

Bai Yu hurriedly brought over the special wooden spoon and stood by the pot to scrape out the crystals from the bottom of the pot.

"Be careful." Ji Situi watched him nervously.This pot was made from roast pigs collected from Goujiazhuang at that time, and it has a large caliber.If one falls without paying attention, it will be finished.

Bai Yu carefully took out the crystals. The steam that filled the pot was pungent even with a protective mask on.

"Is this salt?" he asked.

"Yes, it's real refined salt!"

The refined salt taken out is sent to the salt drying board, washed several times with dilute lye, and then rinsed with saturated refined salt water, and the rest is snow-white crystals.The sodium chloride purity of this salt is as high as more than 95%.It can be used to configure physiological saline for medical infusion.

The electrolytic solution that has precipitated oversalt continues to be heated and concentrated until the concentration of the lye reaches about 30%, which can be used in chemical industry.product.Of course, it can also continue to be concentrated and dried into a solid, but doing so consumes too much coal and is not cost-effective for traversers.

The successful manufacture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and caustic soda gave the Workers' Energy Committee great confidence. Wang Luobin, Zhan Wuya, and others would visit these two humble workshops whenever they had time, and see how this local method was launched. device of.

Although these two sets of devices are crude, the benefits they bring are immeasurable. According to Ji Situi's calculations, under the condition of ensuring the supply of raw materials and energy, the contact method sulfuric acid workshop is equipped with 15 workers in three shifts, and the annual operating time is 345 days, daily production of 98 ton of 1% concentrated sulfuric acid, which can be increased to 1.2 tons per day if necessary; the salt electrolysis workshop is equipped with 24 workers in three shifts, and the annual production is 345 days, with an annual output of 47.5 tons of caustic soda and 87 tons of bleaching powder. Calcium chlorate 2 tons, calcium chloride 6 tons.Refined salt (95% pure sodium chloride) 47.5 tons, hydrochloric acid 30 tons.

The production volume is negligible by modern standards, but for the Planning Commission, which not long ago had to calculate every milliliter and gram for dispensing any chemical, the commissioning of these two workshops was tantamount to a windfall.

Even Shi Yanren also came, seeing the 95% high-purity sodium chloride prepared by Ji Si returned to him, Shi Yanren was so happy that he couldn't close his mouth—this would solve the big problem: the infusion and normal saline for injection were available. .Not to mention bleaching powder is a good thing that the Ministry of Health is looking forward to.As for crude calcium chloride, it can be made into calcium chloride injection after being refined by a pharmaceutical factory, which can treat tetany, intestinal colic, ureteral colic, urticaria, exudative edema, and itching caused by decreased blood calcium. skin disease.For the treatment of vitamin D deficiency rickets, rickets, calcium supplementation for pregnant and lactating women.Greatly improve the physical fitness of the people in this time and space.

With enough hydrochloric acid, the planned glucose production of the pharmaceutical factory can also be put on the construction schedule.Shi Yanren immediately contacted Wu Nanhai, asking him to quickly take out the starch raw material, and everyone worked together to set up a glucose workshop immediately.

As for Wu Nanhai, he was overjoyed when he suddenly got a herbicide that he had never expected, and immediately asked for all the related production to be allocated to him for use.I also asked with concern, when ammonium sulfate will be available for him, so that he can cooperate with hybrid rice to release a super-yield satellite.

Even people from the Ministry of Light Industry came to ask how much caustic soda and sulfuric acid quotas they could give them. With these two things, they could provide clean white paper, not to mention soap.However, in making soap, the Ministry of Chemical Industry and the Ministry of Light Industry have to cooperate. It should have been the Ministry of Chemical Industry that obtained glycerin through the process of making soap.

It's like snowballing.Once a technical bottleneck is broken through, many production fields that were stuck in the past will suddenly start to move, and the number of products that can be produced will increase at once, and the scale of production capacity will also expand.

The military department also reacted very quickly. On the same day, Xi Yazhou called and asked the Ministry of Chemical Industry to seriously consider the military value and use method of chlorine gas as a weapon.

It is impossible to release chlorine gas directly. Xu Yingjie and several members of the weapon research team did some research and developed a chlorine gas mine: a pack of calcium hypochlorite powder—that is, bleaching powder—is placed under the canned hydrochloric acid, and then A cartridge with a 30-gram gunpowder charge was attached, and the two substances were blasted into a mist and mixed together by explosion.As for the effect, everyone agrees that if you want to use it, it is best to detonate multiple bombs at the same time.

There is also someone who proposes that poison gas shells can be made, the principle is the same as above, and it is enough to improve the structure so that it can withstand the shooting of howitzers.

"It's not recommended." Xu Yingjie couldn't imagine who could run around with many hydrochloric acid jars on the battlefield.

"In my opinion, we have to rely on poisonous gas shells and mines," Lin Shenhe of the artillery R&D team made a concluding speech. "It's better to make some glass bottles and fill them with hydrochloric acid, which can be used as grenades when thrown out." .”

The response from the masses was very good, and the praises from various departments were rave.But as the person in charge of the chemical department, Ji Situ was not happy at all.Behind this series of dazzling product catalogs and production figures, there are hidden high energy consumption and extremely unstable production status.

A salt electrolysis workshop consumes 160 tons of salt, 60 tons of quicklime, 0.5 tons of hydrochloric acid, 35 tons of coal, and 14 degrees of direct current every year.1500 tons of water.This is an extremely objective material and energy consumption.Especially electricity and industrial water.The installed capacity of Bopu Power Station was originally only 213KW, and just one electrolysis workshop consumes almost one-tenth of the annual power generation of the power station.Insufficient electricity has actually become an important obstacle for the electrolytic salt workshop. The workshop, which was originally planned to start at the end of last year, has been pending.It was not until recently that the second phase of Bairentan Hydropower Station was successfully expanded, and a boiler machine there was moved to Bopu Power Station, and Bopu’s installed capacity was doubled before it officially started production.

Ji Situi plans to wait until the manufacturing capacity of the machinery department is upgraded to a higher level, and gradually replace the current too crude equipment, so that high energy consumption and high pollution production is really not the future direction.

Another disadvantage of the local method is that it "looks beautiful". After it is put into actual operation, many problems that are not mentioned in the construction brochure have been exposed one after another.

The most typical is the sulfuric acid workshop. Since the start of work, there have been a lot of big and small problems. The most serious problem is that the conversion rate is low, less than 70%, causing the concentration of part of the sulfuric acid to be too low, only 80%, and must be restarted. Blending can reach the factory standard.There was acid at the outlet of the blower, which was scattered everywhere, causing serious corrosion on the ground; a large amount of acid was discharged from the outlet of the chimney, which immediately turned into acid rain when it encountered humid air, and all the temporary workshops and sheds around the chimney were eroded and destroyed.Several workers were taken to hospital with mild acid burns.

Ji Situ and Xu Yingjie, as well as mechanical and construction technicians, made six consecutive revisions to the entire system, even the absorption tower was disassembled and refilled several times, and a pebble dust collector was added to the converter. Add coke to the air outlet as an absorbent; add acid-foam-removing tiles to the top of the absorption tower, and add coke... Even if I touch it myself to hold a meeting and discuss it with a book, fortunately, the large library has rich materials, and all kinds of problems can be solved. Once a solution was found, it took a month of tossing back and forth before the production was stabilized.

The sulfuric acid workshop had just stabilized, and there were several small-scale accidents in the electrolysis workshop. The most outrageous thing was that someone actually took a fancy to hydrogen and designed and manufactured a balloon by himself, saying that it was for the material preparation of the balloon observation team in the future. Fill the workshop with hydrogen.But this person came up wearing chemical fiber clothes and touched... 1% of his body suffered second-degree burns and was rushed to the hospital for treatment.The entire electrolysis workshop was paralyzed for ten hours.Ji Si was so discouraged that he still surrounded the workshop with a bamboo fence, and a danger sign with a skull was hung high outside.No one is allowed to come in and out at will.

When Shi Yanren came back from visiting the Bopu Chemical Factory, he talked with the Planning Commission and the Ministry of Chemical Industry about the supply of several urgently needed materials for the pharmaceutical factory, and then went to the dormitory area of ​​Bairen City to collect samples before returning the General Hospital.

"Touch it, touch it..."

Shi Yanren hummed "Eighteen Touches", and walked into Bairen General Hospital with a few bags of stool.Ye Yuming, who was passing by, murmured in surprise, "Is this buddy dumbfounded by watching poop all day long?"

The real reason is of course not the case!Shi Yanren sat in his "the first medical testing center in this time and space", raised his legs confidently, and smiled smugly with the sample jars piled up with a pile of poop.The successful commissioning of the Ministry of Chemical Industry this time revived his enthusiasm for the pharmaceutical factory that had gradually cooled down—and made him more motivated to think about what other medicines he could make.This is better than ten years of hard training.There are people in the time-traveling group!

(End of this chapter)