Lin Gao Qiming

Chapter 73 Water and Electricity ([-])

This boiler machine used to generate electricity was originally planned to be installed in the main city, but it was seriously polluted, with flying soot and noise, and the boiler required a lot of water, so it was finally installed in the hydropower area.In order to prevent floods, the foundations of the thermal power stations, power distribution rooms, and substations in the hydropower area were specially raised.

Although the boiler machine has many benefits for the traveler, it also needs a lot of fuel every day, not to mention that the boiler needs soft water.Shipping distilled water to the machine from the ship would be too much of a luxury.If natural water is used, rainwater is the best, and river water can also be used, but it is best to soften the water. Luo Duo said that he can make tannin extract to soften the water quality, but there is no place for him to find raw materials for a while.Finally, based on his experience in the countryside, Wang Luobin said that boiled water can be used instead.

Boiling water for this behemoth is a bit ridiculous. Many stoves were dug in a row on the river beach, and all the pots on the boat were unloaded to boil water. The flames blazed and the steam filled the air.The cross-traversing people went back to the work of cutting grass and logging, all kinds of firewood piled up like a hill.

"Why don't you use a diesel generator?" Wen Desi was not excited when he saw such a spectacular scene. In his opinion, it was a waste of time and manpower. Manpower is not economical at all.

The operation of the high-horsepower pot machine requires hardened ground—not only the foundation of the pot machine, but also the entire urban area must be hardened, especially the simple housing residential areas and urban streets that will be built soon.

Crossing people don’t have any bricks yet, but it’s very convenient to make concrete. The cement and steel bars are brought in with the ship, and there are as many stones as you want at Bairentan——Bairentan has always been a quarry for Lingao in history. , The stone is not only supplied for use in the county, but also sold to neighboring counties.The masons ran away after the time travelers arrived, and many of the stone pieces they quarried and polished remained, and there was still a large amount of crushed stone waste left after mining in the quarry—there was river sand on the river beach, which can be used after sifting .Cement and mixers were shipped from Bopu.Concrete also needs wooden formwork.Wu Kuangming set up an electric sawmill in Bopu, which can conveniently cut out timber of various sizes, and he soon had good luck with the wooden formwork.

After completing the hardening of the ground of the Guotuoji Power Station, the construction team started the hydropower project in one go. After all, it is not a problem to boil water to feed the boiler every day.Moreover, with the relocation of the executive committee's office, residential areas and the establishment of new industrial areas, electricity consumption will increase significantly soon.At that time, this power will not be enough.

The energy group took the Bairentan Hydropower Station as its key project in the energy planning, and prepared a complete set of design drawings for the power station. However, after they held a meeting with the construction group, everyone agreed that it was not enough to completely follow this plan.

The Bairentan Hydropower Station, which started construction after the Spring Festival in 1967 and was completed at the end of 1968, has a barrage of 94 meters long and 7.5 meters high, as well as supporting gates, tunnels, channels, aqueducts, and water pipes... Even in the 20th century, Lingao was still tilted. The large-scale project completed with the efforts of the whole county started with more than 300 cadres in the engine station, more than 100 hydropower engineering personnel, and recruited hundreds of migrant workers from the whole county. More than 200 heavy-duty fishermen and women carry boulders.Only 6.4 man-days of labor were invested, 5.18 cubic meters of earthwork, 5110 cubic meters of stone masonry, and 630 cubic meters of concrete were completed...

These figures are simply astronomical figures for the time travelers, so the full set of drawings can only be stored temporarily, and the final decision is to adopt a simple channel diversion type power station.Install a 200KW generator.

The design plan is to first excavate a diversion channel upstream of the nine-level waterfall at Bairentan.The width and depth of the aqueduct are calculated based on the water flow and slope. Fortunately, there are ready-made data sheets for checking these. The final determination is that the size of the aqueduct is 1.5 meters wide at the bottom and 1 meter deep.

The aqueduct feeds water into the forebay, which connects the aqueduct to the penstock.It consists of front chamber, trash rack, gate, water inlet chamber, overflow channel and sand outlet.

The pressure forebay is an important part of the hydropower station. It is not only used to settle sediment and intercept drifting debris, so as not to enter the turbine and cause damage, but also to distribute water when there are multiple units.In addition, its main function is to adjust the amount of water entering the turbine.

When the load of the hydropower station increases and the flow required by the turbine increases, the reservoir in the front room can supplement the insufficient water in the channel, so as to prevent the air from being sucked into the pressure water pipe due to the drop in water level and reduce the output of the unit; on the contrary, when the load suddenly decreases, or the upstream flow When there is too much water causing a flood, the excess flow in the channel can be discharged through the overflow channel so as not to affect the safety of the building.

The gate of the canal is used to control the flow and cut off the water, and it is installed in the water delivery room of the pressure forebay. Because it is a small hydropower station, the gate was decided to be made of wood.Based on what he saw and heard in the countryside, Wang Luobin recommended the use of a wooden arc-shaped gate that was popularized during the * * period. When it is opened, it uses a pulley block and a hand-cranked wooden winch, and it is closed by gravity. The structure is simple and the opening and closing is fast. , very convenient to use.

The pressure water pipe is a major problem encountered by the builders. As an important part of the hydropower station, it is used to create a pressure head to drive the water turbine to do work. It not only has to bear the pressure of the water head, but also bears the water flow in the pressure water pipe caused by closing the guide vane or gate of the water turbine. Abruptly stop the resulting water hammer pressure.Therefore, the pressure water pipe must have greater strength, otherwise it is easy to cause a pipe split accident.

In modern times, small and medium hydropower stations generally use steel pipes or reinforced concrete pipes. Naturally, they do not have large-diameter steel pipes. The manufacture of reinforced concrete pipes is not a problem, but the consumption of reinforced concrete is too large. Currently, there is no self-produced cement and steel bars. Ability, there are too many places to be used immediately.So someone proposed to use ceramic pipes, but the tensile strength of ceramic pipes is poor, and they will break under 10 meters of water pressure. It's not likely that anyone will be able to fire it - besides, the traversers haven't found a pottery kiln yet - they haven't even found a brick kiln.

Wang Luobin thought it over and over again, and proposed to use wooden pipes.This kind of wooden pipe is spliced ​​with 4-6 cm thick wooden boards and fastened with iron hoops. Its strength is better than that of concrete pipes, and it can be used at water head heights below 100 meters. Can be used for water heads below 50 meters.If the wood pipe is well maintained, its lifespan is not inferior, and it will be useless for 10 to 20 years.

The problem of timber is relatively easy to solve. The work of logging has never stopped these days. Although there is a lack of drying equipment, Wu Kuangming also built an earthen kiln to dry the timber by slowly smoking the branches and leaves. This method is very inefficient and dry The degree is not consistent, but it can finally provide enough usable wood.

The problem is that it is not easy to splice pipes with wooden boards. It is a bit like hooping barrels. This craft is about to be lost, let alone making such large-caliber wooden pipes.After several unsuccessful attempts, someone finally decomposed the standard size of each splicing material by means of CAD modeling.The timber team looked at the accuracy of each material to the millimeter, and the processing drawings with detailed angles were dumbfounded-I don't have a CNC sawmill here.

But with numbers, there is a direction to explore.According to the data in the drawing, after several days of groping, the first pipe was finally spliced. It was 4 meters long and 0.7 meters in diameter. The iron hoop and the thickness of the wood were added to the root pipe.After passing the test, the sawmill immediately produced 32 meters of pressure wooden pipes, of which 12 meters were reserved.Facts have proved that this backup is necessary, and 2 were scrapped during the construction phase.The interface between the pipes is sealed with cement mortar connection.The buttresses and town piers between the pressure pipes are built with cement mortar.

The bottom of the pressure tube is the power plant. Its foundation has relatively high requirements, so gravel mortar concrete was used at all costs, and some stone strips of various sizes from the quarry were used for unknown purposes.

Although Mei Wanwan and his construction engineering team had never built a hydropower station before, the power station equipment designed for rural areas had detailed and easy-to-understand instructions.A group of people with rich engineering experience studied carefully, coupled with their memories of the hydropower stations they had witnessed, it was not difficult to figure out the specific construction method.Digging earthworks, ditches, building factories, and even erecting poles are all familiar.The water canals are earth canals, and other buildings are built with cement mortar and stone.

Excavation in some rocky areas is more laborious, but with tools such as air compressors and pneumatic picks, it is relatively easy to overcome.Originally, the executive committee allocated some ammonium nitric acid and kerosene to use zha for construction work when necessary, but Mei Wan thought it would be better to use less of this big killer-they had no engineering experience in using zha.

Because Wang Luobin has lived and worked in the countryside of Guangxi for many years, he is very familiar with this kind of agricultural and livelihood buildings such as small hydropower stations in rural areas. He is basically in charge of coordinating the recent projects. People gathered together, as if arguing about something.He got closer and saw that there were mainly members of the construction team and the subordinate engineering team. One was the team leader Mei Wan, and the other was Zhuo Tianmin who proposed to build simple roads first during the road infrastructure construction.

(End of this chapter)