Lin Gao Qiming

Chapter 916 Presbyopic Lenses
As abrasives, there are quartz sand produced in Changhua, Lingao, and local diatomite. The latter—the diatomite that has been screened and classified is currently used as an abrasive for flat glass, but Lin Hanlong decided to use garnet as an abrasive.Because in this space-time garnet abrasive is the commonly used abrasive for optical lenses.

Lin Hanlong asked his apprentice to sieve the ground powder with a coarse sieve first, and then gradually switch to finer and finer sieves—most of the industrial sieves used for abrasives were brought from old time and space, and high-quality sieves cannot be made in this time and space. Mesh industrial sieve.The finally separated garnet powder becomes an abrasive graded by particle size.

At the same time, Lin Hanlong started to make special machinery for optical processing.First, at the cost of a pack of five Nanhai cigars, Chuqing Limited Edition, he asked his colleague Sun Li to work overtime in the machining workshop to make a steel goblet—the term is called a spherical grinding disc, and its inner wall is precisely machined. For a spherical shape, its radius is calculated in advance.The steel goblet is a key part of the spherical grinding machine, which requires high processing precision, so he dare not hand it over to the naturalized migrant workers to manufacture it, so he specially invited veteran technicians to make it by himself—there is no higher level than the veterans right now. mechanical technicians.

The spherical grinding disc should rotate on a plane.The technical content of the transmission system is not large, and it is enough to make a set of mechanisms to drive through gears like a bicycle.If you are a little extravagant, you can also use the transmission of the power shaft.However, the power to install and use the power shaft must be applied in advance. Lin Hanlong was too lazy to file a report and apply, so he just went directly to the human power system—the power needed was not much anyway.

Travelers are now very proficient at making things driven by manpower, and there are ready-made equipment in the workshop.The spherical grinder also places the workpiece on a swing arm, allowing the workpiece to rotate while swinging back and forth in the grinding disc.This one also has a ready-made design, the mechanism is a little more complicated, the power is changed from a motor to a hand crank, and it can be used with improvisation, but the speed is not uniform enough.

It took Lin Hanlong three weeks to assemble the parts of the spherical grinder.Most of them are hardwood components, and a few places use steel.Grinding glass by hand does not require much strength, and the strength of the wooden structure is sufficient.

After finishing the processing machinery, there needs to be a way to accurately fix the glass.For this matter, Lin Hanlong spent another three days processing a series of molds and fixtures by himself.After everything was ready, Lin Hanlong dismantled the glass cylinder into individual pieces of glass, wiped off the excess adhesive with alcohol cotton, and then placed it on an iron plate to heat slowly.When the glass is hot, pick up the prepared wax and put it on the glass.The wax is slowly melted under heat, forming a smooth surface on the top of the glass.Lin Hanlong checked it, and closed the fire door of the stove to let the iron plate cool down.After a while the wax cools down and the shape is completely fixed.Lin Hanlong took a hemispherical mould, and the top of the mould had already been turned into a plane.Heat the mold slowly, then take a piece of glass and place the waxed side on top of the mold.Once the wax melts, quickly water the mold to let the wax solidify immediately.This even fixes the workpiece on the mold.

The next work is similar to general machining. Fix the mold on the chuck of the swing arm, and then guide the swing arm into the grinding disc.The coarse abrasive mixed with water has been added.He and his apprentice stepped on the bicycle and cranked the hand, and started the machine.After grinding for a while, raise the swing arm to check the workpiece, and put it back to see the effect of grinding.After a while, the two exchanged places.After more than an hour of tossing like this, the original flat glass has been ground into a spherical surface.Lin Hanlong measured with a ruler for a long time, convinced that the accuracy of the spherical surface was tolerable, so he took off the workpiece and announced that he was off work.

Another day later, Lin Hanlong painted the polished side of the workpiece with wax and installed a mold, but this time he replaced the mold with a concave top.The other side of the glass sheet was also ground in half a night.

This time, Lin Hanlong's fiddling aroused everyone's interest, and several people stayed to watch the process of grinding the glass.The next morning, Zhong Lishi ran out from the laboratory where he hadn't been out for several weeks to look for Lin Hanlong.He first looked at the polished blank, admired it, and then asked: "After this thing is made, the first sample should be handed over to the general office for preservation? It is very commemorative. In the future, you will build an industrial exhibition hall. The No. [-] collection of the Optical Museum."

Lin Hanlong shook his head: "It doesn't matter if it's a collection or not. I just plan to make a pair of reading glasses for people to try."

Zhong Lishi was a little confused. "Who is old?"

"A native. My apprentice's father. A very good craftsman. It's a pity that old people can't do fine work."

"Then you still have to go to the trouble to apply for a pair from the Planning Institute? There are plenty of them in the warehouse." Dr. Zhong disagreed.

"How much can there be? The presbyopia of naturalized people and indigenous people is still very common, and there is a great demand."

"Oh. These reading glasses can be sold for money in the future." Dr. Zhong suddenly came up with a business idea.Although Dr. Chung is knowledgeable and charismatic, he knows little about optics.

"Someone has to try it. If it's not done well, it's to blame for the dizziness."

"Well. That's how it is. Can you make me an extra slice, and I'll make a gift for you."

"Gift?" Lin Hanlong felt bored for a while, he hated such formalism, and said hesitantly, "Why don't you make a gift without festivals?"

Dr. Zhong smiled: "It's very useful."

"That's fine."

After the conversation, Lin Hanlong was officially assigned the task of trial-manufacturing optical lenses, so he didn't have to do it himself during off-duty hours.Obviously, Committee Member Zhong asked him to take out the product as a "gift" as soon as possible. Lin Hanlong led his apprentices to continue working overtime. Within two days, all eight pieces of raw materials were ground into blanks.

Coarse grinding is followed by fine grinding with finer abrasives.The original abrasive powder has been cleaned up by the apprentice, and new abrasives are added.Lin Hanlong became more careful. Each batch of abrasives was repeatedly sifted by his apprentices to ensure that no too coarse particles were mixed in.After grinding for a while, he will stop working, take out the workpiece and measure it on the ruler.Sometimes he also directly touches up the unevenness by hand with coarse felt and abrasives.

In this way, it took a week to finely grind the eight blanks to the limit of the ruler measurement.Dr. Zhong came to visit again, and this time he brought Zhan Wuya.Zhan Wuya was full of praise for his products, and when he saw how serious he was, he persuaded him: It's just reading glasses, mass production in the old time and space can be directly cast, why is it so precise?Lin Hanlong replied that it was to accumulate experience for making better optical instruments in the future.Zhan Wuya shook his head and didn't say anything else.

The finished workpiece has only one process of polishing, but Lin Hanlong is worried.The polishing powder commonly used in the optical industry is a metal oxide with very fine particles, and the only metal material that Lingao can take out is iron.The metallurgical department says they can make iron oxide, but they can't make it into powder.The machinery factory has manufactured several ball mills, which are used in industries such as cement and ceramics.But the size is relatively large.Lin Hanlong had no choice but to send the iron oxide raw materials to Xiao Bailang for grinding, but the iron oxide particles produced were not many fine enough.In desperation, I had to use a coarse felt to polish with a limited amount of iron oxide powder.

A few days later, Dr. Zhong came again, and this time he saw several pieces of smooth glass shining in the sunlight on Lin Hanlong's workbench.

"Old Lin, are you doing well!"

Lin Hanlong shook his head. "It's horrible," he said, pulling out a box from a drawer: "Optical Inspection Tools" was stamped on the lid.Opening the box, Lin Hanlong picked up a pair of clean cotton gloves and put them on.He took out another flannelette and put a convex lens on the flannel, and then put a piece of flat glass on the convex lens.

"Look, Lao Zhan, how wonderful this interference ring is."

When Zhong Li moved closer, he could vaguely see the shadows of layers of concentric rings on the plate glass under the sunlight.He knows that this is the interference phenomenon of light, but he has no idea how to judge whether it is good or bad.

"Look at what I did." This time Dr. Zhong took a lot of effort to see some chaotic shadows, "The overall deformation and distortion of the interference pattern indicates that there are too many local tolerances, and the proper ring does not exist. "

"This, it's the first time I'm doing it, and it's inevitable if I don't have experience." Zhong Lishi said while picking up a piece of glass and focusing it in the sunlight.

"Look at how small the light spot is. I think it's done very well."

"Accuracy still needs to be improved."

"What precision are you going to improve to?"

"According to the standards of the optical industry, within a quarter of a wavelength."

Zhong Lishi almost fell onto the table: "Are you making a mistake! The wavelength of light waves is calculated in nanometers!"

"Yes. That's the standard."

"This is the 17th century! Can you please use the standards of the 17th century? According to modern standards, what do you do? Is it waste? Waste is not as good as it?"

Lin Hanlong remained silent.

"Can this thing be used as a telescope? Can it be used as a standard telescope in the 17th century?"

"That's definitely a lot more than that."

"That's all right, I think you've done a good job." Zhong Lishi patted Lin Hanlong's shoulder, "Let's wrap these up and present them to the Senate."

Lin Hanlong was appointed as the chief engineer of optics on the same day, and was responsible for the research, development and manufacture of various optical products.This title means that he has a formal remit, rather than an ordinary veteran engineering and technical personnel in the past.The establishment of the optical factory is also included in the agenda of the Executive Committee.
For Lin Hanlong, the biggest change in the moment was that there was an older skilled worker in the workshop——Cai Shengjie, the father of his apprentice Cai Junjie. He got the names of the father and son. They are called Cai Da and Cai Thirty.

Lin Hanlong was embarrassed to call Cai Shengjie, who was much older than him, his master, so he just let him work as a worker in the optical workshop.Cai Shengjie is a coppersmith with excellent craftsmanship-coppersmiths are roughly the role of fitters in traditional craftsmen, and they do metal processing and repair work.Therefore, when the work of fitter was first introduced to China, it was called "foreign coppersmith".

Cai Shengjie lost his ability to work because of his old eyes, so he could only work as an ordinary laborer.Now with the reading glasses made by Lin Hanlong, he can return to the frontline work again.

Of course, being a skilled worker earns much more than an unskilled laborer, and Lin Hanlong appreciates his craftsmanship, so Cai Shengjie is very motivated to work.He worked with Lin Hanlong until late at night and didn't take it seriously, and came to work in the workshop again early in the morning at six o'clock the next morning.

Bairen Industrial Zone at around four o'clock in the afternoon.It was still early before the day shift workers got off work, and there were not many people on the street.After the victory in Chengmai, the soldiers of the Fubo Army who had been patrolling with guns and live ammunition had disappeared, and only the "workers' picket team" walked by in groups of five, carrying sticks on their backs, wearing rattan work caps, and wearing "picket" armbands.

The workers' picket team is a public security organization mainly composed of workers' militias. Every morning and evening, each shift patrols the industrial area in turn.Their authority is limited to patrolling and interrogating industrial areas.With the vigorous development of the industrial zone, the theft cases in the industrial zone also began to increase.

Although Lingao's laws are very strict, even if the theft is the least serious, it will be sent to a labor camp for six months.The most important thing is to send Sanya to mine.However, a large number of products and raw materials in the industrial zone have attracted a large number of people who want to make a fortune: After the Qiongzhou Raiders were basically over, a large number of people from other counties began to flow into Lingao to look for more lucrative job opportunities. A "loafer" who does not do his job properly.This caught off guard the orderly society that was originally tightly controlled in Lingao, and security incidents rose sharply for a time.For this reason, while strengthening the police, Ran Yao began to resume the day and night patrol system of workers' pickets adopted during the war preparation period.

The three of them turned around the corner and strode towards the gate of the factory area.The leader was none other than Lin Hanlong.He was dressed as a Chinese migrant worker in the early 21st century, wearing a camouflage undershirt, and slung over his shoulder a bulging black canvas bag, which was also a common cheap computer bag on the streets in the early 21st century.Wear a wide-brimmed wicker hard hat for shade.Two people in blue overalls, one old and one young, followed behind.Both of them were carrying half-new yellow-green satchels, the color of which was already mottled.The old one held a big oil-paper umbrella in his hand, and the young one held a bamboo tube in his hand.

Not long after, the three of them had already reached the south gate of the factory area.There used to be a cannon tower here.When the situation was tense before the second campaign against encirclement and suppression, a second gate was built inside the gate, just like the Wengcheng.Crowds coming to work entering the first door are like going through airport security checks. They line up along the railings, and they can only be let in after being searched one by one.On the top of the Erdao Gate, there are soldiers with guns staring at the crowd.

Now Erdaomen is still there, and the procedures for soldiers and body searches are gone.Both doors are open during the rush hour, and only a few guards are keeping an eye on the crowd.It's not off-duty time, and no one comes in or out at the gate.Lin Hanlong took out his pass, and the two followers behind him also took out their bamboo badges.The guards didn't stop them, they just checked the time and wrote down a few entries in the entry and exit register.

A rail system is laid in the industrial zone to transport workers, equipment and materials.The original gas locomotive has been officially replaced with a steam locomotive, and Meteor 10 is dragging the wagon of the gondola wheezingly, traveling at a speed of 20-[-] kilometers on the track.

The steaming front of the car, the criss-crossing railroad tracks, the iron-wood frame structure pedestrian bridge on the road, and the crowd in blue overalls on the road and on the wagon build a rough but specific microcosm of industrialization.The sirens sounded one after another, and the tweeters in the factory area kept playing music: "We Workers Have Power" and other songs listed as "anthems" by the Cultural and Propaganda Department.From time to time, the high-pitched but non-standard Mandarin broadcast of a female announcer will come from the tweeter. The content is nothing more than what new achievements a certain workshop has achieved today, which worker has broken the production quota... forming a chaotic song. But the vibrant voice of industry.

Lin Hanlong stopped on the No. 6 platform at the entrance of the factory, and habitually looked at the stop sign: the Ministry of Science and Technology is the last stop.
The small commuter train runs every 15 minutes, in addition to pulling people and loading goods.The small gondola for carrying passengers is very simple, only guardrails are added around the gondola, and two rows of wooden backrest benches are installed.Sitting on it can fully enjoy the noise of the factory area and the soot-smelling air.

Lin Hanlong, like many veterans who work in the industrial area, usually takes the small train in the factory area or simply walks or rides a bicycle. This is not to deliberately express "closeness to the people", but it is just a habit they brought from the old time and space.

After getting off at the Ministry of Science and Technology Station, Lin Hanlong walked for about 10 minutes before arriving in front of a factory building. The black-painted sign on the white background at the entrance of the factory building reads "Optical Experimental Factory of the Ministry of Science and Technology".This is the location of the new optical industry approved by the executive committee, and the person in charge is Lin Hanlong.It is said that the optical factory is actually a workshop.

The Ministry of Science and Technology originally had several vacant workshops. Lin Hanlong picked one with a suitable size, and first asked a construction company to "decorate" the interior. In fact, it separated the interior space and installed some special equipment.Then he installed the mechanical equipment manufactured for him by the machinery factory one by one.It is also small in scale.

There are not many people in the workshop.Light is cast from rows of windows near the roof.It looked fairly bright.The workshop is very quiet - the optics factory is not officially in operation yet, and basically operates according to Lin Hanlong's schedule.Lin Hanlong participated in several meetings of the Industrial and Energy Committee this morning to discuss the technical route, and in the afternoon he went to the machinery factory to help solve some problems.It didn't end until almost three o'clock.Only then did he turn his attention to the work of the optics factory.

Walking into the workshop, he noticed that the valve of the gas lamp was turned off—two days ago, a night shift worker in a workshop did not close the valve of the gas lamp when he got off work in the morning, which turned out to be a typical example in the "Safety Bulletin".Safety education really has to be done frequently.

(End of this chapter)