my head

Stalin once predicted, "In two or three years, our country will become one of the countries with the most grain in the world, or even the country with the most grain in the world."But his prophecy fell flat.The Russians have not seen a boom in agriculture and animal husbandry so far, and have to rely more and more on imported grain and food.

A country must not deviate from reality when formulating relevant policies, let alone blindly pursue formalities, but should start from making farmers obtain real benefits.

The masses of the people are not a tool of politics, not a vassal of politics, but the main body of the country and the cornerstone of society.No reform can be divorced from the fundamental interests of the people.Otherwise, any reform will eventually end in failure.

As the production team leader, Ivan had to work together after the collective farms were implemented in the entire production team. As a result, the people who used to be very diligent in farming their own land suddenly became very lazy. It can be blown for a long time, but the ground is not turned over, which is not bad. It is common for gods to piss and poop. These pee and poop people go there for a whole morning, and they will come back when work is over. up.

Soon the food crisis came, because everyone was lazy, the food produced was naturally less, and the public grain to the country had to be paid. After the public grain was paid, all the grain was not enough to feed the entire production team for half a year. As a result, that year Ivan’s production team starved to death more than a dozen adults and 200 children, and Ivan’s production team had a total of just over [-] people, almost reducing the population by one-fifth.

Later Kudaria Maximovna Izotova (born in 1909) recalled:

"My parents remember serfdom very well. When I was born, they worked for the landlords. We were often hungry. A fire destroyed our home. We came to Siberia. We came from the whole village, 12 families I lived in Ivanovka village near Novosibirsk. There are many wild animals here. I went to the forest to pick eggs. I picked a lot of them. Everyone built bungalows with two rooms separated by the main wall. We started our own family business. Three years later. Each family had at least 6 cows. There were a lot of livestock. We are not very rich. But we can be called rich in life. The sweets made for the children are various: butter sweet bread , figure-eight sweet rolls, rolled scones with jam. We weaved and sewed our own clothes, and the girls were all dressed up, and we prepared the dowry ourselves.

When the famine of the 30s came, I was married and had a family.My husband and I were already working on the collective farm.We were forced to join.The cows were all confiscated.Thinking about it now makes me feel scared.However, all the well-to-do farmers will have their land and means of production confiscated.The most puzzling thing is our hard-earned family business.All confiscated.People began to suffer from edema, and the people from above ransacked them wantonly, leaving only a little grain for growing, and not giving them rations.My own vegetable garden has become a life-saving straw, but how can I have time to take care of it?From dawn to dusk, all work in the farm.Send us half a loaf of bread every week.They are all cotton-padded jackets.There were plenty of them in decent overcoat shops, but where did the farmers have money to buy them?

When the collective farm was founded, the plague was prevalent.death toll.Among them, infants, especially breastfeeding infants, are in the majority.Because the mother gave birth to a child, she had to work on the farm two weeks later.I just died 9 nursing babies.It was the collective farms that killed a lot of people!One of my two-year-old daughters died of measles.My husband Novan died of illness after 10 years of our life together.He is a born melancholic psychopath.I was alone. [

I worked as a milkman throughout the war.Later, she remarried in Yerekayevo and gave birth to a son in 1945.I have long since retired.Even my son is retired.We never heard of pensions in the collective farms.Keep working as long as you can move.We never rested a day.I don't even know what vacation is.What beach, nursing home, only seen in the movie, let alone go abroad. "

From the descriptions of witnesses, we know that the historical collectivization of Soviet agriculture was full of violence and blood.Before and after collectivization, it can be described as a world of ice and fire, which may be the common feeling of most dictators.The originally thriving countryside, where people lived and worked in peace and contentment, suddenly became a hell on earth where there was hunger and cold, and life was worse than death.What almost everyone is telling is a tragedy.This is not just a tragedy for a certain family or a village, but a tragedy for an entire nation.Many interviewees asked the question: Why should farmers' means of production and land be confiscated?Why are collective farm members so poor?Why violence against them?

Unbeknownst to people, the Bolshevik leaders were obsessed with smashing the old world.At the end of the 20s, they terminated the New Economic Policy, resorted to violence, and enforced the complete collectivization of agriculture.Put all the peasants into the abyss of pain.Collectivization became an out-and-out genocide against the peasantry, and the victims were the best parts of the countryside: the wealthiest, most innovative, ablest and most children.In its place came the collective farmer, a man who had no interest in his labor and who belonged to the collective farm like a serf.Since then, Soviet agriculture has been in a slump and has become a weakness in the national economy, dragging down the entire economy and burying hidden dangers for the country's development.In the end, it has reached the point where oil exports are exchanged for food.In the mid-30s, the price of oil in the international market plummeted, and the Soviet Union encountered a serious balance of payments and financial system crisis, which developed into a comprehensive economic crisis.

Ivan can't change this situation, he can only follow the trend of the times. People in the production team starve to death every year, and as a result, a large number of babies are born. The population of Ivan's production team began to experience a large negative growth. By 1940 In 200, the number of employees decreased from 120 to more than [-].

Suddenly the war broke out, and the advance speed of Germany was too fast. Ivan had already received an order to let all men aged 16-50 from the whole production team join the army, but before they left, the Germans arrived. At first, Ivan’s collective farm The peasants here still hoped for the Germans, hoping to liberate them from the collective farms, but they were disappointed. The officers of the German Wehrmacht continued to use the collective farms, and the only livestock in the production team was looted.

Ivan, a party member, didn’t want to resist at first. If there is no farm cattle, use manpower. People always have to live. However, the German Wehrmacht is more vicious and asks for more food. If the people on the farm resist or are killed Soldiers of the National Defense Forces who search for food are likely to face being directly killed 100 people.

And the members of Ivan's production team, there were also some hot-tempered people, and finally killed one or two soldiers of the Wehrmacht. Now Ivan had no choice but to find the leftovers of the Soviet army from the cellar. Some of the weapons they had, and those without weapons used spears, which started the guerrilla career of the entire production team.

The members of Ivan's production team were born and raised here. They are familiar with every piece of land here. For them, the German siege is like playing hide-and-seek. The team continued to expand, and the weapons were gradually enriched. You must know that the weapons abandoned by the Soviet army when they fled were scattered all over the mountains and plains.

Ivan's guerrilla team quickly developed to more than 500 combatants, each with a weapon, which gave Ivan the courage to rob the warehouse of the Wehrmacht, and it was commonplace to attack the station and blow up the railway. There is nothing they can do.

But in June, the situation outside changed. The German Wehrmacht retreated, and all the Soviet soldiers in black uniforms came, but their logo Ivan still recognized. It was the uniform of the German SS. Ivan was a little confused why the Soviets put on the clothes of the German invaders.

After these Russian SS troops arrived, they carried out a lot of propaganda, distributed leaflets everywhere, such as "land policy", "democratic elections", "pardon regulations", and members of Ivan's guerrillas also picked up a lot in the forest , when some members of the guerrillas saw these leaflets, they began to waver, and dozens of people fled that night, and they went home to divide the land.

There is no political commissar here in Ivan, and the organization is not strict. Besides, everyone is from the village, so they will not arrest and shoot the escaped people like the army. After a few days, those escaped people will come back. And they also brought the letter of persuasion from the Russian SS and the letter of pardon. When these escaped people returned to the village, they were all allocated land, and some were even elected as village chiefs and other positions.

Now Ivan's guerrillas are even more unstable, because many of the guerrillas are families who fled and dragged their children along. Those parents don't think about their children. If they go back late and have no land to divide, then their own Do children have to stay in this mountain forest for the rest of their lives? Ivan’s guerrillas have almost run away by 90.00%. In the end, there are more than 50 people left in Ivan. , but dare not go back.

Soon the Russian SS began to encircle and suppress Ivan and the others. Among the people who were encircled and suppressed were Ivan and his former guerrillas. Within a few days, more than 50 of Ivan's [-] people were killed, and the remaining [-] or so were also surrounded on a hill. The Russian SS began its final discussion to persuade them to surrender.

Ivan had no choice but to take the remaining 20 or so people down the mountain and surrender to the Russian SS. For these most stubborn people, the newly established Russian government quickly made a decision against Ivan and the others. In the trial, Ivan, as the leader of the guerrillas, did not voluntarily surrender, but was forced to lay down his arms under the circumstances. Therefore, Ivan was sentenced to ten years in prison, and the remaining [-] people were sentenced to three to five years in prison. [

... (To be continued..)