The Four Steps to the Sky

They crossed the equator after staying at Cape Verde, and Darwin was given the ritual of shaving—painted, asphalted, shaved, and then pressed into sails filled with seawater, a ritual new crew members must undergo.

A trade wind sent the Beagle to Brazil, anchored at Bahia, and Darwin landed at El Salvador.He wandered among the forests and was intoxicated by the beauty here, confirming Humboldt's description.

He wrote in his diary: No one can imagine such a beautiful view as the ancient town of Bahia, completely surrounded by a dense forest of beautiful trees, on the cliff coast overlooking the wide Bay of All Saints The calm waters in it are one of the most beautiful landscapes in Brazil.

But none but those who have experienced it can comprehend the ecstasy of walking among such flowers and such trees.

Back in town the carnival was going on.All the drudgery was done by blacks. Tory Fitzroy thought it was reasonable. He said that he once asked a slave owner if he asked his slaves whether they were dissatisfied with the status quo and whether they wanted freedom. The slaves replied No. [

Darwin, who tended to the Whig Party, couldn't understand it, and thought that the slaves should be freed. What the slaves said in front of the slave owners was meaningless. The captain was enraged and left in a huff.

Fitzroy later apologized to Darwin and the two reconciled.Darwin dined with Fitzroy in the captain's cabin, and was respected by his fellow travelers, and the young men began to address him as sir, and the officers as dear old philosopher, our flycatcher.

The Beagle again, heading south along the coast, arrived in Rio de Janeiro after surveying near the Abrolhos Islands.Letters from his family told him that his sister Charlotte had married a vicar, and that his former girlfriend, Fanny, had also married a rich man in March.

Darwin mourns for Fanny.Throwing in a trip to the outback.One of the traveling companions was a slave owner. Although he was very friendly to Darwin, he planned to break up 30 slave families and auction them off. This behavior made Darwin once again filled with righteous indignation.

He came to Botafougou, and when he went ashore, he found that his books, instruments and firearms were all soaked in the water due to the waves, and he had to spend a day to deal with them.

The Beagle went to Bahia to check the longitude, and there was no news for several weeks.Darwin was busy catching prey and making specimens while staying there, and wrote letters to Henslow, Fox and others at night.

When the Beagle returned to sail again, with new cannons installed on board, three crew members, including Masters, fell ill and died, and McCormick also resigned and returned home.Attended the service aboard the battleship HMS Dire War.

The Beagle left the tropics and continued south.Sailing into the Gulf of La Plata, Darwin landed in Montevideo the next day.He made specimens of some beetles collected in the outer suburbs, some sent home, and the most important ones were sent to Henslow.

The Beagle sailed away from La Plata to survey the coast, but encountered stormy weather and twice broke anchor.Their ship finally sailed into the port of Blanca.There Fitzroy met Harrison, an unreliable sailing owner, who guided the Beagle to a safe berth.

Darwin sailed upstream and encountered the gauchos for the first time.During the hunting, he tasted novel delicacies such as rhea, armadillo and agouti.

In search of Alta Plateau.He found some huge fossils of extinct mammals.He also brought back a mandible, which he believed belonged to a prediluvial ground otter.

The Beagle returned to Montevideo again, and Fitzroy was going to send three Fuegians and one Englishman to preach on Fuego.

The naval survey ship Beagle (begle, also translated as the Beagle) carried out a five-year (1831-1836) exploration activity.During this period Darwin spent two-thirds of his time on land.

He carefully recorded a large number of geographical phenomena, fossils, and living organisms, and systematically collected many specimens.Many of them are new species to science.

Periodically he sent specimens collected during these voyages to the University of Cambridge, along with letters recording the discoveries, and he soon became a naturalist of great acclaim.These exhaustive accounts of Darwin's explorations revealed the astonishing genius of a theory-builder and became the theoretical basis for his later work.

His travelogue, originally written for his family, is later

After the earthquake in Chile, he found that the shell's bed base was high on the tide, suggesting that the land had been raised.

High in the Andes, he found fossilized trees standing on a sandy beach surrounded by pieces of sea shells.After the Beagle explored the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, he argued that these coral atolls were formed on sunken volcanoes.

In South America, Darwin discovered and excavated some extinct fossils of giant mammals, quite a few of which were not in geological formations with violent weather changes and disasters.

And the skull of an animal seemed to him to be that of an African rhinoceros.In addition, he determined that some of the animal carapaces came from a prehistoric giant armadillo two to three times the size of a common armadillo in the region, but was misled to believe that it was part of the remains of a giant sloth found nearby.

In Ryle's second book, the creation of all things is attributed, and Darwin, who was thinking ahead of his time by this time, was puzzled by it.

The last time the Beagle came to Fuego, the three Indians (Native Americans) were sent back to their hometown and became missionaries.

During their two years in the UK, they received traditional British education and entered a familiar civilized society. However, their relatives were hopeless to Darwin and an insult to human beings.

A year later, the missionary mission was forgotten by them, and only Jamie Button told them that he would rather live a difficult life than return to England.

Because of this incident, Darwin reconsidered human beings, and he came to the conclusion that although human beings are advanced animals, the nature of animals has not been lost as his friends said, and he understood that the evolution of every civilization is Different, not determined by race.

When he saw the atrocities committed by European settlers against indigenous peoples in South America, New Zealand and Australia, he strongly opposed slavery and lamented the brutality.

Captain Fitzroy had been writing the official days of the Beagle's voyage, and at the end of the trip he read Darwin's journals, which he then reworked for the third volume of the Natural History.

Darwin's family tended to disobey the Church of England at the time, and his grandfather, father and brother were all free thinkers.Against this background, Darwin still believed in the Bible when he was a child, and even later studied theology at Cambridge University and became a pastor.

At this time, he believed in a set of "Teleological Proofs" that demonstrated the existence of God based on the mysteries of the constitution of nature.Later, during his trip on the Beagle, Darwin realized that there are many different species in the world, and the characteristics and habits of these species are explained by the Bible.

For example, there is a kind of Vespa caterpillar and eggs in its body, and the eggs become parasites and kill the host. It is believed that this contradicts the teaching of "Proof of Teleology" that nature is the manifestation of God's goodwill.

Even so, Darwin would still cite the Bible as a moral authority, but criticized some historical statements in the Old Testament.

When Darwin studied the evolution of species, the social meaning derived from the behavior of species was often regarded by dissidents and theists as a means of attacking the theory of the Church of England.

Darwin believed that religious belief is actually a survival strategy for biological groups, although at this time he still believed that God is the ultimate natural law maker.

After the death of his daughter Anne in 1851, Darwin's faith waned and he became skeptical.At this time, although he continued to assist with some church affairs, he no longer attended church on Sundays.

He tends to believe that suffering is a law of nature, more than a trial of God.When he was asked about his religious orientation, he pointed out that he was never a theist, but agnostic was a more accurate description of his mind.

Darwin also stated in his autobiography that the authenticity of the Gospels was doubtful, and he did not have sufficient evidence to believe that Christianity is the teaching of God. [