The Four Steps to the Sky

One of the devil's rebels, the floating pot space──Tao Yuanming (one of the guardians of the devil, because when the peerless king of Xiaoyao roamed around the world, Tao Yuanming appreciated his world-forgetting realm and his love for each other)

Tao Yuanming (365─427), also known as Qian, or Yuanming.In the first Jin Dynasty, the name was Yuanming, and the character was bright. After entering the Liu Song Dynasty, it was renamed Qian.Tang people avoided the taboo of Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty and called him Tao Shenming or Tao Quanming.Self-named Mr. Wuliu, privately posthumously named Mr. Jingjie (Tao Zhengshi).

A native of Chaisang, Xunyang (now in the southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi).Jin Dynasty scholar.He is famous all over the world for his fresh and natural poems.Related works are

: "Biography of Mr. Wuliu", "Biography of Mr. Shi Mengfu, General of the Jin Dynasty to Conquer the West", "Praise for the Painting on the Fan", "Nine Chapters of Reading History", "Shu with Zi et al", "Sacrifice to Cheng's Sister ", "Sacrifice Congdi Respect Members", "Self Sacrifice".

Tuo: It was written by Tao Qian on the old title of the ten volumes of "Shen Houji", a novel about ghosts and monsters written in the Southern Dynasties.Lu Xun believed that Tao Qian's broad-mindedness may not be able to fight ghosts and gods, and Gaituo also. .

The ten volumes of Tao Qian Ji compiled by Yangxiu in the Northern Qi Dynasty were included in "Five Filial Piety Biography" and "Sibamu".Ji Xiao's "Summary of Siku Quanshu" pointed out that "Five Filial Piety Biography" and "Sibamu" are the support.

: "Heart Carving Dragon" is China's first systematic art theory masterpiece, and it is also a work of theoretical criticism. It was completed during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of China, and the author is Liu Xie.

"Heart Carved Dragon" is the most sophisticated critical book ever written in China. wind.Liu Xie read everything, so the book's arguments are very extensive.

"Heart Carving Dragon" was written by Liu Xie in the later period of his entry into Dinglin Temple. It was written when Chi was born. He once helped monks sort out Buddhist scriptures. Some scholars believe that "Heart Carving Dragon" was somewhat influenced by Buddhist thought.

Jao Tsung-i's "Heart Carved Dragon" and Buddhism: The arrangement of his academic theory is based on the foundation of Buddhism.The word "primary and final" used by the monk is used four times in "Xin Diao Long".

Japanese scholar Xing Shanhong cited the similarities between "Heart Carved Dragon" and "Chu San Zang Ji Ji".In fact, the whole book "Carving a Dragon in the Heart" is greatly influenced by the dualistic philosophy of "Book of Changes".

Liu Xie was dissatisfied with the formalistic creations of the time, and also dissatisfied with the fine-grained academic criticism of his predecessors.He was inspired by the selection of comics at that time, and he had the ambition to make a statement: to establish a theoretical system of learning.

"Carving a Dragon in the Heart" promotes Confucianism. The first five chapters include Yuandao, Zhengsheng, Zongjing, Zhengwei, and Biansao.

"Heart Carved Dragon" advocates equal emphasis on quality, and requires both content and form; the works of excellent writers must be able to achieve the level of indestructible quality and the level of being unfailing.

The book advocates natural learning to correct the obscene style of the time; advocates authentic learning to correct the current style of moaning; and advocates the creation of learning to correct the current style of plagiarism.

"Heart Carving Dragon" discusses the relationship between learning and environment, and learning is influenced by social environment and natural environment.

Theorists before Liu Xie, such as Cao Pi and Lu Ji, all used genius as the determinant of creation.On the one hand, Liu Xie acknowledged the importance of talent and nature, but he also believed that the various changes in learning were mainly due to the external social environment, that is, the so-called changes in the world, and the rise and fall of time.

He also noticed the influence of climate, seasons and mountains and rivers on writers.

"Heart Carving Dragon" established critical comments.Regarding the self-cultivation of critics, in the Zhiyin chapter, Liu Xie pointed out that critics should be knowledgeable and improve their ability to discriminate.

Therefore, the image of Yuanzhao should be viewed first.Regarding the attitude of critics, Liu Xie believes that one should not honor the past and despise the present, one should not exalt oneself and suppress others, one must abandon subjective prejudices of likes and dislikes.

Regarding the standard of criticism, Liu Xie put forward the six views, and when reading the feelings, first standard the six views.The first view is the position and body, the second view is the speech, the third view is the general change, the fourth view is the strange and upright, the fifth view is the event, and the sixth view is the palace business.Since the technique is in shape, the advantages and disadvantages can be seen.

"Heart Carved Dragon" explores the genre's genre, and initially establishes the concept of analyzing and criticizing studies from a historical perspective.The book expounds the academic proposition that quality comes first and quality is equal, and it comprehensively clarifies the relationship between content and form.

Summarize the experience of creation from every link and aspect of creation, and initially establish the methodology of learning criticism. [

"Heart Carved Dragon" aroused the criticism of later generations for the style of emphasizing form and ignoring content, and it also showed the literary creation and criticism of later generations.