The Four Steps to the Sky

Aristotle believed that all ethical virtue comes from striking a balance between excess and want.

However, this does not mean that Aristotle believed in moral relativism.He classifies several emotions (e.g. hate, envy, envy, etc.) and several acts (e.g. adultery, theft, murder, etc.) on the wrong side, regardless of the circumstances under which they arise.

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subsequently.City-states are not created to avoid injustice or economic stability, but to live a good life: political partnership must be respected, it exists for noble conduct, not for living together.

This can be distinguished from social contract theory, which claims that individuals abandon the state of nature out of fear of sudden death or aversion to trouble.

This also makes Aristotle the No. 1 who distinguishes ethics from politics, and is the pioneer of ancient politics.

Aristotle left behind one of the most complete and influential philosophical systems, perhaps more than any other thinker in history.

He independently founded logic, biology, and psychology, and he also predicted the coming of the industrial revolution in his book "Politics" 2000 years ago: If every machine can make its own parts, obey the human will Instructions and plans If the shuttle could fly back and forth by itself, and if the plectrum could play the harp by itself, completely without human control, the foreman would no longer need to lead the workers, and the slave master would no longer need to direct the slaves.

Scholastic thinkers such as Thomas and Aquinas called Aristotle a philosopher. These thinkers mixed Aristotle’s philosophy with Christian thought and brought ancient Greek philosophy into the Middle Ages.

However, in the process of mixing, they also had to abandon some Aristotelian principles of science and art, lest Christian thought conflict with modern scientific laws and observation laws.

The medieval British poet Chaucer once described his students: on his bed, there are twenty books with black or red covers, hiding Aristotle and his philosophy.

The Italian poet Dante placed Aristotle in the first level of hell: I saw people skilled in various arts, and in the circle of philosophers, with my admiration and reverence, I saw Plato and Socrates, he stood closest to Plato.

The later German philosopher Nietzsche once said that his philosophical thoughts came almost entirely from Aristotle.Aristotle's ethical and moral principles have also been absorbed and carried forward by some modern philosophers such as Ayn and Rand.

Although Aristotle wrote many classic treatises and dialogues (Cicero once called Aristotle's works a series of gold), most of his writings are lost today, while the few that survive Its authenticity is also often questioned.Aristotle's works have been lost and found several times throughout history.

After the end of the Roman period, the works of Aristotle suffered a second major loss in the Western world.This time, however, many Muslim scholars and philosophers of the East have preserved his work, many of whom have also extensively studied and commented on his work.

Aristotle's works became an important basis for the Farsafa movement in Islamic philosophy, and also influenced the thoughts of Avicenna, Yavihou and others.

When the influence of the Farsafa movement spread to the Western world, Gerard, the translator from Cremona, began translating Aristotle.

William of Moorbeck also translated some works into Latin.When Thomas Aquinas wrote his theology, he began to read Moorbeck's translation, and then the interest and study of Aristotle's thought began in the Western world, and the Aristotelian school was able to reappear in Europe . (To be continued. If you like this work, you are welcome to come to the starting point to vote, monthly pass, your support is my biggest motivation. Mobile phone users, please go to read.)