Capital Datang

Although Liuqiu and Dengzhou are both under the jurisdiction of Li Yin, there is an obvious difference, that is, Liuqiu is not the territory of Tang Dynasty. To be precise, it should be Li Yin's private territory. belongs to Li Yin.It can be said that he can do whatever he wants, and no one can control him. In this way, Li Yin no longer has to be restrained like Dengzhou, and can only carry out reforms within the Datang system.

After Wang An came back, the first thing Li Yin did was to determine the official name of Liuqiu Dadao. Although Liuqiu was a good name, and many people agreed with it, there was an ambiguity, that is, Liuqiu Dadao There is an island chain to the north, which is the Ryukyu Islands of later generations, but in the Tang Dynasty, it was also called Liuqiu. That is to say, in the eyes of most Han people, Taiwan Island and the Ryukyu Islands of later generations are a This is obviously a cognitive error, so in order to distinguish these two places, Li Yin decided to advance the name of Taiwan, which only appeared in the Ming Dynasty, as the official name of Liuqiu Island.

The rulers of the Central Plains Dynasty all had the evil taste of "randomly" changing place names. From ancient times to the present, a place may have no less than seven or eight names. Therefore, Li Yin's move to change Liuqiu to Taiwan is reflected in Wang An and Yanbei's poems and books. From my point of view, it is also a very normal thing, and Li Yin also came up with a legitimate reason, so I did not object. In all official documents under Li Yin's rule, Taiwan will be used instead of Liuqiu.

After the name is determined, the next step is the division of administrative regions. Although the area of ​​the entire island of Taiwan is not small, it is at most larger than some of the upper states of Datang, so in the end Taiwan is designated as a state-level The administrative region governs several counties such as Taipei, Tainan, Taitung, and Penghu. Although the names of these counties are the same as those of later generations, the area of ​​each county is much larger. After all, there are very few entrances on the island, and the large Part of it is barren land, and there is no need to divide it so finely.

After the division of administrative regions, the next step is the implementation of the law. There is no difficulty in this point. The laws of the Tang Dynasty are already very good, and they can be used after modification. The key is the appointment of officials.Like Datang, Taiwan's highest chief executive is still the governor, but there is no suitable candidate for the governor's position. Although Cui Wei performed well, he has no qualifications in Taiwan. Lu Qing's subordinates were dissatisfied, so in the end, Li Yin was temporarily appointed as the governor of Taiwan, and then Cui Wei was appointed as the governor. When Li Yin was not in Taiwan, he would act as the governor of Taiwan.Capital Datang 256

In fact, in the past two years, it is estimated that Li Yin will rarely come to Taiwan, so Cui Wei is almost the governor, but as long as he is not formally appointed, he will not arouse the jealousy of others.

The government office of Taiwan is tentatively set in Keelung City, and the governor's mansion is the place where Li Min lives temporarily. In addition, the governors under the governor, Sigong, Sicang, and Sihu are all available, and the county-level administrative agencies are almost nothing too big. The change.However, in the entire administrative organization of Taiwan, Li Yin made a fundamental reform, that is, to eliminate the difference between officials and officials.

The so-called officials are those who have ranks. From the first rank to the lowest rank nine, each rank is divided into two ranks: positive and subordinate, and from the fourth rank below, each rank is divided into upper and lower ranks. There are [-] levels of officials in the Tang Dynasty, and each level is very different from the upper and lower levels. It can be said that the hierarchy is strict.However, Li Yin felt that such a grading system was too troublesome, so he simply removed all the positive, subordinate, upper, and lower grades, leaving only nine grades from first grade to ninth grade.

In addition to the official officials above, if an administrative agency wants to operate, it needs another official who is not an official, that is, the official. The system, taking Datang as an example, the smallest administrative unit is the county. There are county magistrates, county magistrates, master books and county lieutenants in the county. Together, there are only four high-ranking officials. However, if a county wants to operate, Four people are definitely not enough, so we have to recruit. Some of them are clerks, six house managers, and so on. They are the so-called officials. .

It's just that officials are different from officials. Officials are appointed by the court, and their salaries are also issued by the court.But officials are different. Officials are recruited by local officials themselves. At most, they can just report to the Ministry of Officials. The central "government" has no control over these, and the salaries of these officials are also distributed by local officials. The central court doesn't have much to do with it. At most, the central court will acquiesce in local officials withholding part of the tax revenue as their salaries and other administrative expenses.

But in this way, it is easy for corruption and corruption to occur. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, corruption became common in later generations. A large part of the reason is that local officials have the power to withhold tax revenue.In addition, officials are also quite discriminated against politically. For example, like merchants, descendants cannot participate in scientific examinations and so on.

At the beginning, Li Yin really didn't know that there was such a big difference between officials and officials in ancient times. It wasn't until he was the governor of Dengzhou that he gradually figured out the difference. At that time, he wanted to reform this phenomenon. Unfortunately, After all, Dengzhou is the territory of the Tang Dynasty. Although he is a prince, he still has no way to change the political system of such a big country, so he has no choice but to give up. It is not until now that he has a place that is completely his own, that he can finally let go. Open hands and feet.

First of all, Li Min took back all the right to distribute the salaries of officials and officials, and distributed them uniformly by the Qi Palace, and recruited officials by the Qi Palace. At the same time, he also eliminated some discriminatory policies against officials.In addition, the most important thing is that Li Min changed the selection method of officials on the grounds that there are fewer students in Taiwan. Instead of learning the imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty, he directly selected officials from among the officials, which opened up the relationship between officials and officials. promotion channels.

In fact, the Tang Dynasty also had the practice of being promoted from an official to an official, and there was a special name called flowing out and entering the inside. Liuwai refers to officials, and Liuin refers to officials. In fact, it means entering from outside the system into the system, but this This kind of situation is relatively rare, and the promotion from official to official is also subject to great restrictions. For example, some official positions cannot be held, and they cannot enter the third rank, etc. It can be said that they are quite discriminated against.But now it's good, Li Yin has directly used the promotion of officials as a main selection mechanism. Although this made some traditional officials such as Cui Wei a little dissatisfied, but because there are precedents in the Tang Dynasty, he did not insist on opposing it.

The advantage of selecting officials from among the officials is that most of the promoted officials have experience in grassroots work and are familiar with their own work. They will not be like those who are hard-educated, who do not know how to administer after becoming officials, and have to ask the officials around them for advice. .Of course, there are also some disadvantages in doing so, such as it may cause differences in the educational level of officials, and it is also easy to form cliques for personal gain and so on.

For this situation, Li Yin also made corresponding preparations, that is, to set up a brand new institution in Taiwan, which is the Taiwan Metropolitan Procuratorate, and the dean is Chen Gong recommended by Yang Yan.In fact, it is not new to say that the function of this Metropolitan Procuratorate is actually similar to that of the Yushitai in the Tang Dynasty. It is used to supervise and inspect officials, but its function is more single. , must be approved by the assassin, and then implemented by a special agency, which in turn involves another new department, that is, the Police Academy.

As mentioned earlier, the officials in the administrative organization are also appointed by the Qi Palace, and are no longer recruited by local officials. In addition to the officials, there is also a special class of yamen servants.Although officials have no grades, they are formal official members at any rate, while yamen servants are different, almost belonging to the class of untouchables, similar to the status of slaves.It's just that their responsibilities are not small at all, and they are burdened with complicated tasks such as public security, tax collection, and food collection.

For this special class, Li Yin made even bigger changes. He directly separated the biggest job function of the yamen servants, that is, the public security function, and set up a police headquarters in Keelung. Each county has branches to manage the entire island. All the policemen, these policemen are responsible for public security. Although the dean of the branch is nominally a subordinate of the county magistrate, he has the power to enforce the law. Even if he receives an arrest warrant signed by the governor, he can directly arrest anyone under his rule They were taken on the spot, including the county magistrate.Among them, the highest officer of the Police Headquarters is called the chief, and is at the same level as the chief of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, only under his leadership. Now, Zhu Meng, who was recommended by Yang Wei, is temporarily in charge.

In fact, in the final analysis, the Metropolitan Procuratorate and the Police Academy established by Li Yin are to separate administrative power from judicial power and form a complete judicial institution with the legal cao among the six Cao Caos in a state. The reason why Chen Gong and Zhu Meng were separated Serving as the highest officials of the two houses is also to form a check against the original squad members such as Cui Wei and Lu Qing.At first, Li Yin wanted to set up a court, but then I thought about it, Taiwan is only a state, and there are lawyers in the first place. If we set up another court, the rights will overlap, so we just strengthen the functions of the lawyers. When the territory expands in the future, it will not be too late to set up a higher level of judiciary.

The separation of judicial power and administrative power has led to major or minor changes in the rights of the original "government" agencies, and the rights of many departments have been greatly reduced. If it is placed in a mature political organization like Datang Within the system, there will definitely be endless resistance, and Taiwan is originally poor and white, and even under Lu Qing's governance, many institutions were not established at all, so the changes above Li Yin did not encounter much resistance , and only Cui Wei and the exiled officials raised some objections, but they were all overwhelmed by Li Yin.

After the administrative and judicial matters are settled, the next step is military reform, which is a top priority. For this reason, Li Yin specially called Lu Qing, Hu Li, and Zhou Longsan together, and discussed several times in a row. After death, finally there is a rough result. (to be continued)