The leisurely life of rebirth.

Shock therapy has three steps: one is to liberalize prices, the other is to tighten fiscal and monetary policies, and the third is large-scale privatization.

The first two bring about skyrocketing prices and currency debasement.

And the third is large-scale privatization.From the perspective of the new government, the reason why the reform is full of dangers is that the state-owned enterprises are not market players, the competition mechanism does not work, and the price reform is like a tower built in the sand.

For the reform of state-owned enterprises, the most convenient way is to privatize them. If the enterprise becomes personal, is there any reason why it cannot be done well?In order to speed up the progress of privatization, the government's initial approach was to compensate the gift.Therefore, after evaluation by experts, the total value of Russia's state-owned property is 15 trillion rubles, and the population is exactly 15 billion. In the past, the property belonged to everyone, but now it is distributed to individuals, and everyone has a share.

So each Russian received a 1 ruble privatization securities, which can be used to purchase shares freely.However, when the privatization was officially launched, ten months had passed, and times had changed. At this time, 1 rubles were only enough to buy a pair of high-end leather shoes. [

If this plan fails, another plan will be made.If you can't deliver it, then sell it at a low price.As a result, a large number of state-owned enterprises fell into the hands of the privileged class and nouveau riche.What they are most concerned about is not the long-term development of the enterprise, but the quick profit from the sale. Employees do not receive dividends, but they also have the right to participate in decision-making. They are monks who beat the clock all day, and the production and management personnel intervene.

The Russian government's hesitant implementation of shock therapy, in addition to eager to make contributions, an important reason is to win the favor of "friendly countries" and obtain some benefits from Western developed countries.However, the countries that originally promised to provide assistance are now standing by and paying lip service. The $240 billion package of loans has not been put in place, and the $60 billion stable ruble fund is even far away.

Russia regards shock therapy as a panacea and wanted to achieve it in one step.Create a miracle of system transition.But the treatment plan of Bolivia, a small country in South America, is not the right medicine for Russia, a big European country.Russia does not occupy any of these conditions, but it wants to eat a fat man with one mouthful. The government will make a big move and engage in spontaneous market regulation, thinking that what is sown is the dragon seed.But in the end the harvest was fleas.

The shock therapy, which had only been implemented for one year, immediately failed, and Russia paid a heavy price.

Shock therapy has mixed reputation and reputation. Some people think that it has created many "kleptocrats", and some people think that it has at least put Russia on the road to a market economy.After shock therapy, the patient in Russia has at least moved his feet...

“Private ownership is inherently sound, and government planning is ridiculous,” is the view widely embraced by the newly formed Kremlin leadership, which envisions the U.S. as a paragon of efficient capitalism, a country willing to help Russia develop. Economies and progressively successful friendly nations.

Based on this imagination, a grotesque logic emerges: if Russia wants to become as rich as the United States.Then you must follow the advice of American diplomats and economists-if Russia becomes rich, it is naturally best.If the country is still poor, it only shows that the root of the problem is that the Russians have not taken the advice of the West seriously enough.

This grotesque logic sounds ridiculous, doesn't it?But in the post-disintegration of the Soviet Union, from the end of the 80s to the end of the 90s, this logic was believed by almost every Russian.

However, in later generations, the effect of "shock therapy" does not seem to be good in terms of facts.However, such a major reform that affects the future and destiny of the entire country cannot be viewed in isolation.In the short term.It’s like a surgical operation, only looking at the part and the current situation, it’s a mess: the skin is cut open, the flesh is cut open, so many metal instruments are tossed in the cranial cavity, chest cavity, and abdominal cavity, and even organs are removed; There was so much blood, and the person was unconscious, and there was still a period of time after that, it was like suffering in hell...!All in all it was appalling.But the root of the disease was removed, and after some time, the person stood up, recovered, and lived like a healthy person again!Then, from a macro point of view, from a global point of view, and from a long-term historical perspective, is this operation a success or a failure? ?

From the perspective of later generations, whether shock therapy is good or not is only a technical issue. The most critical issue is: Russia has transformed, and it is a peaceful and non-violent transformation.

The biggest "bad effect" of shock therapy is that "gp is almost reduced by half".However, all conscientious Chinese people in later generations know that GP is a fictional GP, a bubble.

When Russia was implementing shock therapy, it had the power of a poor country to provide comprehensive national security measures such as education, housing, land, medical care, pensions, and free public transportation for the citizens in reform and transition.So there is no chaos in Russia. No matter how bad the shock therapy is, apart from the lack of numbers on the gp bubble, I really can't name what else is bad about it.

In any country, in the process of system transition and the alternation of old and new societies, some degree of chaos will inevitably occur. The only difference is the duration and degree of chaos.Generally speaking, the more backward and stubborn the old social form is, the more difficult the transition will be, the longer the alternation process will be, the longer the chaos will last, and the deeper the chaos will be.

No matter how chaotic it is, it is Ye Laosi's opportunity. He is in the center, so he can see more intuitively and clearly.

Break and stand!Nirvana rebirth!

The fat man shook his hand in front of Fang Monan's eyes, "What are you thinking about!"

Fang Monan came back to his senses, "Oh! Nothing?" She raised her eyes to Cheng Shigui and said, "What did you say to Diao Rong and Ai Lun on the phone!"

"Let Diao Rong pay close attention to the foreign exchange and bond markets in Europe." Cheng Shigui sat up straight, crossed his hands on his lap and said calmly. "In today's European continent, a new revolution is going on vigorously. The European Community, which was built step by step after World War II, is seeking a closer cohesion.

The European currency crisis, from 1979 until the birth of the euro in 1999, the European exchange rate mechanism suffered a total of 18 adjustments, affecting 56 central exchange rates.It also led to two amazing currency crises.

In this rare exchange rate adjustment in the world, the international money market funds led by hedge funds have become the most terrible enemy of European governments. Taking advantage of the loopholes in the foreign exchange mechanism, financial giants launched a fierce attack around the changing Europe. The huge profits that were torn off piece by piece went into the pockets of these financiers.In 1992 alone, Soros alone gained a huge wealth of more than 20 billion U.S. dollars, while the British government lost more than billions of pounds in the battle against the exchange rate of the pound.

But the crisis was not the only one in 1992. Unlike most people know, these bloodthirsty financiers did not stay away from the European market. Only 11 months later, in August 1993, the second exchange rate mechanism crisis occurred. Now, the main targets of this crisis are the French franc and the Italian lira.Unlike the previous sterling crisis, the hedge funds in 8 hid their sharp minions, annihilated the situation under the undercurrent, and the movement of money was as silent as running water.

Throughout Soros’s successful attacks on these currencies including the British pound, the Italian lira, and the Mexican peso, they all carried out large-scale short selling of such currencies in the currency forward, futures, and option markets, resulting in depreciation pressure on such currencies.

Often, the only recourse left for countries with cash-strapped reserves after fruitless market interventions is to allow their currencies to depreciate, to the advantage of dead-short hedge funds.

Soros' attack on the pound not only made him a lot of money, but also made him a financial tycoon who can change the political situation of a country, known to the world.And standing under the neon lights and boasting, it also made his name famous for a while.

Fang Mo Nanyun smiled lightly and said, "Remember our style."

"Steady!" Cheng Shigui laughed, "What we want is real profits and victories, not bragging rights or standing under the spotlight."

"In the financial market, only victory is everything, strength represents everything, and stealthy attacks and ferocious predators are our true style."

This is also why Cheng Shigui and the others are well-known in the financial circle, but little is known to the general public, and they do not accept any form of interviews.

"The United States will be an election year next year!" Fang Monan said with a smile on his face.

"That's right! Voting next November, it's hard to say who the current president is." Cheng Shigui pursed his lips and tapped the armrest of the sofa with his index finger very rhythmically.

Although the fat man didn't know much about the foreign exchange market, he listened very carefully. Why did he switch from Europe to the United States all of a sudden?

"No way! Didn't he win the Gulf War and kill the Soviet Union, so it shouldn't be a problem for him to be re-elected!" The fat man said with wide-eyed eyes.

Cheng Shigui nodded, "As Fatty said, shortly after Bush took office as President of the United States in 89, the international situation changed dramatically. Eastern Europe underwent drastic changes, the reunification of Germany and Germany, the defeat of Iraq, the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. All these made the international status of the United States unprecedentedly improved , It seems to have reached the pinnacle of victory. However, diplomatic success cannot alleviate the intensification of domestic conflicts." (To be continued. If you like this work, you are welcome to vote, monthly ticket, your support is my greatest Power. Mobile phone users please go to m to read.)

ps: Ask for pink, ask for