Win the Ding 1617

The actions to occupy the islands of Penang and Lingjiawai encountered almost no decent resistance.

Zhang Xiaohu was very excited to mark the names of these three places on the chart, and arranged for the fleet members to make a cruising duty list. From the day of occupation, gunboat cruises will be carried out at these three places, and the cruise Ships should be grouped in pairs with overlapping sea areas. Such a requirement made the accompanying sailors feel anxious and scratched a lot of hair.But fortunately, there are those who have studied mathematics, although they did not learn to arrange and combine, but after some deduction, they still decided on the cruise plan of the three places.

In addition to cruising and using the opportunity of cruising to train sailors and gunners, the main task of the navy is to understand the hydrology, ocean currents, wind direction, wind speed, reefs, and dark beaches in this area, and to understand, collect, and summarize these conditions.The second task is to maintain peace and tranquility in the Managa Strait area.In other words, combat piracy.

"Anyone who has not been registered in Lingjiawei and Banda Aceh, and must not go beyond the waters of Lingjiawei Island at the latest, all ships are suspected of being pirate ships! They will all go forward and interrogate, and those who dare to refuse will be fired immediately!"

At the victory ceremony in Penang, Zhang Xiaohu issued orders to his crew with a somewhat murderous look.

Of course, in order to ensure the safety of the waterway connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, Commander Zhang Da had to apply to Li Shouhan, the commander of the South Central Army, for at least ten gunboats, and to build more than ten forts of various sizes in several key points. Only three hundred gates can complete the cruise and control of the entire Managa area.

And Ye Qi, who is the commander-in-chief.The task is not as simple as Zhang Xiaohu!

"According to our statistics, after announcing the policy of exempting the Chinese from the head tax, and giving a reward of one yuan per person to the residents who come to register for the Huaxia household registration and receive the household card, there are a total of Chinese, Chinese, and The registration of 11 five children born between Chinese and local natives, as well as people claiming to be of Chinese blood, cost 740 five silver dollars. Some of them should come here for the purpose of rewarding comfort money.” Ye Qi was a little embarrassed to write such words in the post about the population registration situation.

"It doesn't matter, as long as he declares that he is, it's fine, he can pretend to be false! He also pretends to make some superficial appearances. As long as he is willing to do it, as time goes by, the fake will become true!"

"The children of those Chinese and locals. They should be comforted. They cannot be discriminated against."

In the reply to Ye Qi, Shou Han commented so shockingly.

Another thing that made Ye Qi scratch her head was the tax rate here.

After sending the Portuguese rebels who had collected the prisoners of the Managa defenders to Ceylon Island, they had not yet settled down in the city of Manjaka, and the sultans and Kapitans from all over the place flocked to them.The sultans are better off.It's nothing more than the same idea as the people who restored Portugal.He plans to use his real money to buy the artillery of the South China Army.In order to protect the safety of their family property.As for those Jiapidans, the considerations are much more realistic and complicated!

"My lord! On that day it was announced that the Chinese poll tax would be exempted. And the commercial tax had to be reconsidered. Now that the chaos has subsided and our land in Ming Dynasty has been recovered, I don't know how to collect the commercial tax?"

These Kapitans are people who have spent many years in shopping malls and oceans. They are well aware of the power of taxation. Many people made their fortunes because of the tax package and the Portuguese responsible for collecting a certain area or a certain type of tax. .

For this army that claims to be the Great Ming Dynasty, they have calmed down from the initial shock and joy, and through various channels, they have learned all kinds of information about the South China Army. After everyone's summary, sorting and analysis, the appearance of the South China Army gradually became clear in their minds.

"I see!"

Many people couldn't help but let out such an exclamation.It's just an armed force outside the Ming system, and for its own legal status, it holds the flag of Ming higher than anyone else.

They deliberately ignored the Nanzhong Army, but faced with the gunboats on the sea, the artillery fire at the top of the city, and especially the military power that broke through Manlajia within a day and a half, people still chose to cooperate.

"After asking for instructions, my lord, my lord means that here," Ye Qigao sat on a section of the long table left by the Portuguese, put his body close to the back of the chair, and blurted a circle in the air with his hands, "The area of ​​Manlaga , no longer implement the Portuguese tax rules and taxes."

"This is natural, this is the benevolent and benevolent government of the general!" The people's first goal was achieved, and the Portuguese tax system was abolished, so naturally they would not collect so much tax.

"At the same time, the original tax system will be abolished. Fellow villagers, the post of Jiapitan will naturally disappear."

Ye Qi's delicate and handsome face also had an expression very similar to Zhang Xiaohu's.Immediately, the top figures in this group of Chinese couldn't help but shiver in their hearts, and someone secretly thought that something might be wrong.

"According to the tax rate and tax rules formulated by Emperor Wanli and Emperor Tianqi, and according to the laws and regulations of our South China Army, my lord has decided to collect such taxes in the Manlajia area! Collect according to such standards!"

Slap!A thin booklet was thrown in front of all the gentry.

"Value-added tax, personal income tax, unified progressive tax? Why, isn't Taizu Hongwu Lord's law of thirty taxes and one tax implemented?" A gentleman wailed from the bottom of his heart!

"My Nanzhong has always been determined by the amount of taxes paid and graded! Ladies and gentlemen, I can tell you, do you know how much taxes the General has paid not long ago?"

People began to look at Ye Qi eagerly, "1000 taels?"

"Three thousand?"

Ye Qi shook her head.

"Seven thousand?"

"Ten thousand?"

In return, Ye Qi still smiled and shook her head in silence.

"One hundred thousand!?" A gentleman gritted his teeth and quoted a sky-high figure.

"Absolutely impossible!"

"That's right! How could the General pay so much tax? This doesn't mean that the General is a..."

As soon as this number came out, it immediately attracted rebuttals from the people around.People dare not go any further.These days, is that official willing to say that he pays a lot of taxes?Firstly, he loses face, and secondly, doesn't it mean that he is a corrupt official?

"120 million yuan!" Ye Qi's voice was not loud, but it exploded in everyone's ears like the sound of cron guns and mortars.

"In the area under the jurisdiction of the Nanzhong Army, the tax level is determined by the amount of taxes. Even if the daughter is old enough to marry, she has to look at the tax receipt issued by the man." Added another fire.

"why?"

"It's very simple. He paid a lot of taxes, which means that his family has a lot of property. This is the first. The tax payment records are complete, and there is no record of tax evasion. It shows that the person's moral character is better."

There is such a saying? !

Rao is that everyone has lived in this place of many cultural exchanges for decades.I have never heard of such an unimaginable method, but after thinking about it, it seems to make sense.

but.It's about how you make money.Still have to fight for it.

"Misters, the general said that the Chinese will be exempted from the poll tax. For this reason, I have talked with the nearby sultans and kings. They also support the general's benevolent policy and express their willingness to cooperate." (Nonsense! In the face of the power of kelon guns, mortar guns, and rockets, how can those sultans who have only a few hundred soldiers dare to say no?)

Ye Qi continued to communicate patiently with this group of former Kapitans.

"You gentlemen are all seniors and experts. From Penang and Banda Aceh in the west, to Managa and Lijiapo in the east, oh, I forgot to tell you about the islands near Managa, and they were taken by the lord. It's named Lijiapo. It's already marked on the chart."

"I have been doing business and collecting taxes for many years in Penang and Banda Aceh in the west, and in Malaga and Lijiapo in the east. I am very clear about the situation of the passing ships. My lord plans to go to Lingjiawei Island and Banda Aceh in the west. In the east, Manjijia, Lijiapo and other places set up Maritime Customs, referred to as Customs. They are responsible for inspecting passing ships and goods and collecting customs duties.”

Tax! ?Taxes for passing ships?Everyone immediately keenly smelled the smell of gold and heard the crisp and pleasant sound of silver coins colliding with each other.

"My lord wants to set up a customs here. I don't know if we can serve the Lord?" Xu Meizhen's patriarch Xu Zhongshan asked on behalf of this group of people.

Hearing that the old and respected Xu Zhongshan quietly changed his address to Li Shouhan, Ye Qi's heart became clear, now it's time to talk about the weight and the price!

He threw out two tempting conditions!

"First! The taxes of the natives in the territory of the sultans and kings will be collected by the gentlemen on their behalf! It is still a tax package system. The tax system of the Chinese is collected in the treasury according to the regulations of our South China Army, and will not be handed over to the sultans and kings. .”

This one sounds good. Although we don't accept those from the same clan anymore, we can still accept those from the natives. Even if the benefits are not as great as before, they are still better than none.

"This tax system, I don't know what the amount is?" A gentry got up from his seat and asked.

"Sir, this is the time for you to discuss with His Majesty the Sultan yourself to see if you should set a total amount and the excess will belong to you, or after a certain amount is completed, you will be drawn according to the agreed standard."

"Second, if you are willing, you can become a member of the customs tax committee of our South China Army. As a tax collector of our South China Army, you can declare and pay customs duties for ships passing through. The lord specially approved that among the customs duties paid, It can be worth two out of a hundred."

"That is to say, if you collect 100 taels of silver, you will get [-] taels of it!"

In fact, the power Shouhan gave Ye Qi is worth five points, but Ye Qi, Zhang Xiaohu and others are well aware of the virtues of this group of people, and if they take out all the chips at once, it is easy to make this group of guys continue. Blackmail a little, maybe you will get more ideas, this is what we often say.

Therefore, Lord Ye only said that it was worth two out of a hundred.

Although this number is quite a lot, compared with the appetite of the previous Kapitans, it is still a bit dissatisfied. To use the idiom left by our ancestors, it is not enough to satisfy our wishes.

"Twenty taels is a little bit less! The ships that pass by here every day are not just like crucian carp crossing the river, but also come and go. We have to collect taxes from so many ships, so we just give us this little money, which is really a little bit less! Four taels is about the same !"

"According to me, four taels is a bit less! Five taels is fine!"

The crowd began to be like a vegetable market, bursts of bargaining broke out.Even more so excited, he simply left his seat, gathered around a few more prestigious people, and began to have a heated discussion on the standard issue of taps or backwaters.

A small circle quickly formed.

Ye Qi glanced at a few seemingly inconspicuous people standing in the corner of the hall. Although they were wearing the armor of the Guards Battalion, Ye Qi knew very well that these people were not from the business department. It's from the statistics office.These small circles represent the various clans, business groups, and factions among the Chinese here.

After a while, people unified their opinions within the group.Then.The bigwigs from various hilltops concentrated again, and finally reported a price that they thought was more suitable to Ye Qi.

"What?! Threes, twos, fives?! You are too..." Ye Qi looked very anxious, "How can I explain this to the Lord?!"

"We can ensure that every boat is not missed!" Xu Zhongshan answered Ye Qi's question firmly.

"That's right. According to the standards of value-added tax, personal income tax, and unified progressive tax that the adults said. The villain did the math roughly. After a year, the lord can go to the customs here and collect no less than 1000. Tariffs of [-] taels! What we got. It’s just a drop in the bucket!”

Ye Qi couldn't help bursting with joy, but although she was happy in her heart, she still had a sad expression on her face, "Well, this is a big matter, and I need to report it to the lord. However, there is one thing that can make you rich." Things, I can reveal to you here.”

The way Ye Qi pointed out to these people to make money is actually very simple, that is, let them use the connections they have accumulated in this area for decades or even hundreds of generations to cross the Managa Strait and go to India on the other side of the sea. Purchase cotton, horses and other materials needed by the South China Army.

"Telugu (today's Andhra Pradesh, India) is known as a fertile field, and the amount of cotton produced is extremely rich. You may wish to go there and negotiate with Sudan."

At this time, Andhra Pradesh was still ruled by the sultans of the Qutb Shahi Dynasty. However, under the double blow of the Mughal Empire and the Maratha Alliance, which is known as the descendant of the Golden Family, Zili Kut Bu? Shahi's descendants are facing the danger of subjugation.

Andhra Pradesh has two big rivers, Godavari and Krishna.They originate from the Western Ghats in Maharashtra, flow eastward into the Bay of Bengal, and irrigate hundreds of thousands of hectares along the way, forming the largest perennial arable land in the state.Besides these two big rivers, there are Tungabadra, Penna and numerous small rivers and streams.The land along these rivers is extremely fertile, which is why Andhra Pradesh was later called the rice basket of India.

However, in history, here is famous for producing cotton.The most notorious East India Company plundered cotton raw materials from Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and other places, and then sold a large amount of cotton textiles to the world.

In addition to the fertile and developed coastal agriculture, although the plateau area here has less rainfall, barren soil, and sparse population, it has developed animal husbandry.At the same time, copper is also produced here.

How can such an area escape Shou Han's greedy eyes?

"This matter was originally intended to be done by the Han Yuan Company. However, since Ye Qi came here, he has received help from all the elders and sages in many ways. He can't repay it. I will inform you of this matter. If you are interested, you may wish to go to Give it a try."

"grown ups!"

Xu Meizhen, who first took refuge in the South China Army, stood up eagerly, "If I go to Telugu and buy cotton, horses, etc. from the sultan there or someone else, let alone the price, the imported How should the tariff be calculated?"

have to!The problem is back to the original point!

The tax rates and rules formulated by Shou Han are actually very simple.

For the goods I need, import them at low tax rates, or even without tariffs.There are high tariffs on goods that I don't need, or luxury imports.

"The import of horses, especially some fine-bred horses, is basically tax-free. If you reach a certain amount, the lord will give you a certain reward. The import tax of cotton should be within the range of [-]% of the price."

"Then, when those Hong Maoyi people come to trade, the ships are often full of gold and silver, and there is no cargo. This. How should the tax rate be calculated?"

The future customs and tax collectors have green lights in their eyes, and such numbers are very important to them.

"Gold and silver items are considered luxuries. They are items that are not very urgently needed, and they are collected at a ratio of one-fourth!"

With a "gudong", Xu Chongshan clearly heard the sound of the people around him swallowing their saliva!He looked at the man with disdain, and then swallowed the secretion in his mouth sadly. "The Hongmao Yi people usually transport tens of thousands of taels of gold and silver per ship, and the total is 5 taels. According to the standard of one-fourth, it is 500 taels. I take three percent from it. That is 370 five taels!"

His mental calculations were extremely fast, and he calculated his income lightly and clearly in an instant.

"boom!"

"Boom!"

Under the warning of the Manga Fort, a group of Spanish galleons did not stop for inspection at all, allowing the anti-smuggling and tax officers on the brig parallel to them to board the ship.Just hoist the full sail.Riding on the favorable west wind at this time.He intends to take advantage of this gust of wind and rush straight out of the east mouth of the Managa Strait, regardless of his Nanzhong Military Customs.Before the Great Spanish Empire, the magistrates and generals of the East were a lump of canine excrement.

"seek death!"

Standing on the bow deck, Zhang Xiaohu gritted his teeth habitually.The word popped through his teeth.

"Give the anti-smuggling boat a semaphore, order them to fire, send an order, and the rocket ship on standby is on standby in the waters of Lijiapo! If the anti-smuggling boat can't stop these boats after firing its guns, the rocket boat will set fire to me when it reaches the waters of Lijiapo!"

This is the largest fleet I have seen since the opening of the Managa Customs. I think it is because of the newly established customs here. The behavior of all the people to break through the level, this is how there are more than ten large ships and nearly twenty plywood boats to break through the level on a large scale!

The signalman in the bucket at the top of the mast quickly waved the small flag in his hand, conveying the commander's orders and intentions to the anti-smuggling boats that were far behind the fleet and were chasing after them.

"fire!"

The captain of the anti-smuggling ship was extremely excited and ordered his subordinates, grandma!This bird breath is really uncomfortable!Not to mention hot pursuit along the way, not to mention drinking a lot of salty seawater brought up by the sea breeze, the key point is that those red-haired barbarians are jumping on the boat, mocking and laughing, who can bear such anger?

Cron guns and mortars are the main weapons on this kind of brig used as anti-smuggling ships and tax ships. In addition to two Cron guns and two mortars, every crew member on the anti-smuggling ship is equipped with firearms. shot.

The shell of the Cron cannon drew a standard ballistic trajectory in the air, but a huge jet of water exploded from the helpless sea water, which splashed onto the deck of a Spanish galleon headed by everyone.

"Damn it! These guys must be accomplices with Satan!" The captain, startled by the terrible power of the Kron gun, hastily ordered the first mate and sailors to speed up and turn the rudder, and try to stay away from these damned guys. .

In the waves brought up by the huge Spanish galleons and the plywood boats interspersed with them, the small tonnage brigantine was fluctuated by the waves, and the shells fired It quickly lost its aim and turned into jets of water, blooming huge flowers on the surface of the sea.

"Head! No way! Our ship can't be stabilized! The gun can't be aimed at all!" the gunner of the Kron gun howled loudly in the waves.

"Broken down! I won't chase them anymore! Just fight here!"

The brig in hot pursuit dropped its anchor and turned itself into a relatively fixed fort on the sea. The gunners began to calmly turn the cargo ship trying to escape from the sight into a target.

"boom!"

A shell hit the waist of a plywood ship, and the shell pierced the deck along the waterline. From the binoculars, people could clearly see that the huge head of sea water quickly entered the cargo hold of the plywood ship along the hole. among.

The anti-smuggling ship's cron cannon is perfect for dealing with these cargo ships.The fierce artillery fire forced the fleet trying to cross the Managa Strait to make a series of evasive actions in the face of the artillery fire to avoid those cannons that might send themselves to meet the Dragon King of the South China Sea with one shot.

However, doing too many evasive actions will inevitably lengthen the voyage, and soon, the huge fleet will be cut into two sections!

The Spanish galleon in front had rushed to the waters of Lijiapo, and was about to break out of this narrow water area and rush into the vast and vast South China Sea.Most of the ships that followed were still on the waters of Malaga.

"This group of idiots!" An aristocratic-looking man on the Spanish galleon headed by tidied up his somewhat messy wig blown by the sea breeze, and laughed proudly in the direction of the rumbling guns behind him. He knew whether he was laughing at his companions or the people at Nanzhong Military Customs.

"Whoosh!"

"Whizzing!"

Several strange sounds came from the air.

The first rocket landed on the stern of the Spanish galleon, and the second one landed on the water surface of the bow. After landing on the water surface of the bow, a huge fireball was immediately formed on the water surface of the bow with the explosion. It was as if the sea water in front of the bow had turned into oil.However, the third rocket performed its mission properly.Turned the mainmast of a Spanish galleon into a giant torch.Set an example for subsequent ships.

From the bay of Lijiapo, five rocket ships rushed out murderously, forming a horizontal row, sealing off the narrow waterway with rockets.

"Shoot it again! Tell them that you don't want to become a roasted pig. Just let me lower the sails and stop the boat obediently!"

"This is the Nanzhong Army's Manga Customs! You are ordered to stop the ship! Accept inspection! If there is any resistance, it will be sunk!"

The people on the rocket ship repeated the above announcement twice in blunt Spanish and Chinese.In fact, even if these ships are allowed to escape at this moment, they may not be able to escape.The leading galleon's mainmast became a torch.Flames flew everywhere on the ship, causing almost all the sails to become sacrifices to the Dragon King. No wonder, according to the Chinese five elements theory, the south belongs to fire. These ships arrived at the territory of the Dragon King of the South China Sea. It's time to greet them with fire.

The people on board were already terrified by the power of the rocket.

This thing is much more terrifying than artillery!Although the artillery shells are fierce, the ships can still evade them, and even if they hit, the damage will not be that great.But this thing is not!The fire that ignited after the explosion was like a fireball on the ship. If you put it out with water, you would burn yourself. The flame spread and spread on the water.

"Anchor! Let down the sails!"

From the first galleon to the last plywood boat, as if they were suffering from the Black Death, they all lowered their heads in dejection, waiting for the group of Easterners who used the weapons they got from Satan from hell to judge themselves fate.

The tax collectors in the distance saw this scene which was both exhilarating and horrifying to them.

"Those two-masted sailing ships are good. They run very fast. If the captain didn't make a mistake in command, they should be able to catch up with the leading large sailing ship."

"What's on those rocket ships? Why does it burn in water?"

"Don't worry about it! In the future, if there are people who don't pay taxes, tell them that there are such sharp tools and rules here. Don't be afraid. Just don't pay taxes and see if you can pass!"

"Haha! When you see gold and silver, take a quarter of it. Three or five out of every one hundred taels of a quarter is ours!"

"Look at your piggy face. If you have that skill, why don't you go to India and sell something to the Sudan, and then buy some cotton, horses, and mares and sell them back! You can earn him tens of thousands of dollars in one trip!"

These people are chattering on their own turf.

"Get off the boat! Get off!"

Boarding the cargo ships trying to break through, the soldiers and the crew of the customs anti-smuggling ship brandished their swords, guns and firecrackers one by one. The ship, the people on board thought they were pirates in a trance.

"My lord, the situation of the capture is as follows. After a cursory inspection by the brothers, there were more than 30 sailors and shipowners on board these 470 ships, as well as more than 120 soldiers, more than 150 missionaries, and 20 women. There are more than 4 children. The main cargo carried are more than 50 artillery pieces of various sizes, 50 barrels of gunpowder, and [-] guns of various colors. In addition, there are [-] bales of cotton, [-] bales of cotton, Each pack is [-] jin. Copper is [-] jin. Gold is [-] taels. Silver is [-] taels. Other miscellaneous items are about [-] taels."

"Wait! What's in the miscellaneous category?"

"There are two buckets of Ceylon gemstones, lapis lazuli about..."

"Okay!" For these things, Zhang Xiaohu and Ye Qi were not very interested. Apart from gold, silver, cotton, copper, etc., what they cared about were the ships and sailors.

"After robbing once, there are so many gains. No wonder the lord said that this is a golden waterway. It really is!"

Ye Qi slapped Zhang Xiaohu's back hard, "Who did the robbery? We collect taxes, okay? They didn't pay taxes, so we stopped them and confiscated all their belongings!"

"Oh! That's right! It's still Nima, you scholars are ruthless!"

"Stop talking nonsense! Talk about something serious! What about those seized?"

"What else can I do? Do whatever you want! Are you still planning to embezzle? According to me, the cotton is shipped back, and it is waiting to buy clothes for the brothers! If necessary, I will keep those boats and sailors. Soldiers, I think I will leave them to Gonzalez, you idiot! It took a long time to take down Ceylon!"

"Where are the missionaries?"

"It's simple! You test them, and if you know more, send them back to Hue and hand them over to the lord. Maybe you can come up with something new. If it's a group of pure foreign monks, hehe! This is full of thorns. Sharks also want to eat!"

The next day, Zhang Xiaohu led his flagship Three-Headed Tiger and other gunboats to escort the cargo ships northward to Hue, reported victory in front of the defenders, and presented the proceeds of the law enforcement.Ye Qi, on the other hand, is nervously urging the various ports to build forts, berths, adjust deployment and other matters.

Soon, a new regulation spread under the deliberate dissemination of the tax collectors in the Malaga area: ships coming from India must register their goods, pay taxes, and collect taxes when they arrive at Lingjiawei and Banda Aceh. Tickets and special flags, in this sea area, ships without special flags issued by the South China Army cannot be guaranteed.It is almost impossible to safely navigate this narrow waterway.After arriving at Lijiapo, the customs will have to board the ship to inspect the cargo to see if the items match. If there is any discrepancy, not only the ship owner and the cargo owner will be unlucky, but also the person who issued the tax stamp in the previous process will also be punished. .Similarly, ships coming from the east also have to go through this process at Lijiapo.

However, there is also a more exciting news, that is, if the tax payment is more than 15.00%, you can ask the customs to send a boat escort to prevent accidents.

A month later, Gonzalez finally conquered Ceylon Island with the supplement of more than 100 Portuguese soldiers, and completed the first transaction of the agreement with Li Shouhan, selling Ceylon to Nanzhong for [-] silver dollars. military.

After handing over the defense of Manjijia and other places with Chu Tianlei of the navy and Lin Dinghou of the land camp, Ye Qi and Zhang Xiaohu set sail to the north, and the return ship carried the millions of dollars collected in the past few months. Tariffs on taels of gold and silver, as well as the value of gold and silver goods seized from various pirate lairs were worth millions of taels.

"This is not sea water! This is gold and silver that will flow from generation to generation!"

Looking at the Lijiapo coast in the distance, Zhang Xiaohu sang in the tune of Master Guan he heard from a Kunqu opera troupe.

"Ye Xianggong, tell me, this is full of money, how much money can we collect in a year?"

"Money is secondary." After all, Ye Qi has followed Shou Han for a long time, and knows much more about Shou Han's thoughts and the situation of the South China Army than Zhang Xiaohu. "The key is that we control this waterway." , and opened up the trade channel to India, in the future, we can import a large amount of cotton, wheat, and horses from India, and export cotton cloth, knives, guns, firearms, armor, gunpowder, etc. "

However, at this time, Shou Han's attention was not on the south, and his main energy was involved in other aspects. (To be continued..)