Win the Ding 1617

The power of example is endless.

Another way of saying this sentence is that people can see their own shadows in role models.

The fifteen people elected by the people who went to Dongguan County to make a fuss about farming basically covered the middle and low levels of the township.People can find samples that they can refer to.

From tenants to self-cultivators, proprietors of small shops, to small landlords with more than ten acres of land, there are also two outstanding talents in their 60s and [-]s, that is, Fan Jin who lives on the land donated by others. Ladies and gentlemen, after these people were sung about the taxes they should pay one by one, it can be said that some people were happy and some were sad.

"This is unreasonable! Where is the dignity of a scholar? Why do I have to pay so much money and food for the land under my name?" An old scholar shook his gray beard, and his saliva almost flew onto the face of the working team member.

"Old man, look carefully, Jue Shuai's documents are clearly written." The young man with fluff on his lips refused to show weakness at all, and was full of contempt for the two sour talents in front of him. What's the big deal?What about the Four Books and Five Classics that have been read for decades?

According to the provisions promulgated by Shou Han, for those who have land for lease, or if it exceeds the cultivation capacity of the person and his family, the landlord must pay more than double the amount of land tax that exceeds the export grain, and the number will continue to increase according to the amount of land. "You guys! This, this...is degrading! I want to go to the provincial capital. Go to the Confucian Temple to cry!"

"It doesn't matter where you go to sue! To tell you the truth, if you go to the capital to sue the imperial court, a single petition from my lord will kill you!" Another team member cried aloud at this poor situation Nao San's practice of hanging himself was already disgusted to the extreme, and he coldly taunted these two people who didn't know whether they were supervisor students or Gong students.

"I have a clear instruction from the Taizu that the military and civilians can be controlled by Beijing. But the students are not allowed! Two people, should we honestly pay money and food in Guangdong according to this standard, or send a head from thousands of miles away? How about going to the capital?"

"You! You! Pretending to be a blessing, humiliating gentleness! What happened today. A sage will weep to Jiuquan when he hears it!" A scholar with little hair left was trembling with anger, pointing at the few people in front of him with his index and middle fingers. personal.bang.There was another exclamation from the crowd.

Where can I find such a good thing?Even the sage Confucius said that "there is no distinction between teaching and learning" when he set up a lecture hall, but anyone who came to study had to hand in thirty pieces of dried meat. In the Spring and Autumn Period.Those who can have meat to eat are nobles, let alone those who can have dried meat to pay school fees?

Now the government comes forward to open a school, not to mention the tuition fee, but also to pay for the children's textbooks, pens and ink, and take care of lunch. There are such good things, if you don't rush to participate in a part, but come out to fight against it, for what irrelevant fart Going to pay yourself more than double the tax, isn't this kicked in the head by a donkey?

Seeing that the foundation of my survival was torn apart piece by piece, like a shriveled old woman, exposed naked in broad daylight, unable to attract the attention of everyone, the two old supervisors could no longer Containing the grief and disappointment in his heart, he simply sat down on the ground and cried loudly, from the ancestors to the most holy teachers, weeping non-stop.

The so-called contribution is actually ordinary people entrusting their land property to nobles, officials and gentry in order to reduce taxes and labor.There was a strange phenomenon in the Ming Dynasty, that is, the common people voluntarily donated their land to the nobles.The emergence of this strange phenomenon is still rooted in the unique tax and corvee system of the Ming Dynasty.

The burden of corvée in the Ming Dynasty even surpassed taxes and grains.However, the palace and Xungui Zhuangtian enjoy preferential treatment.Once they become their farm tenants, they can be exempted from serving as state servants under its shade.Desperate peasants, and even small and medium-sized landlords, in order to avoid the "hard work of errands", often "throw their own land into the palace to insinuate hope" or "give their children" as slaves.There are also those who donate due to land disputes or unfair business transactions. "Some soldiers and civilians donated to the palace vaguely because they were unclear about the competition between the two lands, or bought them first, and the price was low. The people who donated were afraid As usual, he was exiled into the army, but he still made a pawn and sold the deeds, thinking that it was a cover."In order to attract farmers to contribute land, some dignitaries sometimes collected grain at a price lower than the national tax and grain amount.The Mu Mansion of the State of Guizhou in Yunnan once did this, so that "contributors followed one after another".

Officials and gentry other than nobles are also privileged levels.On the ladder of rank, although they were below the nobility, they were above the common people.In terms of political status, they are "officials" and "gentry", so they are called "official registration", "official household" and "official Jia" in household registration, which is completely different from ordinary people without status.The laws and regulations of the Ming Dynasty strictly stipulated that "the rich and the poor and the poor" must not "go beyond the etiquette and violate the distinction";Relying on their noble status and powerful influence, the officials and gentry "regarded the small people as the weak" and "received the sacrifice of the adulterers".In that era, "as soon as a scholar enters the provincial examination, he is offered as a rich man."

In terms of economic status, they also enjoy privileges and exemptions.The difference from nobles' preferential treatment is that they are based on fixed quota preferential treatment.The preferential exemption system for officials and gentry in Ming Dynasty became more and more complete.During the Hongwu period, it was stipulated that the family of the current official "is exempted from corvee service"; the official official "recovers his family and has nothing to give him for life";After the middle period, it developed into "Lunpin Mianliang" or "Lunpin Miantian".Taking the "You Mian Ze Li" in the 38th year of Wanli as an example, the current Beijing official Jiake Yipin Miantian has 350 mu of land.From then on, the land will be reduced gradually until the eighth-rank free land is [-] mu, the foreign officials will be halved, the official township officials will be exempted from six tenths of this product, and the non-official squires will be exempted from land up to [-] mu.Eighty acres of students and supervisors.

so.These students, that is to say, are scholars, even if they will not pass the exam for the rest of their lives.You can also live a leisurely life in your hometown by relying on this policy discount.However, now the basis for their survival is gone, and the basis for monopolizing cultural education and controlling public opinion will soon be gone. Once compulsory compulsory education is popularized.Just look for anyone who can read and write, can write and count, where can they find the superiority of a scholar?

Regardless of seeing them tearing and tearing, splashing and tossing on the ground, people crowded in front of the table, or surrounded by the familiar fifteen people who were similar to their own situation, or crowded in front of the staff members who were red and red. People around were arguing about their situation.Hope to get an authoritative answer from here.

It was originally a gathering for the Nanyue Army to find awkwardness and make trouble in farming, but in a blink of an eye it became a promotion meeting for the new tax system of the Nanyue Army.

However, another group of people held the hand of Hong Yilin who had just walked out of the county seat. They had their own questions to ask.

"Brother Hong, the land handed down from our ancestors. A few years ago, because the money, food and taxes were too heavy, my father donated it to him," someone pointed to a scholar whose nose and tears were covered in wrinkles from crying. His tone was full of contempt, "I paid him more than ten years of money and food for nothing. It was originally my family's land. Why should I pay him money and food?"

"That's right! We just want to ask, how should we count the donated land?!"

"Our ancestral property, can we get it back?"

These people accounted for a large part of the number of people who came to pay farming.Since the mid-Ming Dynasty, land annexation has intensified.It's fine if it's just buying land, the key is that a large amount of land is gradually concentrated in the hands of a small number of people through this form and through the so-called public land rewarded by the land grant system.

There are not only nobles who followed the Zhu family's father and son to conquer the world, but also officials and gentry from all over the world.It can be said that in the late Ming Dynasty, the collapse of the financial system of the Ming court had a lot to do with this situation.

From Chenghua to Zhengde, the so-called land granting, a kind of blatant robbery of private land, reached a peak. Between Chenghua and Hongzhi, the number of grants was increasing, and the scale was getting bigger and bigger.De Wang Zhu Jianlin went to Jinan and granted his request successively, granting 290 hectares of land in Shouzhang and other counties in Shandong, more than [-] hectares of land in Qinghe County in Guangping, and Baiyun Lake, Jingyang Lake, and Guangping Lake in Shandong. In addition, more than [-] hectares of Shuidian Ludang and "leisure land" were given to Xincheng, Boxing, and Gaoyuan counties.Ji Wang Zhu Jianjun established the domain of Changsha and allocated more than [-] hectares of land in eight counties of Changsha.Xingxian Wang Zhu Youzhao granted more than [-] hectares of farmland to Huguang Anlu.King Gong Mu of Zhou succeeded to the throne and granted more than [-] hectares of land.Zhu Jianze, the king of Chong, took up the domain of Runing, and the land he bestowed before and after has reached tens of thousands of hectares.Zhu Youshu, the king of Rong, took over Changde and gave him two thousand hectares of land and eight hundred miles of mountain farms.In the Jiajing Wanli period, the activities of the royal family and noble ministers reached a frenzied height.Zhu Zaizhen, the king of Jing, was in Guangde'an, a fan lake, "please ask for more farmland, and give it to him by imperial edict", granting [-] hectares of land.Lu Wang Zhu Yixuan asked Fan Weihui more to support Tian "everyone who should not"; King Jing's Fan was removed, and his hometown Zhuangtian was also given to him.Zhu Changxun, the king of Fu, went to Luoyang and assisted King Lu to claim [-] hectares of Zhuangtian. The courtiers fought hard to reduce it to [-] hectares.

Members of the royal family wantonly seized the land, and those high-ranking officials in the court were unwilling to be left behind.Zhang Cai, the leader of the Fushe, once described the ethos of Jiangnan scholar-bureaucrats receiving sacrifices in this way: "Those who go to the township, will publish the list, and those who fail to succeed will submit their own letters, waiting for Jieqi's direction, making a lot of money in the name of taking refuge in it. How can the money be slaved? , Mostly because his clan has nothing to do with Tian Wuzhi, otherwise he will be a slave who betrays his master, and takes the old master Tian Wuzhi, saying to contribute. If the group does not succeed, they will go to the countryside, and the number of horses will be counted by twenty or thirty. The photo of a certain government office or a certain house is surrounded by four corners, which are called skewers. The house is sealed with a big seal, and a letter is written to a certain government office or a certain house for a few months to seal it.

Xu Jie, a scholar of Shoufu University who was famous in history for moving Yan Song and his son, had 24 mu of land in his hometown of Songjiang Prefecture, with tens of thousands of tenants and thousands of family members.His family was "half borrowed under the guise"; it is difficult to find out how much of his land property came from donations.

Xu Jie’s Songjiang fellow villager, Dong Qichang, who left his name in the history of Chinese culture with his Danqing calligraphy, was also an official to the Ministry of Rites, and he was also in his hometown of Songjiang. slave, and the world career is lost by his nationality." Those who "take refuge in" and "have lost their nationality".That is to consecrate.So much so that there is a folk song in Songjiang Prefecture: "If you want Su Minkang, kill Dong Qichang first!"

At this time, Qian Qianyi, who was serving as an official and living at home in Changshu, was too cold. Qian Qianyi was known as the leader of Donglin, known as a celebrity, but he also followed in the footsteps of the sages in plundering land. Or make false orders to deceive".Seize land through various means of extortion.

The 63 provinces in the south, seven and north of the Ming Dynasty were thrown away from the areas under the jurisdiction of the chieftains, outside the lands of military villages, nobles, and officials and gentry.How many yeomen are there?What's more, there is a whip next to it that is fueling the flames?

The more land and population the officials wanted to control, the less the state controlled. However, the taxes, food and corvees collected by the imperial court not only did not decrease because of this, but increased day by day.so.The feudal obligations originally borne by the dignitaries to the state with the land and population donated by the dignitaries were passed on to the existing peasants who had not yet been donated, thus greatly increasing their burden.

According to Mr. Ma's theory, this approach not only intensified the increasingly sharp class contradictions after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, but also deepened the contradictions between landlords with political status and ordinary landlords. The exploitative side of land rent.But there is also a side of being bullied by status landlords, and sometimes it is difficult for them to escape the bad luck of offering.

Losing control over land and population means losing sources of taxation and labor, resulting in a financial crisis.Zhang Juzheng said that "the private sector is getting richer, the public office is getting poorer, the country is poor and the people are poorer", which is a true portrayal of the economic situation in the late Ming Dynasty.

Therefore, it is not surprising that Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong appeared among the ever-increasing ranks of bankrupt farmers.

"Where the land donated in Guangdong and Guangxi does not conform to the system of ancestors and clans, the original land owner is allowed to take it back for farming without compensation. The donated gentry cannot stop it."

"When the people take back the donated land, they must have the property certificate of the original land, and people from more than [-] households in the same village as guarantees can take it back. If there is no certificate or the certificate is lost, people from more than [-] households must be present. You can get it back on bond."

Shou Han's article on farmers' opinions on the handling of land donations is written in this way.

After listening to it, Hong Yilin read it in Cantonese Mandarin and explained it again in Dongguan dialect. All the farmers present who had donated their land fell to their knees, looking in the direction of Guangzhou, and kowtowed endlessly.

"Uncle, great benefactor!"

"My uncle lives a hundred years, and his descendants are rich and honored forever!"

"Long live the Emperor Ming!"

The cheers of the people, accompanied by the cries of those whose families had dedicated land and so-called domestic slaves, resounded through the sky.

What Shou Han did was undoubtedly taking away the land and population that they regarded as their property.

Some kowtowed in the direction of Guangzhou, where the Shou Han Stationed Festival was located, while others kowtowed to the north with a dragon tablet in their hands, bleeding, and kept yelling and cursing at Li Shouhan who deprived him of his property and slaves.

"Your motherfucker!"

For people like Hong Yilin, you can scold him, you can even fight him, and after the incident is over, he will smile away his grudges.However, the unclean words of these people insulted Li Shouhan and the ancestors of the Li family, and at the same time brought in all the soldiers of the Southern Guangdong Army. This cannot be tolerated.

"Come on! Take it!"

He waved his hand to call dozens of soldiers from the guard posts, and more than a hundred civilians, and surrounded those freshmen who insulted Li Shouhan and the Nanyue Army, and those petty officials with low reputations.

"I hit someone!"

Among the crowd, the leaders of the Survival Hall immediately yelled loudly when they saw this. They were still discussing how to take back their own fields, and what to buy after the two taxes on this year's summer grain and autumn grain were paid. Things, or several people who joined together to buy some farm tools and the like, were immediately scared out of their wits by the blood and chaos.

"The officers and soldiers are going to arrest people! Everyone run away!"

Fearing that the world would not be chaotic, the leaders shouted loudly among the crowd, creating even greater chaos.

"Run!"

From the east and west sides of Chengguan Town, along the official road and the riverside, more than a dozen banners of the Southern Guangdong Army galloped in the autumn wind and twilight.Under the banner, about one battalion of people in each direction moved towards the county seat rapidly.

It was the troops of the Sixth Brigade and Eleventh Regiment of the Security Guard stationed nearby.

A team of more than a thousand people came galloping like the wind, and in a blink of an eye, they surrounded those who were about to flee far away in a big circle.

The two battalions that were forced to come from afar came here quickly after receiving a letter of appeal for help from Dongguan County. They are all in the line of the Southern Guangdong Army, but they don't have the problem of being helpless like the Ming Army in the interior.Hearing that a group of people surrounded Dongguan County for some unknown purpose, the officers who were eager to do meritorious service immediately assembled their teams, reported to the brigade headquarters, and came all the way for reinforcements.

Looking at the shining thorns on the guns in the hands of the sergeant of the security brigade in front of him, the peasants who had already been messed up like a swarm of bees that had exploded could not restrain their inner fear, and ran in the hands of several young generals ahead of them. He threw away his hoe, shovel and shovel, turned around and ran away to a remote place with few people.

Their running was even more terrible. There was a bang in the crowd, and they all ran back in the same way, a little dizzy, and even fled to both sides. They didn't know where they went. .

In the chaos, some people were crushed and trampled, and screams followed.

The leaders of the "Qiangshengtang" were stunned for a while when they saw this chaos, and then they immediately felt happy in their hearts. The more chaotic, the easier it is to escape. These leaders, under the cover of their cronies, followed quietly. Everyone fled to the back.

After a while, he disappeared into the crowd.

The encirclement is getting smaller and smaller.

"Old Hong, you came here quickly, right?" The two battalion officers who led the team smiled and shouted to Hong Yilin who was on the horse and shouted in the crowd to stop the momentum of the people running around. Hong Yilin, who was so busy, snatched the loudspeaker from the person next to him and cursed at the two people: "Throw away your old mother! Let the brothers stop where they are, and set up the cordon, or someone will be trampled to death in a while." !"

The sharp and high-pitched horn sounded, and the sergeants of the garrison brigade who opened their formation and rushed stopped at the sound of their respective officers' passwords, and slowly opened up a front line, surrounding the people who were about to escape.

Checking the situation, although no one was trampled to death, there were more than a hundred people who were crushed, trampled and injured.

Hong Yilin ordered people to invite all the traumatized doctors from the county and the town to treat these injured people. At the same time, he began to screen out the people surrounded by the encirclement to find out exactly who organized the attack on the city. Farming events.

PS: These chapters are a bit dry and tasteless, but they are a very important link.If you don't do this, it will be difficult for pig's feet to turn Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian into their own iron barrels.It will also repeat the mistakes of the previous regimes, and the power will not go down to the county.This is very unfavorable to the expansion of the power of the pig's feet and the development of the plot in the future.