Ming Zhengzhi, I am Zheng Kezang

Updated: 2012-11-02

Zheng Kezang did not take advantage of the victory of the first phase of the Northern Expedition to seize the power of the Ming Dynasty, not because he was counting on the brand of Ming Dynasty to continue to attract heroes from all over the world, nor because he believed in reincarnation and karma. It's not that he is worried about the infamy of his predecessors, but he wants to learn from the predecessors in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and hand over the burden of usurpation to future generations.

The reason for this is actually very simple. It is very easy to seize the throne from the Ming Dynasty with no foundation, but it is not an easy task to defend this picturesque country. What's more, the powerful enemy in the north is still eyeing it covetously. Well, it is not a smart thing to do in a hurry to put on this supreme hat at this time.

However, rumors of the Ding Revolution have already spread, and the impact is irreversible. Under such circumstances, Zheng Kezang can only seize the time to use Daming's body to seek some more benefits for himself. The wind that lures the disaffected into the world is a side benefit.

Of course, it is important to eliminate the remnants of the previous dynasty, and more importantly, it is also a very important part of Zheng Kezang's design to use the buffer period to establish the political structure of the new dynasty and try out certain political ideas.For this reason, Zheng Kezang didn't even care about the approaching of the new year, and ordered the reorganization and recruiting of the general shogunate at the beginning of December of the third year of Wuding.

In fact, since Zheng Kezang is also the governor of the Metropolitan Government and accommodated the original Dongning divisions within the framework of the Metropolitan Government, the so-called recruitment of the General Shogunate is completely empty shell, but today is different from the past. The shogunate that is now appearing in front of everyone is obviously for the embryonic form of the national central organization.

This slightly rudimentary central organization basically followed the pattern of Dongning’s various departments but also adjusted slightly. Among them, the Ministry of Posts and Communications was established to be in charge of the construction of roads and official facilities, and the Ministry of Water Resources was responsible for the renovation of rivers, bridges and dams. The Department of the Army, which is responsible for the establishment, teaching, regulations, civil service, promotion, relegation, review, budget, and weapon manufacturing, and the Department of the Navy, which is responsible for the same affairs as the Navy, is responsible for the national budget, final accounts, and allocation of funds. It is responsible for mining, The Ministry of Salt and Iron for commodity production and sales, the Ministry of Education in charge of education, the Court of Appeals in charge of appointment, civil service, distribution, and assessment of officials, the Court of Etiquette in charge of temple sacrifices, ceremonies and ceremonial systems, the Court of Grand Inquisition in charge of hearing cases, and the Supervision Court. The Overwatch Council, the police office in charge of police affairs and the prison office in charge of prisons, the tax office in charge of taxation and jointly controlled by the Du branch and the Ministry of Salt and Iron, the prime minister in charge of foreign affairs and foreign affairs The office of affairs, the customs office jointly in charge of the tax office, the police office, and the prime minister's foreign affairs office, the treasury office in charge of the treasury, and the currency office in charge of printing currency, including the Ministry of Army, the Ministry of Water, the Ministry of Salt and Iron The Mazheng Yamen, which is jointly managed by the Ministry and the Du Branch, is in charge of medical administration and official medical care, and the Tongzhengyuan is in charge of internal and external chapters and sealing complaints from subjects.

As for the Hanlin Academy established in the past dynasties since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the Gezhi Academy established by Zheng Kezang trying to imitate the French Academy of Sciences, they were not included in the shogunate this time.

Each of the above-mentioned ministries has a second-rank Shang and a third-rank minister, and each department has a division. The division has a fourth-rank Lang and a fifth-rank Yuanwailang. There is one person in charge of the rank, two from the seventh rank, and several staff from the eighth rank to the ninth rank.In addition to the above-mentioned personnel, the Department Division also has one inspector of the fourth rank and one rank five, and several inspectors of the sixth rank and seventh rank.Among them, Shang, Shilang, Langzhong, Yuanwailang, and the principal all stayed in Beijing to work, and the inspectors also had to travel to other places in addition to sharing the ministry's affairs.In addition, the Ministry has a sixth-rank and left-right Cheng in charge of departmental affairs, and the department has a seventh-rank secretary who is responsible for coordination duties, and there are several subordinates.

Each yamen has a minister who will be responsible for the third rank and a minister who is the co-organizer of the fourth rank. Under it, there are bureaus equivalent to subordinate divisions. The bureaus are composed of Langzhong and Yuanwailang. As for inspectors, left and right ministers, and bureau affairs, they are also set up together, but the ranks of officials at all levels are lower than those of other ministries.

The Court of Appeals, the Court of Appeals, and the Oversight Yuan each have a Zhengqing of the second rank and a member of the Shaoqing of the third rank. There are only the third and fourth ranks, and the Zhengqing and Shaoqing of the Supreme Hospital only have the third and fourth ranks.

It is equivalent to the original official court of the Ministry of Officials. It has four departments, including literary selection, dispatch, merit examination, and archiving.There are divisions under the hall, and each division has one person in charge of the sixth rank, two governors of the seventh rank, and some from the seventh rank and below.There are also a number of inspectors in the courtyard to help with complicated government affairs.

Similar to the Dali Temple, the Court of Appeals set up one supervisor of the fourth-rank court below Shaoqing, two senior officials from the fourth-rank court to preside over the affairs of the court, in addition, there were twelve judges of the fourth-rank court, and four court officials of the fifth-rank court. According to the law, there are a few who are below the seventh rank.Once a major case arises that requires the Court of Appeal, Zhengqing will select a number of judges and at least one lawyer to form a collegial panel for the trial.

The Control Yuan, which is equivalent to the Metropolitan Procuratorate, has set up 22 supervisory envoys under Shaoqing who are responsible for supervising the five-rank official ranks of the central and local governments.Because there are many people who supervise the censor, Zheng Kezang deliberately cut off the six subjects called "Kao Dao", so that the responsibility for supervision is all on the head of the censor. To be able to take on this important task, under each supervisory censor, there are four to five six-rank supervisory censors and the same number of seventh-rank supervisory censors Lixing as assistants.In addition, there are also Zhengsipin Yuanjian and Congsipin Yuancheng in charge of courtyard affairs in the courtyard, Zhengqipin dictionaries for managing cultural archives, and several offices between Zhengqipin and Congjiupin.

The imperial hospital set up the medical school of the fifth rank, the great physician of the fifth rank, the first-class physician of the sixth rank, the second-class physician of the sixth rank, the first-class doctor of the seventh rank, the second-class doctor of the seventh rank, and the eighth-rank physician. There are ten grades of medical officials, including third-class doctors from the eighth rank, first-class doctors from the eighth rank, second-class doctors from the ninth rank, and third-class doctors from the ninth rank. In the folk, the four grades of Tiandi Ryohei are used to distinguish the qualifications of doctors. , As for the affairs of the hospital, the supervisor and the prime minister are also in charge.

Above the ministries, courtyards, and yamen, Zheng Kezang also re-established the Political Affairs Hall, which is composed of the Prime Minister, the Minister of Finance, the Minister of Military Affairs, the Minister of Law and the Minister of Internal Affairs.The chancellor of finance is selected from among the ministers of the branch, the Ministry of Salt and Iron, and the treasury, customs, and tax yamen; The Prime Minister is selected from the chief officials of the Overwatch Council, the Overwatch Council, and the Police and Prison Administration Offices; the Prime Minister is selected from among the Ministers of the Interior; General counselors are appointed by the chief officials of the Ministry of Posts and Communications, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Education, and the Institute of Rituals who do not have a "minister". As for the prime minister, he is chosen from among the senior ministers.Usually, each side is in charge of their own side, and at most discusses government affairs with the prime minister. It turns out that the drafting power of the Ming and Qing cabinets is divided among each phase, so as to prevent one person from monopolizing power like Zhang Juzheng.However, in case of major events and national policy formulation or matters that require communication between multiple ministries, the prime minister will convene a meeting of the political affairs hall in front of the imperial court to resolve them.

In addition to these administrative departments, Zheng Kezang also reorganized the Office of Staff into the Privy Council.The Privy Council has one privy envoy, two deputy envoys, one to three co-prefects, four clerks, three to five co-professors, and a number of first-class to fourth-class appraisers.Unlike the Privy Council in the Song Dynasty, which was controlled by civil servants, Zheng Ji’s Privy Council was controlled by military officials, but it usually only had the power to advise the supreme ruler, and had no right to raise money and deploy troops, and completely obeyed the supreme ruler himself. And subject to the two ministries of the army and navy controlled by civilian officials, the power to command troops is only authorized by the supreme ruler in wartime.

According to Zheng Kezang's design, in the future, branch courts, yamen, and branches will also be set up in all provinces, and local agencies with the same functions will also be set up in each prefecture and county. Block, to clarify inter-departmental responsibilities is affirmative.However, due to the lack of a sufficient number of qualified officials at the moment, the central government can only put up the airs first and then the local governments, and there is still a long way to go before the real implementation.Having said that, there are some things that have to be said. If Zheng Kezang is really allowed to complete the political reform, then it will be just around the corner before he establishes a national name.

After recruiting the generals, the shogunate was reorganized, and the institutions in the Metropolitan Governor's Mansion were immediately abolished, and the Metropolitan Governor's Mansion was reduced to an official just like the others in the Zhu Ming Dynasty, and the shogunate was really sent.But Zheng Kezang was still not satisfied, because this set of things could not be implemented locally, so he issued an order two days before the seal of the end of the year to "attach Guoguo and leave the city" as the beginning of his local administrative reform.

The so-called "Fuguo Licheng" is to separate all prefectures and counties within the same urban area, and the prefectures will control the management of the city. As for the counties attached to Guo, they will be removed from the city and choose another county government.In this way, although a considerable amount of money will be spent to build a new county seat, a new commercial center can be established and the scope of management can be clarified. And this phenomenon is more obvious in the case of two counties in the same city --- it paves the way for the nationwide reform of judicial power in the future.

Perhaps because he felt that "attached to Guo Licheng" was not enough, Zheng Kezang issued an order to "unify the domain names" the next day.You must know that at that time, the names of county and state capitals were absolutely unmistakable, but below the county level, various places had different titles, such as "du" and "tu", also known as "xiang" and "village". There are also those called "Bao" and "Li", and those who use Baojia like Dongning. There are so many names that those who are not familiar with it will not be able to understand the relationship between superiors and subordinates.In order to solve this problem, Zheng Kezang formally ordered uniformity, the county governs the township, the township governs the bao, and the baojia is under the guarantor, so as to strengthen the county's control over the countryside.

Several orders were issued, and the Chinese New Year would be over in a few days, but Wuding's four-year Zhengdan Dynasty did not realize it. The son saluted and kowtowed, so the grand ceremony that should have been held in a grand manner was ignored, but the pilgrimage ceremony in Anping City was replayed in the Xia Palace.