Back to the Republic of China as a commander

After the Wuchang Uprising, the provinces became independent one after another, the Republic of China began, and the attempt to create a democratic regime officially began. China's political life took on an unprecedented new look.This new atmosphere arouses great political enthusiasm among the people, and also promotes the differentiation and combination of various political forces, so as to express and safeguard the interests of their own classes and interest groups, and thus a large number of political parties have sprung up.Over a year after the Wuchang Uprising, with the convening of the Provisional Senate, the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, and the subsequent election of the first Congress, there was an upsurge of party formation in China.All kinds of parties, groups, and political platform declarations dazzled people for a while, and a new look unique in history appeared on the Chinese political stage.

The biggest difference between the Chinese and the British is that the British always talk about the weather first, while the first thing we Chinese say is, have you eaten?Therefore, the title of foodie is well-deserved by the descendants of Yan and Huang.

But after all, such a question is too vulgar, at least people who think they have status will not ask such a question.A popular way of asking recently is: "Dare to ask your party is xx? Now you are also in the party?"

Well, what is it all about? Party members have become synonymous with identity.

The foundations of many political parties in the early Republic of China were not solid.Moreover, political parties at the beginning of the Republic of China also had the characteristics of loose organization, isolation from the masses, and loose party discipline.At that time, all political parties did not pay attention to the construction of organizational discipline, and were seriously divorced from the people, and even divorced from the classes and strata they represented.Most political parties have no grassroots organizations and rarely connect with the grassroots.Even for a few big parties, their activities are mainly focused on the upper strata of society, focusing on dignitaries, celebrities and politicians, busy with joint struggles in the Congress.To a certain extent, the so-called political party activities in the early Republic of China were actually the activities of a small number of party leaders.In the political arena in the early Republic of China, the Tongmenghui, which had been in an illegal status for a long time and had been fighting for the establishment of a republic for more than a decade, became an open political party with the establishment of the Republic of China and occupied the center of political power in the Republic of China.In the Nanjing Provisional Government, the Tongmenghui was in the position of the ruling party, and the majority of members of the Senate and the provisional president were all members of the League.The "Republic of China Federation", which split from the Tongmenghui, united with some people from the constitutional monarchy faction to reorganize the "United Party"; Some of the Shouyi people and the constitutionalists formed the "civil society".These parties were quite active in the political arena at that time. They either occupied certain seats in various ministries of the central government, or in the Senate, or in local public opinion organizations and governments. The competition between the two major political forces of the constitutionalists.

Specifically, it can be divided into three factions.One is the Tongmenghui headed by Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, and Song Jiaoren, a radical political party belonging to the Kuomintang system, representing the middle and lower strata of the Chinese national bourgeoisie at that time. Most of its members were revolutionaries in the late Qing Dynasty, and there were also a small number of constitutionalists and old Bureaucrats, politicians, etc.However, according to history textbooks, they actively promoted and maintained the bourgeois democratic republic system, emphasized civil rights, opposed corruption, and publicly advertised the purpose of "consolidating the republic and implementing civilian politics". They became the most progressive force in promoting democratic politics in China at that time.

The other faction is the conservative party of the Progressive Party system headed by Liang Qichao, Tang Hualong, Li Yuanhong, and Sun Wu, representing the upper strata of the Chinese national bourgeoisie at that time, mainly the original constitutionalists, and its members include some old bureaucrats, landlords and gentry, and a small number of revolutionary parties Internally, they have economic strength, support a democratic republic system, emphasize state power, and advocate conservatism. Although they have cooperated with the revolutionaries to a certain extent, they have a deep relationship with the old bureaucracy and often support or cling to the government.

In the political arena in the early Republic of China, there was another faction of political forces, that was the old bureaucratic faction of the Beiyang warlords headed by Yuan Shikai.Also according to the history textbooks, this faction of political forces possesses political, economic, and military advantages, attempts to establish an independent dictatorship, and uses various means to destroy the republican system and party politics, which is the biggest obstacle on the road to democracy.

In fact, according to Wang Zhenyu combined with his own efforts in the past year, the above-mentioned progress, reaction, democracy, and dictatorship are all nonsense.All political slogans and political propositions have only one purpose, to gain power, nothing more.

Although he knew the direction of history and knew that Yuan Shikai would eventually turn against the Revolutionary Party in the face of power, and that Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the father of the nation, would suffer a great loss, Wang Zhenyu could do nothing about it.He knew very well who he was, he was just a small Xiangxi guard, and even Song Jiaoren, who went around trying to lure people into the party, was unwilling to spend time on himself.This is the best assessment of one's current influence on this era. Wherever one has the time to actively participate in politics, it is better to bend down and manage one-third of one's acre of land well.

Therefore, Wang Zhenyu did not receive the persuasion envoy Zhang Xueji sent by Song Jiaoren at all, but entrusted Tian Yingzhao and Yang Wangui to entertain him. Naturally, he declined the request to join the Kuomintang.Just kidding, who has nothing to do to find a father for himself to play with, now that I recognize you as a father, this year will be followed by the second revolution, so I can't be unlucky with you?

Wang Zhenyu knew that his Xiangxi development plan would not be effective until at least two years later, and before that, no matter whether Yuan Shikai was right or wrong, it would be inappropriate to offend Yuan Shikai rashly.

However, Wang Zhenyu became interested in political parties. In the final analysis, it is still a matter of legal system.Wang Zhenyu hopes to turn his army into a party army through a political party, so that no matter who orders to remove him from the post of guard envoy, the army will still be his own.Moreover, the effect of controlling the army through thought is greater than the system construction of the army itself. More importantly, if you do not have a clear political program, why do you let these young people work for you? Is it just eating you?

But how is this party organized?What kind of party should you organize?

Wang Zhenyu doesn't want the political party he created to become a new Beiyang warlord in the end, surpassing the country and the nation, and then causing disasters for future generations, and he himself will be pointed at and scolded by others.Therefore, the party should not be too small and strong, but should be relatively loose.But it can't be like the political parties in the United States. It is completely an electoral structure, which does not meet the current needs of fighting for world hegemony.

After much deliberation, Wang Zhenyu didn't come up with any tricks, and finally slapped his head, regardless of his type, let's set it up first.

The organizational structure is very simple, and the self from later generations can easily copy a reasonable organization:

Be the chairman of the party yourself, and then set up a central executive committee as the highest authority of the whole party. A Central Standing Committee is set up to be responsible for daily affairs, and several departments such as the organization department and the propaganda department are set up below to be responsible for party affairs.Then set up a military committee and a few key members of the army will come in, and the military and government will also be separated within the party, otherwise if I don't want to play in the future, it will end.In order to prevent someone from taking advantage of the current framework to engage in dictatorship again, China is enough to have a man like Wang Zhenyu.

The matter of forming a party should not be rushed, it must be divided into several steps:

The first step is to say hello to Yang Wangui and Xu Yuanquan, and to express this idea indirectly. Whether you can understand it is the same thing, whether you accept it or not is the key to the problem.

The second step is to organize a preparatory team. Since it is to form a party, it must have a political program and rules and regulations.

The third step is to use the political department of the current Xiangxi Army School as the team, and after a period of time, set up this shelf first.

At the same time, Wang Zhenyu also made control assumptions about the scope of party affairs:

First, it does not involve the judicial system;

Second, focus on the implementation of the military system, including the establishment of party representatives and the development of youth league members;

Third, there are no party organizations in the government system, and party organizations in the education system are not included in the administrative scope.

Fourth, Party organizations set up reference intelligence departments in local branches, and set up county party headquarters, city party headquarters, etc.; the main task is to contact localities, publicize policies, and recruit party members; do not directly interfere with local civil affairs.

This job is not easy, it is a big job.

After thinking about it for a long time, Wang Zhenyu asked Zhu Cihan to invite Liu Xing, Zhou Lan and Chen Shao over.I can use to do this work at present, I think about it and only these three. . .

In the meeting room on the third floor of the administrative building of the Guarding Mission's Mansion, four men had already held a meeting all night.Everyone's face was filled with excitement, as if they were doing something very meaningful.

Many years later, Zhou Lan, who had been retired at home, recalled her past with her children and said with emotion: "Don't listen to others saying that I am a wise general or a blessed general. I have done something meaningful in my life. The thing is that I participated in the formation of the National Socialist Party. Don’t look at this, now the party doesn’t exist, but if you don’t have this party, you won’t have what China is today...”

Chen Shao also wrote in his diary: "For a long time, my biggest dream was to give up my pen and join the army and become a general in all directions, but today, this dream was killed by the commander himself. I knew that, in fact, he has always been He treats me as a civil servant, although forming a party is of great significance, but if there is a choice, I hope that the person responsible for implementing it is not me."

All of the above are precious audio and text materials preserved in the Federal Historical Museum. . .