late Qing Dynasty arrest

"If you come to guard Qingyang by yourself, how should you develop and build this place?" Watching the sunset, Li Guolou thought about the suffering of the war and put his mind on the reconstruction after the war.

When I came to a hilly area, there was a cave dwelling in front of me.There are soldiers guarding the low walls around the gate, and inside the compound is an underground cave dwelling, which is called the pit courtyard, where Xu Zhanbiao's headquarters is located.

In the plain, a square pit about one mu square is dug out, and then a cave dwelling is dug out for people to live in. This is called pit yard.The extremely rare pit courtyard is naturally an excellent scenery in Dong Zhiyuan. It is warm in winter and cool in summer. It uses local materials and does not damage the natural environment.

The pit yard is to dig a square or rectangular deep pit on the flat loess ground, about 6 or 7 meters deep, and a rectangular or square earth pit with a length of 2 to 15 meters as a yard, and then dig 10 to 14 meters on the four walls of the pit. There are 2000 cave dwellings, and the project volume is about [-] earthworks.

The cave is about 3 meters high, 8 to 12 meters deep, and about 4 meters wide. The walls of the cave below two meters are vertical, and the walls above two meters to the top are circular arches.Then a number of cave dwellings were dug on the four walls of the pit, and in one of the cave dwellings there was a slope passage leading to the ground with a curved right angle, which was the doorway for people to travel.

A circle of green brick and blue tile eaves is built around the pit yard and the ground to drain rainwater. A 30-50 cm high horse barrier wall is built on the eaves. There are also such horse barrier walls around the passage leading to the bottom of the pit. These low walls are firstly designed to prevent ground rainwater from pouring into the courtyard, secondly, for the safety of people working on the ground and children, and thirdly, for architectural decoration, so that the whole courtyard looks beautiful and harmonious.

People live in pits, so the drainage problem is naturally the most important thing. The latest chapter.For this reason, a dry well with a depth of 4 to 5 meters was dug in the middle of the pit yard, commonly known as a seepage pit, which is specially used to collect and infiltrate rainwater into the pit.There is a deep water well next to the pit yard and the passage leading to the ground, and a potter's wheel is added to solve the draft problem of humans and animals.Each cave dwelling in the pit yard is divided into main kiln, guest kiln, kitchen kiln, livestock kiln, latrine, door cave and other functions.

Pit yards are generally single-door courtyards, and there are also two-entry courtyards and three-entry courtyards, that is, one door opening is connected to 2 to 3 pit courtyards.

Dikengyuan is located on the edge of the Loess Plateau, the soil layer is thick and hard, and the cave dwelling is also a natural temperature regulator, warm in winter and cool in summer.Therefore, the Dikengyuan has been loved by people in the mountainous area of ​​Western Henan on the banks of the Yellow River for thousands of years. This is the deep attachment between the people who grew up in the Loess Plateau and the loess, and the inexhaustible blood of the ancestors of the Loess people.

Xu Zhanbiao's personal guards were all Tujia native soldiers. They looked jet-black, with tattoos and piercings on their faces, and their hair was not shaved but tied in braids.And very short and thin, with a rattan flat knife stuck in his waist, wearing a blue double-breasted blouse with colorful embroidery on the hem and turban, very chic, with a left open front, lace-up trousers, and double-hooked ducks on his feet Mouth shoes.

But it is this Tujia soldiers who are the trump card in Xu Zhanbiao's hands. There are two battalions of troops, more than 1000 people.One is composed of Tujia native soldiers, and the other is Guangxi Cubing.

Cu soldiers are both strong soldiers, mainly in blue and black dresses, short clothes and trousers.Zhuang people wear short skirts in flowered clothes, and men wear short shirts called Li Tong. The front and back of the waist do not cover the knees. It is a Tang suit with a broken chest and two breasts. , there are two large pockets on the abdomen, the hem is folded inward to form a wide edge, and symmetrical slits are opened on the left and right sides of the lower edge.Wear baggy trousers, short to below the knee.Wrap leggings, tie a headscarf, and wear cloud-toed cloth-soled shoes.

Xu Zhanbiao became the commander of the North Road and the main force to attack Dong Zhiyuan by virtue of mastering the elite soldiers of these two ethnic minorities and commanding the twelve battalions of elite soldiers.

In the Shaanxi-Gansu Army, Zuo Zongtang's Chu Army has the strongest combat effectiveness and the strongest strength, with 33 battalions.Next came Liu Songshan's [-]th Battalion of the Old Hunan Army (later expanded into the [-]th Battalion), and then Xu Zhanbiao's [-]th Battalion of the Sichuan Army.All the armies on the North Road obeyed Xu Zhanbiao's command.

As commander-in-chief Zuo Zongtang never came to Dong Zhiyuan, and handed over the military command of the North Road to Xu Zhanbiao.

The Tujia native soldiers are descendants of the Ba people, who have lived in the Qingshui River Basin in western Hubei, eastern Chongqing, and western Hunan.In the Ming Dynasty, due to the good relationship between the chieftain and the imperial court, whenever there was a major internal trouble, he often took the Yongbao native soldiers.

In the mid-Ming Dynasty, Yongbao native soldiers were the most prosperous. Yongbao refers to the territory of Yongshun County in Hunan today. After long-term battles with other ethnic minorities and the central dynasty, the native soldiers of Yongbao and the central dynasty formed their own unique military system and military culture.

According to Ming Shizong's records, "each banner has its own strengths... Each banner is divided into each state division, and all belong to the general division."

Banner, state division, and general division constitute the chieftain's military-political power structure.The chieftain puts soldiers in the farm, and the natives also serve as soldiers and farmers.

"If you have something to do, you will mobilize it as an army to prepare for battle, and if you have nothing to do, you will scatter for the people to practice farming and chiseling."

The natives have to go through strict training in the prescribed training ground.

"In the second mile to the west of Yongshun Sizhi, there is a school ground where the natives often perform martial arts. There is Bosheping five miles to the northwest, and the Sunshine Garden five miles to the north. The terrain is spacious, and the natives often practice martial arts here."

The Tujia family lived in the mountains for a long time and were good at fighting in the mountains and flat land. Hu Zongxian said, "Short-handed combat, the thieves are very skilled, and those who are close to being able to rule, but the skills of the Huguang hook, sickle, spear and crossbow will definitely move the Yong (Shun) Bao (Jing) two to proclaim consolation." Division elite soldiers."

Infantry is the main arm of the native soldiers. The main weapons used are rattan cards, hooked sickle spears, and crossbows. The hooked sickle guns are of different lengths.The reason why the Tujia people are strong in battle is not only the sturdy folk customs, but also the perfect combat formation.The formation of the soldiers is a triangle, and the flags (620 five men per state or division, 25 men per flag) form the battle order.

There are 24 banners for each division: the head, and one person for each banner;

time, the three of them are listed as the second level;

The second time, five people ranked as the third level;

The second time, seven people ranked as the fourth;

And secondly, seven or eight people are listed as the fifth Chenhui God of War.After all the others arrived, they cheered and cheered.

The triangular array is headed by rattan cards, with guns on the left and right, followed by strong crossbows.The small triangle forms a large triangle, the formation is not dense but has strong stability, the length of weapons is coordinated, and the formation is coordinated with each other in front, back, left, and right.The soil soldiers are strictly disciplined, adopting the method of sitting together, and the record of military merits is not based on the individual beheading, but the head of the soldiers who cut the head of the team. Its formation can remain stable, and it can cooperate with long and short in close combat, and its assault ability is very strong.

Such an army that does not need the imperial court's food and pay, and must be recruited several times as much as the order, as the only heroine recorded in official history, Qin Liangyu, a famous general in the late Ming Dynasty, was born as a chieftain, which shows the role of Tujia soldiers in the Ming Dynasty.

Guangxi Bing Bing: Bing Bing originated in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. It was a military system in which Zhuang chieftains used Bing Bing in order to serve the imperial court.

Guangxi Cubing consists of 7 people, and each team fights independently.

In each team, there are 4 people who specialize in stabbing, and 3 people who specialize in beheading, so that they can receive rewards for their merits.

When charging, one person moved forward, and the left and right people in the same group shouted and supported them.When one team moves forward, all the left and right teams will support it, and the whole team will cooperate closely, with the spear holders at the front, and the crossbowmen guarding the two sides, forming a sharp knife formation and playing the role of long and short weapons.

The soldiers are divided into horse spearmen, step-off archers, step-off spearmen, waist-pattern soldiers, bird gun soldiers, firemen, standard-bearers, crossbowmen, skirmishers, and sanshou.

Weapons include barrel armor, long spears, swords, javelins, cave knives, ring knives, hand side knives, shields, wooden crossbows, mountain crossbows, sugar palm arrows, medicine arrows, guns, etc. Javelins and poisonous arrows are the most sophisticated.

Compared with the native soldiers, the soldiers do not have a solid formation, but the combat units are more flexible. With small units and multi-armies cooperating with each other, especially for chaotic warfare, they are almost invincible.

Qi Jiguang's mandarin duck formation was inspired by this, and the Qi's army's harsh military law also borrowed from the chieftain system of the Cu soldiers.

Similar to the native soldiers, the Zu soldiers are also an organization that integrates the army with the people. The clan law is very strict, and it adopts the method of sitting together similar to the native soldiers.

However, in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the regular military household system, that is, the Weisuo, had withered, and only such minority areas still maintained this system and could preserve it for a long time.

Therefore, when the officers and soldiers were weak, the minority troops became the elite of the Ming military force.The two armies were able to achieve the first military exploits in the southeast at that time.

One is its melee combat capability, the tactics and weapons of the local soldiers, all of which are learned from the experience and lessons learned in the long-term battles in the mountains and hills. Only when the tactics are right can the strategic goals be achieved.

The second is strict discipline. The soldiers in the world who can't discipline are scattered and brave. Qi Jiguang's military training focuses on discipline first, which is based on the ability of the local soldiers.

The third is that the folk customs are originally sturdy and brave in battle.Yongshun Peng's and Baojingtian's chieftains were [-] years old and they went out with the army.Since ancient times, due to environmental factors, Huguang has a strong folk customs. Hunan is especially in the west of Hunan, and Guangxi should be regarded as the north of Guangxi.

When facing an opponent with good maneuverability and strong long-range strike ability, the Tujia soldiers are still a bit beyond their reach.However, fighting in the mountains is the strength of the local soldiers. These two ethnic minority troops attacked Shi Dakai, the winged king of the Tianping Heavenly Kingdom, and made great military exploits.Now he has moved to the Northwest and continues to serve the Qing emperor.

Peng Dingyue, chieftain of the native soldiers, and Mo Baoguo, chieftain of the pagan soldiers, personally led the team. Peng Dingyue and Mo Baoguo also wore the official robes of sixth-rank military officers and greeted Li Guolou.

Chieftain Peng Dingyue is more than 50 years old, with gray hair and a goatee beard, short and strong, hale and hearty, with two flintlock guns on his body.

Peng Dingyue saw the revolver worn by Li Guolou's new military uniform, and he was extremely jealous. Although the officers here also have revolvers, they are all old-fashioned gunpowder pistols. He saw that the thirty personal guards led by Li Guolou each wore a Take the Browning revolver.This is obviously a local rich man who is richer than him.

Peng Dingyue cunningly took off the two flintlock guns on his body, and immediately told Li Guolou the rules of the Tujia, and said loudly: "The Xuezheng of the Xinwu Hall is indeed strong and strong. Our Tujia rules, friends have to exchange gifts when they meet, I will give Master Xuezheng two flintlock guns in exchange for a Browning revolver Xin Gewuzhidao. Hahahaha!"

Bringing out Peng Dingyue's ethnic policy made Li Guolou look at Xu Zhanbiao in embarrassment. Seeing that Xu Zhanbiao was still stroking his beard and showing no signs of expression, he was also an old fox.In order to build a good relationship with the friendly army, he reluctantly took off the holster and handed it to Peng Dingyue, with a wry smile on his face: "Peng chieftain, this is the only family property of the lower official, the exchange of gifts will be discussed when I return to the capital. "

This sentence is for the other military officers to hear, he is here to make military exploits, not to make war fortune, how can he sell Li Ziying's family fortune to them.Although these military officers don't look at their worn-out military uniforms, their dusty and gloomy faces, they are actually rich and rich. They share the joys and sorrows with the soldiers on the battlefield, and when they return to their hometowns, they live in deep houses and large courtyards.Not to mention the equipment of Li Guolou's first team of guards and soldiers, the entire Li Ziying sold them to them, no need to bargain, and the deal was done immediately.

Mo Baoguo, the chieftain of the soldiers, was at a disadvantage. He watched Peng Dingyue, the chieftain of the soldiers, playing with the Browning revolver very unwillingly. The teachers of Ziying returned to Beijing to exchange gifts."

Before Li Guolou agreed, Xu Zhanbiao spoke first this time: "That's for sure. Mr. Li comes to the front line when it's freezing and snowy. Take it easy when you go back, and obey the command in all actions."

Li Guolou just wanted to see the power of the artillery attacking the fortress on the high slope of the loess, and said anxiously: "Vice Marshal Xu, I just came to the front line, and I want to be rewarded for my meritorious service. Give the fortress that has been stubbornly resisting to Li Zi." Battalion, I promise to take down a fort in three days and dare to issue a military order."

Why is Li Guolou so courageous, daring to brag about Haikou on the front line? You must know that military law is ruthless and cannot be questioned, let alone jokes.In fact, it is related to Dong Zhiyuan's geographical environment. Although there are many gullies here, one high slope is connected with another high slope, but the slope is not steep. A high loess slope is at most 100 meters, and the fortress built on it is still more than 100 meters. He built the fort, and the cannon fired at an upward angle. Although the power was weakened, with the sharp explosive bullets, no matter how strong the stone fortress was, it could be blasted to the ground.So he has the confidence to dare to say this sentence, and it's not because of his will.

Xu Zhanbiao had artillery, and it was made by Wan Guo, but it was not as advanced as the artillery brought by Li Guolou. The base of the original stored artillery shells was not enough, and the full-scale attack could not be launched until the beginning of spring. The power of the artillery shells was not as powerful as the powerful Prussian flower shells.He also wanted to see the power of the new artillery that was transported thousands of miles to the front line. As for the fact that Li Guolou crossed over to reap military merits, he already knew it well. Commander Zuo gave him this hot potato to let him If Yongying gains benefits, don't forget to share military merits with Li Ziying.

"Okay! Li Xuezheng's loyalty and courage are commendable. He dared to bring Li Ziying to Dong Zhiyuan. Our army transports food on the main road, and often harass our army. I just attacked our army transport team two days ago. I wanted to pull out this nail. The commander ordered Li Ziying to go to Xiaokongtong tomorrow, and pull out these three before the beginning of spring. Fortress, clear the obstacles for our army."

"Zha! I will do my best, live up to the heavy trust, and take the little Kongtong before the spring." Li Guolou was overjoyed, turned over and knelt on the ground, and took a token.He stroked the hard-won wooden token with joy, and was finally able to fight.

Then Guo Baochang, the garrison of the Anhui Army who was in peace, and Huang Ding of the Sichuan Army's Shan'an Road quarreled, and they both rushed to cooperate with Li Ziying to attack Xiao Kongtong.

Guo Baochang first said: "Deputy Marshal Xu, give me a hundred Mausers, and I want a cotton coat too. I'm not greedy, that's enough. I promise to cooperate with Li Ziying to capture Xiao Kongtong."

Huang Ding of the Sichuan Army's Shan'an Road also stood up because he was Xu Zhanbiao's confidant, and shouted: "Guo Dazui, you want to interfere in everything. Our Sichuan Army hasn't made any achievements yet. Deputy Commander Xu has his own ideas."

"Fart! I want to be knighted, and I will risk my life."

Peng Dingyue, the chieftain of the local soldiers in the cave dwelling, and Mo Baoguo, the chieftain of the Cu soldiers, also joined the battle group and asked to cooperate with Li Ziying to attack the defenders of Xiaokongtong.Here, people can see the bloodiness of the soldiers, and the mountains of swords and seas of fire are rushing to fight.

Li Guolou looked at this scene, who said that the Qing Dynasty was sunset and dusk?With so many loyal and patriotic soldiers, the Qing Dynasty will rise, burn patriotic fighting spirit, sway loyal and brave blood, and glow with fiery youth!