Plane Travel Guide

After Yuan Hao angered the Song Dynasty, he sent an envoy back to Zhi Guoshu and the Song Dynasty, saying: "The edict brought back by the envoy is not the same as the edict issued by Jieshou Zhang."

The letter of return said: "The envoy who held the order has not yet returned, and the soldiers in the southern border are restless, and they entered the border at nine places including Luyan, Linfu, Huanqing, and Jingyuan. First break the oath, and don't surrender the order to induce the border Love, secretly conspiring to kill the master (accusing the Song Dynasty for inducing the party and the people to rebel). Fans and Han are different, and the country is very different. Fortunately, it is not an arrogance (referring to Yuanhao's proclaiming the emperor is different from his subordinates' rebellion). Why is jealousy? Yuanhao is everyone It is inferred that Gai Tuoba, a distant descendant of the Northern Wei Dynasty, is Emperor Tuhuang, why not?

"Kuang Yuanhao and the Khitan (Liao State) have been cooperating with relatives and envoys for many years (using the Liao State to exert diplomatic pressure on the Song Dynasty). Showing a reward (referring to the matter of rewarding Yuan Hao's head), it is forbidden to "disturb" the Tibetan people. Fu Ji will read Fei's words again, be thorough and sincere, and give the gift of peace, and extend the kindness of friendship."

Xixia defended the north of the Yellow River with 7 soldiers and horses to defend the Liao Kingdom, 5 soldiers and horses guarded the south of the Yellow River to defend against the Song Dynasty, and 3 soldiers and horses guarded Ganzhou to prepare for Tubo and Uyghur.In addition, 5 soldiers and horses were stationed in Helan Mountain, 5 troops in Lingzhou, and 7 troops in Xingzhou, echoing the above-mentioned places.The total number of the main army is about [-].

In the third year of Qingli, 1043 A.D., Wang Yaochen, the envoy of the Third Division of Quan, made statistics: Before Yuan Hao invaded the frontier, Shaanxi spent 550 million yuan in money, silk, grain and grass.Since the border invasion, the annual expenditure has been 360 million.The original annual expenditure of Hedong was 850 million, which increased to 1753 million after the war.Plane Travel Guide [-]

However, taxation, corvee, recruitment of strong men, archers, drought, floods, locust plagues and other natural disasters have caused "father and son couples to throw themselves into wells and die" among the common people.

Party item Jianguo

Xixia (AD 1038-1227) was a country established by a party of the Qiang nationality.Dangxiang, also known as Dangxiang Qiang, originally lived in present-day Qinghai and northwestern Sichuan. It was oppressed by Tubo in the [-]th and [-]th centuries, and gradually migrated to Ningxia, Gansu and northern Shaanxi.The early party items were divided into eight parts, with the Tuoba part being the strongest.In the Tang Dynasty, the Tuoba tribe was further divided into Dongshan and Pingxia tribes.The Dongshan part lived in Qingzhou (now Qingyang, Gansu), and the Pingxia part was distributed in Xiazhou (now Jingbian, Shaanxi) and Yinzhou (now Suide North, Shaanxi).At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Tuoba Sigong, the leader of the Pingxia tribe, was awarded the Jiedu Envoy of the Dingnan Army for his contribution to helping Tangping Huangchao. Zhixibei), You (today's Jingbian West, Shaanxi) and other five states.It is the ancestor of Xixia.

After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Jipeng, the successor of Tuoba Sigong, entered the dynasty in the seventh year of Taiping Xingguo (982) of Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty. Northeast of Yongning) The land of five states was returned to the Song Dynasty.However, Li Jiqian, Li Jipeng's younger brother, fled to Dijinze in the northeast of Xiazhou (in today's Etuoke Banner, Yikezhao League, Inner Mongolia), and opposed the Song Dynasty to stand on his own.In the second year of Song Yongxi (985), Li Jiqian attacked Yinzhou (now Mizhi, Shaanxi) and killed the guard Cao Guangshi.He also professed his minister to the Liao State and was named the King of Xia.After that, he repeatedly competed with the Song Dynasty for the land in the northwest, successively attacked Fuzhou (now Fugu, Shaanxi), Qingyuan Army (now north of Huanxian, Gansu), Lingzhou (now southwest of Lingwu, Ningxia) and other places, and defeated the Song Five Route Army.In the second year of Zhidao (997), he negotiated peace with Song Dynasty and was appointed as governor of Xiazhou.In the fifth year of Xianping (1002), Song Zhenzong rebelled against the Song Dynasty, captured Lingzhou, changed it to Xiping Mansion, and designated it as the capital.In the following year, he led the army to attack Xiliang Mansion and was attacked by the Liugu tribe of the Tubo tribe. He was wounded and died.

After Li Jiqian's death, his eldest son Li Deming succeeded to the Xia throne.Adopt the policy of "according to Liao and Song" externally, profess vassals to Liao and Song at the same time, accept the titles of the two countries, and wait for opportunities to develop westward.In a few years, they attacked Tubo and Uyghur in the west, and captured Xiliang Mansion (now Wuwei, Gansu), Ganzhou (now north of Zhangye, Gansu), Guazhou (now east of Anxi, Gansu), Shazhou (now east of Dunhuang, Gansu) and other places.Its sphere of influence extended to Yumen Pass and the entire Hexi Corridor.Internally, it attaches great importance to the development of economy, so that the agriculture in the area has a greater development.He also took advantage of the favorable opportunity to actively carry out various preparations for proclaiming the emperor and founding the country.

In the fourth year of Tianxi (1020), the ruling body was moved from Xiping Prefecture to Huaiyuan Town (formerly Lingzhou, now Yinchuan, Ningxia), renamed Xingzhou, and officially established the capital.In the first year of Song Renzong Mingdao (1032), Li Deming died, and his eldest son Li Yuanhao succeeded to the throne of Xia. The Song Dynasty made him attack the Jiedushi of the Nanjun Army and named him King Xiping.After Yuan Hao took over the throne, he continued to use troops to Hexi, and successively occupied Guazhou (Anxi, Gansu), Shazhou (Dunhuang, Gansu), and Suzhou (Jiuquan, Gansu).From then on, the territory of Xixia "ends to the Yellow River in the east, Yumen in the west, Xiaoguan in the south, and the desert in the north, with a place of more than ten thousand miles, relying on Helan Mountain as a solid foundation."

Yuan Hao changed the surname given by Tang and Song to Wei as his surname.Claiming to be Wuzu (Qingtianzi).Li Yuanhao was deeply influenced by Han Confucian culture. He set up a central "government" agency according to the official system of the Song Dynasty, and formulated the official system, military system, and laws, which reflected the profound influence of Han culture on the Northwest people.Xixia script is a character script that Li Yuanhao ordered his minister Nori Renrong to imitate the Chinese script.There are a total of [-] created characters, compiled into a book, divided into twelve volumes, called "Book of the Kingdom".Its creation is deeply influenced by the Chinese language. It is very similar to Chinese characters in shape, but it also has its distinctive national characteristics and innovation.The establishment and implementation of Xixia characters played a great role in the development of Xixia politics, economy, and culture, and also provided important materials for modern people to study the history and culture of Xixia.

In the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Li Yuanhao officially proclaimed himself emperor. The name of the founding country was Daxia, and Xingzhou, also known as Xingqingfu (now Yinchuan, Ningxia), was the capital.Since then, a Xixia that has stood up to Song and Liao has officially entered the stage of history.After the founding of Xixia, it first fought wars with Song Dynasty and won the battles of Sanchuankou (northwest of Yan'an, Shaanxi), Haoshuichuan (east of Longde, Ningxia), and Dingchuanzhai (northwest of Guyuan, Gansu).Later, he fought against Liao and defeated the Liao army led by Liao Xingzong Yelv Zongzhen in the Battle of Helan Mountain.

The Battle of Sanchuankou, also known as the Battle of Yanzhou, was a major battle between the Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia.In the first year of Renzong Kangding in the Northern Song Dynasty (1040), Jingzong (Yuanhao) of the Western Xia Dynasty commanded an army of [-] to attack Song Yanzhou (now Yan'an, Shaanxi).Xia Jun first pretended to attack the Security Army (now Zhidan, Shaanxi), led the Yanzhou Army to assist the Security Army, took the opportunity to capture Jinmingzhai in the north of Yanzhou, and entered Yanzhou.Fan Yong, governor of Yanzhou in the Song Dynasty, dispatched troops to rescue the city.Song generals Liu Ping, Shi Yuansun and others led more than [-] troops, and hurriedly returned to rescue Yanzhou.The Xia army ambushed at Sanchuankou (now Ansaidong, Shaanxi) and surrounded the Song reinforcements.The Xia army attacked from all sides, and the Song army collapsed across the board.Xia Jun captured Liu Ping, Shi Yuansun and many other Song generals, won a complete victory, and took advantage of the momentum to besiege Yanzhou.Xia's army attacked Yanzhou for seven consecutive days, just as it was snowing heavily, Jingzong had no choice but to withdraw his troops to relieve the siege.On the way back to the division, he even joined Kesaimen and Anyuan Villages, attacked Jingyuan Road, and beheaded Song general Yang Baoji and others in Sanchuan Village (northwest of Guyuan County, Ningxia today).This battle laid the military foundation for the survival and development of Xixia.

The Battle of Haoshuichuan was the second war against the Song Dynasty launched by Jingzong (Yuanhao) of the Western Xia Dynasty in the first year of Qingli in the Northern Song Dynasty (1041).The Xixia army attacked Weizhou (now Pingliang, Gansu) and pushed into Huaiyuan (now southeast of Longde, Ningxia).Han Qi, deputy appeasement envoy of Shaanxi Economic Strategy in the Song Dynasty, ordered General Ren Fu to lead 8000 troops, and ordered Zhenrong Army (now Guyuan, Ningxia) guard Chang Ding to lead his troops to meet the enemy.The Song army met the Xia army in the south of Huaiyuan. Jingzong pretended to be defeated, abandoned his luggage and retreated to the north. Ren Fu led his army to pursue and entered Haoshuichuan (northwest of Longde, Ningxia), where he was surrounded by [-] Xixia troops.The Song army only pursued lightly, and had been out of food for three days. Under the combined attack of the Xia army, they failed to break through.After a fierce battle, Ren Fu and more than [-] soldiers of the Song Army died in battle, and only more than [-] people escaped.The Battle of Haoshuichuan shocked Song Dynasty a lot, and he took a defensive position from then on, not daring to engage Xixia lightly.

In the second year of Qingli (1042) of Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, Jingzong of the Western Xia Dynasty adopted the suggestion of his minister Zhang Yuan, gathered an army of [-] in Tiandu Mountain, and divided the troops into two groups to attack the Song Zhenrong Army (now Guyuan, Ningxia).Song Jingyuan's deputy capital deployed Ge Huaimin and was ordered to lead the army to resist.Ge Huaimin divided his troops into four groups and fought against Xia's army.Jingzong still adopted the strategy of luring the enemy deep, encircling and annihilating them, leading the Song army to Dingchuanzhai (northwest of Guyuan, Ningxia), and then surrounded them with heavy troops to cut off the Song army's return.Ge Huaimin saw the trick, so he led his troops to break through the encirclement of the Zhenrong army.But it was too late, and was trapped in the Great Wall Moat (the junction between the northwest of Guyuan and Longde).Xia's army attacked from all sides. Ge Huaimin and more than a dozen generals under his command were killed in battle, and nearly [-] soldiers were captured.The Xia army took advantage of the victory to drive and attack Weizhou (now Pingliang, Gansu), and returned with a plunder.Song and Xia fought, and Song was defeated in the three battles of Sanchuankou, Haoshuichuan, and Dingchuanzhai, hoping to negotiate peace with Xia.

Although Xixia won, the war was attrition and the trade between Song and Xia stopped, the economy was damaged, and public grievances arose.Xia Jingzong sought peace with Song Dynasty.In the seventh year of Renzong Qingli in the Northern Song Dynasty (1047), the Song and Xia parties reached a peace agreement.Because the peace negotiation took place in the Qingli period of Song Dynasty, it is also called "Qingli peace negotiation".After the peace talks between Song and Xia, the two sides maintained peaceful coexistence for more than [-] years.There have been several wars and peace talks between the two sides since then, but the peace period surpassed the confrontation period.The peace talks are conducive to the economic and cultural exchanges and development of the two sides.

The content of the peace discussion is: "Xixia proclaimed a minister to Song, Song canonized Yuan Hao as the Lord of Xia, Yuan Hao proclaimed his minister in the name of Lord Xia, and changed the bestowed book into an imperial edict without a name. Song gave "year-old gifts" of silver, silk, tea, and 25 yuan every year. 5000 taels, horses, and catties; other rewards will be given on festivals. The two countries reopen border trade and resume private peddlers. Xu Xiaguo set up his own officials; (now Guyuan, Ningxia), but Qingyan is not allowed to enter the Song Dynasty."

(ps: The anti-theft chapter in this chapter is the old rule, and the content of the chapter should be modified after 3 o'clock.)