Jagged Warlord

After Jiang Fangzhen saw these plans to build the party, he was stunned.

The emergence of numerous political parties in the early Republic of China was a new political atmosphere brought about by the Revolution of [-], and it was also a symbol of the continuous development of modern Chinese democratic politics.However, due to the immature development of capitalism, the strength of the emerging classes and strata was still weak, the dissemination of party concepts was still insufficient, and the influence of traditional and old ideas could not be eliminated. It is difficult to maintain the situation where there are numerous political parties. Many political parties do not have a solid foundation.

Moreover, political parties at the beginning of the Republic of China also had the characteristics of loose organization, isolation from the masses, and loose party discipline.At that time, all political parties did not pay attention to the construction of organizational discipline, and were seriously divorced from the people, and even divorced from the classes and strata they represented.Most political parties have no grassroots organizations and rarely connect with the grassroots.Even for a few big parties, their activities are mainly focused on the upper strata of society, focusing on dignitaries, celebrities and politicians, busy with joint struggles in the Congress.To a certain extent, the so-called political party activities in the early Republic of China were actually the activities of a small number of party leaders.

In fact, a political party is a social organization, to be exact, a political organization, a structure established by people in order to achieve specific goals reasonably and effectively, and a relatively rigorous institutionalized group.Advanced political parties should meet the following conditions or have these characteristics:

The first is the clarity and rationality of the party's goal. The goal is the soul of the party, and there is no goal.The party cannot be established and cannot exist. For an advanced political party, its goals should be clear and reasonable.

The second is the stability of the party's organizational structure.The organizational structure is the combination mode of the relationship between the party's components. Only a relatively stable organizational structure can exist and develop.

The third is the soundness of the party's organizational system.The organizational system stipulates the party's role, its powers and obligations, as well as the procedures of the organization's operation.The soundness of the system is the condition for the organization to enter into orderly operation.

It's a pity that none of these political parties possessed it, because party politics was still in its infancy in the early years of the Republic of China.So in Jiang Fangzhen's cognition, a political party is just a group of like-minded people gathered together.Jiang Fangzhen obviously did not expect that a political party would need so many rules and regulations.

Therefore, in the early years of the Republic of China, the star-studded political parties had no vitality at all. The parties were not just parties, not the vanguard of fighting. In the future, our local party will not be a loose alliance of politicians like the current domestic political parties. It is a political party with a party program, a party constitution, a strict organizational system and activities, and certain conditions and procedures for party members to join the party.

Jiang Fangzhen was speechless for a while looking at the thick manuscript in front of him.Therefore, Li Mohan simply took the opportunity to go a step further, and further explained to Jiang Fangzhen his views and views on the so-called political parties of all walks of life.

The current political parties have basically copied the Western model, and there are many shortcomings in their implementation and operation, showing a deformed and pathological development. , only profit is the trend, it is natural, the party sees the party, the faction returns to the faction, the division is impermanent, the party is separated from the party, free to enter and leave, the party's morality is corrupt, the party depends on the person, the doctrine is the same, the political views are the same", even the same person Simultaneously for members of two parties or even multiple parties, etc.Therefore, in the end, they did not develop into a bourgeois party in the true sense.

If the current China implements party politics, it is doomed to fail.why?First of all, in terms of political structure, China currently lacks a strong central government.The modernization roads of Germany and Japan enlighten us that the modernization of catch-up countries requires a strong centralization to lead and promote institutional changes.The self-strengthening movement of the Westernization Movement in modern China failed because it was dominated by local Han forces rather than the central government and lacked centralized and unified leadership. The seeds of warlordism were planted.Therefore, regionalism weakens the authority of the central government, which is necessary for a late-developing country like modern China.

Secondly, in terms of economic structure, the current China lacks the basis for "domination by social forces".The modernization roads of Western countries can be classified into two types, namely, "the British-American business class-led socio-centrism model, and the French-German-Japanese bureaucratic system-led state-centrism model."

The Anglo-American model is a road of modernization led by social forces of "spontaneous order", which is based on the increasingly powerful bourgeoisie.The bourgeoisie is becoming more and more powerful, and as a social force, it dominates and promotes the changes in the social system.Germany and Japan are typical state-centrism, and a strong centralized government is the main driver of modernization and institutional change.In fact, China after the Revolution of [-] lacked the soil to practice Western parliamentary democracy.The modernization path of Anglo-American sociocentrism is based on the huge capitalist class power and economic foundation.At present, the Chinese bourgeoisie is very weak, both economically and politically.The fact that the weak bourgeoisie could not become the leading force in China's social and economic life in the early Republic of China also determined that it could not form a strong political force in society, nor could it form a strong core political force.

Third, in terms of ideology, the current concept of Chinese politicians is out of touch with the timing.Party politics and democratic elections are the ultimate goal, but under the premise that a country is not unified and its political economy is not strong, it blindly pursues the Anglo-American model of parliamentary democracy and implements decentralization instead of centralization. As a result, decentralization leads to centralization The absence and loss of authority led to the failure of institutional change.

Li Mohan said: "What China needs most at the moment is a central government with strong authority to gather all its strength to do one or several things well. Dictatorship may have serious disadvantages, but in a specific historical period, it can Take advantage of high efficiency.”

Jiang Fangzhen said: "Since you said that dictatorship also has a good side, then Yuan Shikai wants to become emperor and Gan Gang to be dictatorial. Why don't you support it?"

Li Mohan said: "Baili, you have been to Japan, and you should know about countries like Japan. In fact, the taxation of their people is not as low as that of Chinese people. But why do they support their government so fanatically? Because the ruler of Japan is not a certain family. Or a certain group for the purpose of seeking personal gain. They are for the ideal of Japan’s expansion. When the country is strong, its citizens will naturally benefit from it. But what about Yuan Shikai? If there is no dictator in the whole country, the future of China will be completely bleak."

Jiang Fangzhen thought for a while, nodded and said: "It makes sense. A ruler who only thinks of profiting for his own family or small group will ignore the feelings of the people. If the ruler doesn't love his people, the people will naturally not love the ruler." Those who think that this country has nothing to do with themselves, but the emperor's family. In the long run, the people will not love their motherland. If you don't love your motherland, you can't cultivate national consciousness. The lack of national consciousness has always been a major problem in China. question."

Everyone knows who Gong Zizhen is, the poet who said "I urge the Lord of Heaven to cheer up and send down talents of all kinds".He has a son named Gong Banlun.Speaking of Gong Banlun, he really is a talent. It is said that after the Second Opium War, he served as an interpreter for the British envoy and negotiated with Prince Gong on behalf of the British.In later generations, college students of English Level 100 may not be able to speak a few complete English sentences. Gong Banlun, who has been around for more than [-] years, can serve as a diplomatic interpreter. This person must have good intelligence.

However, it is said that this Gong Banlun made things difficult in every possible way during the negotiations with Prince Gong of the Qing Dynasty on behalf of the United Kingdom, and did not give any face. In the end, Prince Gong scolded angrily: "You have been favored by the country for a lifetime, but you are willing to be a traitor for a tiger!"

Gong Banlun replied awe-inspiringly: "My father is not allowed to enter the Hanlin Academy. I am so poor that I depend on foreigners to make ends meet. The court belongs to my Gong family. How can I be kind? We are good people, but your way to make progress is blocked by you, and you are also corrupted by corrupt officials." I don't have enough food and clothing, so I have to beg for food from foreign countries. Now you call me a traitor, but I see you as a national traitor!"

Li Mohan agreed with Jiang Fangzhen's supplement. He said: "Baili, you are right. This is the national consciousness. This kind of consciousness can make everyone find their belonging and direction, unite the nation, and make the country prosperous and strong."

Jiang Fangzhen added: "But at present, our education is flawed, instilling our long history, profound traditional culture, and the so-called vast territory. These are of course very necessary. The identity of the country, national self-esteem and pride are also determined by But the cultivation of national sense of urgency and sense of responsibility is vague. For example, Japan, they educate their citizens since childhood. Japan is an island country with few resources and a large population. If Japan wants to continue to produce, it must expand abroad.”

Li Mohan's appreciation of Jiang Fangzhen's talents went further, and he said: "You are right. A nation without national consciousness and national spirit can hardly stand in the forest of nations in the world; a citizen without national consciousness cannot become a patriot. Cultivate the nation Awareness is to cultivate people's centripetal force and sense of belonging to the nation, traditional culture, and country. Only by establishing a sense of identity and belonging to the country can we be closely related to the destiny of the country and share weal and woe."

Jiang Fangzhen was overwhelmed with emotion. He said: "A conversation with you is better than reading ten years of books. My thinking is clear. First, China needs a strong central government, and then concentrate all efforts on building the country and cultivating the national consciousness of the people. Only after the people inside are rich and the people outside can resist foreign captives can we talk about other things.”

Li Mohan supported Jiang Fangzhen's shoulders, and said: "There are very few people in the whole country who can have such a vision, so I spent a lot of effort to poach Baili you from Yuan Shikai. Now, you are willing to work hard with me, To realize our Chinese dream? A dream of a prosperous and strong China."

Jiang Baili put his feet together, stomped hard on the ground, and saluted with a slap, "I will go through fire and water, and I will not hesitate."