Dawn of the Empire

Chapter 379 Stars without brilliance (2)

"Yuan." Zhu Sen's eyes showed surprise, and he almost blurted out, but seeing Zhao Xingde's eyes signaled, he immediately stopped talking.Although Zhao Xingde's crimes are old things from the previous dynasty, the officials at that time were very particular about filial piety and were not willing to easily vindicate this case.Over the past few years, his articles have been circulated, but no trace has been found.Regarding the matter of rehabilitating Zhao Xue, Chen Dong mentioned several times that he was detained by the officials, and the other officials were happy that he did not show up in front of others, so everyone no longer made things difficult for the officials.

At this time, someone asked: "The three cardinal guides and the five constant principles, aren't they the correct way?"

Zhao Xingde said with a smile: "It's really not." As soon as this remark came out, all the Confucian scholars present were in an uproar, some looked at him in disbelief, some gritted their teeth and wanted to rush over, but they heard him continue to say in a deep voice: "Taoist, heaven and earth The principle of operation. There is only one Dao, the movement of heaven is constant, it does not exist for Yao, and it does not perish for Jie. Where does the theory of righteousness and evil come from?"

Hearing what he said, many Confucian scholars who wanted to refute him were unable to say anything. The words that there is nothing in the first place, where can the dust come to mind, but this person insisted on the way of heaven and earth, but put the three cardinal principles and five permanent principles on the ground. Where is he, but he said slowly: "Three cardinal guides and five constant principles, so if you discuss it carefully, it is the virtue of human relations, not the way. Zhou people say that the emperor and heaven have no relatives, but virtue is the auxiliary. But virtue is originally the way of heaven. Assistant, what the Zhou people said is that virtue matches heaven. Dao is heaven, it is dry, it is yang, virtue is earth, it is kun, and it is yin. Is it not possible to reverse the operation to match the virtue of human relations?"

All the Confucian scholars in the audience quieted down. Zhu Sen was thoughtful, Huang Jian nodded slightly, and heard him say again: "The people of Zhou say that respecting heaven, protecting the people, clear virtue, and prudent punishment. Act in accordance with the way of heaven. Those who follow the sky will be free, those who go against the sky will be tired, those who follow it will prosper, and those who go against it will perish. Those who protect the people are just what Mencius said. Even punishment is to protect the people. Those who are virtuous guide them with courtesy, and those who punish carefully are punished with punishment. As Liu Tao said, kill one person and shake the entire army, kill him; reward one person and make everyone happy. Reward him. Since the Han Dynasty, it has been advocated in the past dynasties, and if there are occasional violations, the people of the country will say that they can be killed, which is the effect of Ming Virtue. But if it is mistaken for the way of heaven, then it is referring to the stag as the horse.”

After Zhao Xingde finished speaking, most of the scholars in the field were silent.Although the virtues of the three cardinal guides and five constant virtues are lofty, they are not in the same breath as the way of heaven.The way of heaven is infallible, the same life as heaven and earth will never perish, and those who obey will prosper and those who oppose will perish.This is not the case with virtue. When dynasties change, the virtues of the new dynasty will replace the virtues of the old dynasty. There is even a saying that the five virtues are consistent.He was even more thoughtful and thought to himself: "Since ancient times, there have been no ordinary officials who killed the emperor, and it has become more obvious in the last five generations. The three cardinal guides and five constant rules also need human power to maintain it. I don't see any courtier usurping the throne. Cut it off. In the final analysis, it is because the ruler and ministers are usually only human virtues, not the way of heaven." Thinking of this, I can't help but feel chills in my heart.There was a moment of silence in the academy, but no one uttered a word to refute.

After a long time, someone looked forward to Ai Ai and said: "From what you see, sir, can the Fengchan, auspiciousness, auspicious omens, picture prophecy, and alchemy that are important in the world be called the way of heaven?" All the scholars looked at each other tacitly. Officials, don't they just value these things, and there is a lot of criticism among scholars.

Zhao Xingde shook his head slightly and said with a smile: "You don't talk about strange power and chaos."

Huang Jian nodded to Zhao Xingde, and said with a smile: "This gentleman has a good opinion." He turned to the Confucian scholars and said, "If you are honest, I have some. Therefore, the policy of governing the world should be based on the justice of the people in the world, not the self-interest of a family. However, people are not sages and sages, all of them are self-interested, how can the justice of the people in the world be achieved?" Huang Jian looked at the scholars in the field slowly, and said in a deep voice: "Justice must be achieved through public discussion. The country selects scholars through imperial examinations, and establishes a school system to select talents. The country's laws and regulations are determined by the public discussion of the country's senior scholars. The law of the state and county must be decided by the scholars of the state and county. After that, all the officials of the state and county will be elected by the scholars of one state and one county, and then the state and county officials will choose their own staff and use them, and they will be supervised by the school. The prime minister in charge of the world must be elected by the public discussion of the national school, and then the prime minister chooses the ministers of each department, and the school supervises them. If the prime minister, ministers, prefectures and county officials have lost to the country, the scholars will gather in the school to discuss After that, we will proceed with the matter of elections. In this way, the superiors will be trembling like walking on thin ice, and they will not dare to fail the public opinion with their words and deeds, and the self-interest of everyone may lead to the public interest of all people in the world."

At this time, a scholar named Hu Yong asked loudly, "Where does the master put the king?"

Huang Jian smiled slightly and said: "The sage governs from the bow, the government is governed by the prime minister, and the sacrifice is governed by the king." This is what he has always advocated.

Another scholar named Tian Mu frowned and asked: "Mr. entrusts the authority to the scholars in the school. Aren't you afraid that the scholars will discuss it and make it difficult to make a decision, which will delay the country's affairs? In addition, the school scholars recommend state affairs. County magistrates, and even the prime minister of the imperial court are determined by the school, which will inevitably intensify the party struggle. However, all the people in the school are scholars, and most of them don't know the world. , the scholars will inevitably do what they want, and the people of the world will suffer."

There was a look of praise in Huang Jian's eyes, and he slowly explained: "The school and scholars that Huang said are slightly different from today's county schools, imperial schools, and scholars. The school is not only a place for the country to cultivate talents, but also It is the place where the whole country discusses. Scholars obtain fame through the imperial examinations. If they cannot become officials, they will 'do' their own business for a living. There is no limit to farming and business. Public discussions are the responsibility of scholars. If they do not participate in public discussions from time to time, they will Sacrificing wine is a warning, and those who refuse to correct after repeated admonitions will be dismissed. Therefore, the scholars who gather at the school to participate in public discussions include all walks of life. They are the pillars of a country, a state, and a county. "

Standing in the academy, Zhao Xingde was no less surprised than other Confucian students.This is the first time that Huang Jian put forward the theory of school elections and supervision by public discussion. Although it is just a fantasy, it is even more incredible, and it is very close to the system of later generations.

Someone beside him whispered: "If you talk about Wang Mang, I think Huang Zhoushan is Wang Mang. You have insulted your father, and you want to change the court system. How can you see someone arrest him?" Another person sneered: "Brother How can you compare with Wang Mang? My dynasty does not speak of sinners. What he said did not accumulate party members, nor did he recruit soldiers to rebel. He asked the school to discuss the selection of the prime minister, and he did not criticize the people in power by name. If you are a big boss in the dynasty, are you punishing Zhao Yuanzhi who wrote the post? Or are you here to provoke Huang Zhoushan? What Huang Zhoushan said is just a joke. If you talk about restructuring, I think It is Wang Wengong who is the first to be promoted, and all the tricks for managing the country's financial management are solid. Huang Zhoushan is just making high-level remarks, and empty words are useless."

More scholars stood in the courtyard quietly listening to this novel theory.The so-called scholar-bureaucrats and the emperor ruled the world together in this dynasty, and many scholars were unable to become officials, and only talked about it.If according to Huang Zhoushan's theory, the true reality of the emperor is false, the school scholars elect the sacrificial wine, the governors of prefectures and counties, the prime ministers are elected by the sacrificial wine, and the public discussion is used to supervise and impeach. The influence on local political affairs will be greatly increased.It was March at that time, the mountains were cold in spring, and the fog was heavy. Unknowingly, large groups of fog drifted in from the bamboo forest along with the breeze, and the fog wetted the clothes, and no one wiped them off.The faces of the people four or five steps away could no longer be seen clearly, and the scholars were still quietly listening to the novelty that seemed to come from the ethereal void.

At this time, Huang Jian continued: "The so-called party is the same, and the villain has the party, and the gentleman also has the party. It is difficult for people who are not of the same way to work together. However, in order to prevent the formation of cliques for personal gain, public discussion should be used to prevent it. Scholars have their own opinions. The party, but the discussion, words and deeds must be based on public discussion. If there is someone who abolishes the public for private reasons, the scholars will ban it by public discussion. Although schools have the right to election and public discussion, the power of political affairs still rests with the prime minister, the six ministries, and the county magistrates. If the public discussion cannot be impeached, the court system must not be disturbed. If seven or eight out of ten scholars in the country do not think it is feasible, the major affairs of the court should not be obstructed by the public discussion. Even if there are "treacherous" heroes like Wang Mang, who are temporarily deceived However, after the authenticity is identified, the school can still dismiss it by public discussion. If six or seven out of ten of the scholars in a county think it is true, the county magistrate will be judged. By extension, the public discussion of a state , there are six out of ten people who think it is true, they can be expelled from the prefecture, and the public discussion on the sacrifice of wine in a country's schools can be expelled from the prime minister."

After he finished this passage, scholars still asked questions, and Huang Jian answered them one by one.From Zhao Xingde's ears, no matter the content of the questions and answers, he felt novel and weird besides deja vu.However, compared with Mrs. Xia, the scholars of the Song Dynasty are obviously not very familiar with specific military and political affairs. Some people only know that the imperial court has four major camps, but they don't know the strength of the camps.Some people think that the current situation is similar to that of Fangzhen at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and advocated the reduction of the vassal, but they don't know that the Song Dynasty is now facing enemies from both sides in the northwest, and the embers of civil chaos in the southeast are still lingering. Risan was startled.Some people advocated that the imperial court should send more troops to the Northern Expedition to regain Yanyun in one fell swoop, but they didn't know that Yang Yanqing was deployed in the east camp, and Yang Yanqing was suspicious of the capital, and Wang Yan was deployed in the Hebei camp.The officials of the DPRK and China are arguing in a mess about whether the Kyushu behind the mountains should be under the jurisdiction of the Hebei Xingying or the Hebei Xingying after the Datong Mansion was taken down.Some people said that after the school's public discussion, the heavy industrial and commercial taxes in the southeast should be reduced, but they didn't say where to make up for the expenditure of the imperial court.Even Zhao Xingde shook his head secretly, it will take time for these people to discuss the world's major issues publicly.